ʻO wai ka Khmer Rouge?

I ka makahiki 1968, i kū'ē i ka noho aliʻi Communist Party o Kampuchea (CCP) hoʻokumu i loko o ka paramilitary, i lilo kekahi o na aoao elua o ke kaua kūloko ma Cambodia. Ka mea, ua ka Khmer Rouge. Ka mea, i Cambodia kekahi hou ole o ka socialism ma Hikina Hema Asia.

Nā kêia kanaka o ka pele

Lamentably kaulana "Khmer Rouge" ikea ka makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻomaka o ke kua'āina kipi i loko o Battambang mokuna. Militias i ku e mai i ke aupuni, a me ke alii, e Norodom Sihanouk. Kanaka kua'äina eha ma ka naau i kaʻohiʻana i mai, a hoʻohana 'ia ma ka CCP. Mua, ke kipi koa he uuku, akā, ma ka mea o ka malama Cambodia ua komo 'o loko o ka chaos o ke kanawai kaua, a ua pono manaʻo like kekahi hou Episode o ka Ihuanu, Kaua, a me ka paio ma waena o nā kālai'āina nenoai elua - communism a me ka capitalism.

A mau makahiki ma hope hookahuli ae la i na Khmer Rouge? Eia kukulu ai i loko o ka'āina, mai ka manawa mai o kona kuokoa France. A laila, i ka 1953, ua kūkala Cambodia he aupuni kona luna lilo Norodom Sihanouk. Ma mua,ʻo iaʻo nanea hiʻona i waena o ka kūloko heluna. Naʻe, i ke kahua ma Cambodia destabilized i ke kaua i kokoke Vietnam, ma hope o ka hopena o 1950s., Smoldering confrontation ma waena o ka Communists, kākoʻo ma Kina, a me ka USSR, a kemokalaka e kākoʻo ana-American aupuni. "Red hoʻomakaʻu" i hūnāʻia i loko o ka'ōpū o ka hapanui o Cambodia. Local Communist Party i hana i ka 1951. Ma ka manawa o ka Kanawai War, lilo ae la ia i ka luna Pol ipuhao.

I ka wahine paha, o Pol ipuhao

Horrific hanana ma Cambodia ma na 1970s i loko o ka lehulehu manao (me mākou aupuni) e loa pili i nā kiʻi. ua lilo Pol ipu hao, a me ka Khmer Rouge hōʻailona o ka inhumanity a me ka genocide. Akā, i ka luna o ke kipi hoomaka loa, nonoi. E like me ka oihana Kawaihae, Ua hānauʻiaʻo ia ma luna o May 19, i ka makahiki 1925 ma ka liʻiliʻi unremarkable Khmer kauhale, hūnā hanohano i loko o ka Tropical jungles o Hikina Hema Asia. Ma ka hanau ana,ʻaʻohe Pol ipu i ole. Real inoa o ka alihi kaua o ka Khmer Rouge - Salote Sar. Pol ipuhao - aoao pseudonym, ka poe i kekahi keiki hoʻokahuli aupuni i loko o ka makahiki o kona 'oihana pili aupuni.

Social'eleweka keiki mai ka uku ohana huli hoʻonaʻauao. I ka 1949, ka mea opiopio Pol ipuhao loaa ke aupuni hoʻonaʻauao, i ae la ia ia, e neʻe ana i Farani, a helu i loko o ka Sorbonne. Ma Europa, halawai mai la me ka haumāna a me nā communists, a lilo hoihoi i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni i ka manaʻo nui. Ma Paris, oia hui he Marxist hoa kanaka. Education, nae, Pol ipu i ole kiʻi. I ka makahiki 1952,ʻo ia i kipaku ai ilihune papa mai ke kulanui, a hoi aku la i ka hale.

Ma Cambodia, Pol ipu i ka People ka hoʻokahuli aupuni Party o Cambodia, i ia hope iho i loko o ka Communist. Kona 'oihana hoomaka ma ka hoʻolālā o ke novice i loko o ka' Oihana o ka nuipa a propaganda. Hoʻokahuli aupuni i paʻiʻia ma ka puka, a koke lilo loa kaulana. Pol ipuhao mau i he kupaianaha makemake. Lohi, ua piʻi loa ka aoao hulili, a i ka 1963 lilo kona kakauolelo mau. Ke genocide o ka Khmer Rouge ua nō mamao aku, akā, i ka moʻolelo i hana kona 'oihana - Cambodia ua kokoke i ka kivila kaua.

Ke ideology o ka Khmer Rouge

Communists makahiki ma hope o ka makahiki, e lilo ana i oi influential. Na mea hou o na alihi kaua i waiho ai ka mea hou ideological kumu, ka mea ana i aoia mai i ka Chinese mau hoa. Pol ipuhao, a me ka Khmer Rouge he kākoʻo maosizma - luna 'manaʻo hookama like me ka oihana ao ana i loko o ka Middle Kingdom. I mea, o ka Cambodian communists hai'ano'ē leftist wale. No ka mea, o keia, ka Khmer Rouge me ka poʻe'ē he manaʻo no i ka Soviet Union.

Ma ka kekahi lima, Pol ipu hookomo ana USSR forge ka mua Communist OkatobaʻOiʻenehana. Akā, Cambodian revolutionaries, a he nui wale na kuleana i Moscow. Kekahi mahele o ka ideological mahae ua kaua kipi ma luna o ka mea pā ma waena o ka USSR a me Kina.

Ke Khmer Rouge ma Cambodia i nema aku i ka Soviet Union no ke kulekele o ke revisionism. Ma kekahi, ka mea, ua ku e mai i ka mālama 'ana o ke kala - kekahi o ka loa nui hiʻona o capitalist ana ma ke kaiāulu. E like me ka Pol ipuhao i manaoio aku i ka Soviet Union no ka mea, o ka poe ikaika no lakou industrialization i poorly e hoʻomōhala ana i ka mahiai. Ma Cambodia, pâʻani 'o ia i ka mahiʻai ololi he kūlana nunui. Nā kauwa a pau ma keia aina, i ka uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa o ka heluna kanaka. E like me ka hopena, i ka wa a ka mana i loko o Phnom Penh hele "Khmer Rouge"? Eia, Pol ipu i i noi mai i kōkua mai i ka Soviet Union, akā, nui aku aʻo i kaʻoihana i China.

Makuakane no ka mana

I ke kaua kivila o ka Khmer Rouge, i lilo ai i loko o ka makahiki 1967 kākoʻo i ka Communist Aupuni o North Vietnam. Ko lakou mau hoa a ua loaʻa pū allies. Ke Cambodian aupuni i alakaʻiʻia e kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia a me Hema Vietnam. Initially, ke kikowaena ke aupuni i loko o ka lima o ke alii Norodom Sihanouk. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ke koko ole coup i ka makahiki 1970,ʻo ia i lukuʻia, a me ka noho aupuni ana i loko o ka lima o ke Kuhina Nui Kuhina Lon nol. Me ia, no ka Khmer Rouge kaua elima hou makahiki.

o ka moolelo o ka kaua kūloko ma Cambodia i laʻana o ka kipi kūloko, a 'Imi intervened haole koa. I ka Ia manawa, i ka confrontation ma Vietnam. Americans hoomaka ae la e hoomakaukau nui loa hoʻokele waiwai, a koa kōkua i ke aupuni o Lon nol. Ka US i makemake ole i ka lilo i ka aina o Cambodia, a hiki ole pilikia, e hele aku no ka hoʻomaha a me ka recuperationʻenemi Wiekanama koa.

I ka 1973, US mokulele hoomaka bombing ke kūlana o ka Khmer Rouge. US poʻe hao wale ma ia manawa hele mai Vietnam a me kēia manawa hiki kālele ana ma luna o kōkua Phnom Penh. Eia naʻe, ma ka mea kuleana manawa kona e olelo oukou Ahaolelo Lahui la. E kū'ē i ka backdrop o ka papakaukau Anati-militarist e hoʻolaha i ka 'Amelika ke kaiāulu kanaka, kūkulu' ia koi e Pelekikena Nixon, e hooki aku i bombing o Cambodia.

Ana pâʻani 'o ia i loko o ka lima o ka Khmer Rouge. Ma kēia mau ana, hoomaka ae la ka Cambodian aupuni e hoopae ia, e emi hope. January 1, 1975, hoomaka ae la ke kūpono 'hope o ka Khmer Rouge i loko o ke kapikala Phnom Penh. Day ma ka lā i ke kūlanakauhale i nele o ka hou lako laina a pau, a me na apo puni ka mea, ua hoomau ia pilikia. April 17, ka Khmer Rouge hoʻokumu piha mana hoʻomalu ma luna o ke poʻo. Mau pule ma mua o ka Lon nol kūkala i kona resignation, a hoʻoneʻe i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia. Ua manao ia ma hope o ke Kanawai War hele mai i ka manawa o ke kumupaʻa a me ka maluhia. Akā, ma ka mea, Cambodia ua ma luna o ka verge o ke ahiahi catastrophe nui weliweli.

kemokalaka Kampuchea

Once i loko o ka mana, ka Communists Kapa hou i ka aina kemokalaka Kampuchea. Pol ipuhao, ka mea i lilo poo o ka moku'āina, hai mai la ekolu KUMUMANAʻO NUI pahu hopu o kona aupuni. Mua,ʻo ia i hele aku ai, e hooki aku i ka hiolo ana o ka peasantry, a haalele iho la i ke kuala a me ka palaho. Ka lua o ka pahuhopu nui ua e hoʻopau kaukaʻi Kampuchea mai nā'āina. Eia hoi, i ke kolu o ka: mea, i mea e pono ai i ka Hoʻihoʻi 'ia mea i loko o ke aupuni.

A pau kēia mau slogans mea pono, akā, ma ka ike maopopo ia huli mai i ka mea i hanaia o kaʻoʻoleʻa dictatorship. Ke aupuni, hoomaka ae la ka repression, i i hoʻoili ma ka Khmer Rouge. Ma Cambodia, e like me na koho, i pepehiʻia ma waena o 1 a me 3 miliona kanaka. Kūʻiʻo e pili ana i ka hewa Ua hoʻomaopopoʻia wale nō ma hope o ka haule ana o ka Pol ipuhao? Eia. I loko nō o kona noho alii ana, Cambodia paʻa i ka pā aku la, mai ke ao nei mai o ka "hao pale". News e pili ana i kona lilo o ke ola ua aneane pūnāwai mai.

Ka weliweli a me ka repression

Ma hope o ka lanakila ma ka kaua kūloko, ke Khmer Rouge ma luna o ka piha ka kūkuluʻana o ke kaiāulu Kampuchea. E like me kona'ano'ē ideology, lakou i hoole ai i ke kala, a eliminated i ke koʻi o capitalism. hoomaka City kupa e hoʻoneʻe mai em me nā paʻi i ke kula. Ka luku maluna o na mea he nui o ka mau lawelawe a me ka moku'āina hui. Ke aupuni hoopau ia i ka'ōnaehana o ka lapaau, ka hoʻonaʻauao, a me ka moʻomeheu 'epekema. Ua banned nā puke a me nā 'ōlelo a pau. Oia hoi, ua hoʻokomoʻia makaaniani i alakai ai i ka hopu ana o na mea he nui kanaka ma ka aina.

Ke Khmer Rouge, kona alakaʻi i waiho loa seriously, e kekahi mau mahina i i waiho i kekahi kumumea o ke kahiko o ka papa. Repression waiho wale aku no ia e nā mea a pau hoomana ana. Ua ikaika loa lakou hahau ana i hana mai ai i ka Buddhists, ka mea i loko o Cambodia he loa kekahi '.

Ke Khmer Rouge, he Hawaii photo o ka hopena o ka repression i koke e halii mai i nā mea a pau ma luna o ka honua, i puunaue ai i ka heluna kanaka i loko o ekolu waeʻano. Ka mua pūʻulu me ka hapanui o na kauwa. Ma ka lua o ka poʻe e noho ana o na? Anoee no ka lōʻihi manawa ku i ka Communist kūpono 'i ke Kanawai ke Kaua. He hana hoihoi 'i, oiai i loko o kekahi kūlanakauhale, i ka nānā' ana i ka 'Amelika poʻe hao wale. A pau i kēia mau kūlanakauhale i na hoopai ana i "hou-hoʻonaʻauao", a, ma na olelo e ae, nuipa a hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka.

Ke kolu o ka pūʻulu he ka pilina clergy luna aupuni a pau i loko o ka lehulehu hana ma ka mua pololei. No hoi, ua hui pū ka mea, ma luna o ka poʻe kaua o Lon nol. Soon, ma ka ahaaina o kēia mau kanaka i ua ho'āʻo savage hoʻomāinoino 'o ka Khmer Rouge. Ke repression lawe mai ma lalo o ka slogan o ka paio e ku ei ka poe enemi o na kanaka, a me ka poe kipi revisionists.

Socialism ma Cambodian

Limanui bipi i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o ka heluna kanaka i noho i loko o kamaʻilio, kapa hoʻohanohano ma ka ikaika rula. Ua hana holo nōhie Cambodians i loko o ia i kanu laiki, a pana aku au i manawa ma luna o nā haʻahaʻa-akamai ka hana. Nā atrocities o ka Khmer Rouge, ua i hoʻohalahala hoopai no kekahi hewa. Me ka hookolokolo ana i pana na powa a me nā nīnūnē violators o ka lehulehu mea. I ka rula pili a hiki i ka ole o ka hua he kalana, iā lākou ma ka moku'āina. O ka holo ana, o ka honua a pau, a me ka hana ma ka aina i nationalized.

Hope, ka mea 'ē ma ho'ākāka' ia ma nā hewa o ka Khmer Rouge genocide. Luku mai ia poʻe i lawe mai ma luna o ka nohona a me ka lāhui i laina. Mana hana haole, a me i ka Wiekanama a me Pake. Kekahi kumu no ka anehenehe ua ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe. E hele ana ma luna o ka ike no confrontation a me na haole, i ka hooponopono ana hoi loa kaʻawaleʻana, mai ka la mawaho ao nei Kampuchea. Kalaiaina hui 'ana mea i ka malamaia wale me Albania, China a me North Korea.

Nā kumu o ka luku mai ia

He aha ka Khmer Rouge o ke kahua ma kona'āina hānau o ka genocide, ma o na la he mea hiki ole poino i kona makana a me ka wā e hiki mai? E like me ia i ka kūhelu ideology o ka moku'āina no ke kapili ana i kekahi Socialist paradaiso I mau hea hana he miliona hiki-kino a me kupaʻa kanaka, a me nā mea a pau me ka 'ē aʻe kekahi mau miliona kanaka, ua i anaiia mai. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, genocide mea ole "hoʻohei ma ka honua" a me ka hopena o ka naoh ku ei ka oleloia poe kipi. Na pepehi kanaka he hapa o ka papa pili aupuni.

Koho o ka helu pepehi ma Cambodia ma na 70s. loa contradictory. Ka nahā i waena o 1 a me 3 miliona, kena ae la ia ma ke kanawai ke kaua, hailona no nā mea pakeleʻano kaua o ka noiʻi, a no laila, ma luna o. D. Of papa, na? Eia e nele i kekahi mea hoike no na hewa o lakou. People Ua pepehiʻia me ka hookolokolo ana, ia mea,ʻaʻole hiki ke hoihoi i ka chronicle o nā hanana ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ma nā palapala kūhelu.

E like Film e pili ana i ka Khmer Rouge mea i pono hoolilo aku hoi i ka unahiʻole, i mai o ka malihiniʻana i luku ai i ka pōʻino aupuni. Akā,ʻo ka mea mau kauoha i i i ka lehulehu ma hoʻonohonoho 'Aha, i mālama' ia ma hope o ka haule ana o ke aupuni o Pol ipu hao, mānaʻonaʻo. Ka papa hōʻailona o ka repression ma Cambodia ua lilo i ka halepaahao o Tuol Sleng. I kēia lā, aia mea he iau. Ma ka hope na umi o ka poe i hoounaia'ku na tausani o kanaka a hiki i keia halepaahao. A pau o ia i manao e e hana ai. Wale 12 kanaka ola. Ka mea, ua laki -ʻaʻole ka mea, i i manawa e pana mua o ka loli o ke aupuni. Kekahi o ua poe pio la i ke kī hoike ma ka hookolokolo ana o ka hihia o Cambodia.

haipule puupuu

Repression ke alo o ke kahunapule, a papa hana i koi 'enshrined i loko o ke kumu kanawai, a i Kampuchea. Ka Khmer Rouge Ua ike ia ma kekahi denomination Loaʻaʻia pilikia i kā lākou mana. I ka 1975, Cambodia he 82,000 Buddhist monasteries o mōneka (bosses). Wale i kekahi mau no ia e hoʻokele i pakele, a holo aku i waho. Ke extermination o nā mōneka i kekahi huina külana. Loa ua ole i no kekahi.

Luku aku i nā kiʻi o Buddha, Buddhist hale waihona puke, na luakini a me pagodas (ma mua o ka Kanawai War, aia no ua kokoke 3 miliona, akā, ma ka pau he mea ole kekahi). Like i ka manawa o ka Bolsheviks a Communists ma Kina, ka Khmer Rouge hoʻohana i ka hoomana hale me aee.

Me ka mauʻino Pol ipu hao kākoʻo i hana aku ai me ka poe Kristiano, no ka mea, he mau nā moku halihali mokulele o ka haole ololi. Repression undergone nā laymen a me ka poʻe kāhuna. He nui na ekalesia undergone ka make a me ka luku. Iloko o ka makau, pepehi ma kahi o 60,000 kānaka Kristiano a me kekahi 20 tausani Nā Poʻe Isalama.

Ke kaua me Vietnam

No kekahi mau makahiki i ka? Eia o Pol ipu hao ka Cambodia alakai aku i ka waiwai'opi. Ua loa luku nui nā spheres o ka hoʻokele waiwai 'ana o ke aupuni. Nunui casualties repression alakai aku ai i ka abandonment o ka nunui hakahaka.

Pol ipuhao, e like kela dictator, wehewehe i nā kumu no ka'opi o Kampuchea wrecking hana o ka poe kipi a me na poe enemi. Kaupalena naʻe, keia manao koi aoao. No Pol ipuhao i loko o ka lehulehu makahiki i ole nei. He Ua ikeia me "ka hoahānau helu kekahi" i loko o kaʻewalu nui aoao huahelu. Ano ia mea kahaha ko oukou naau, akā, ma Cambodia, ma ka hou, ua wahahee lākou iho newspeak a me ke ano o ka dystopian puke "1984". Ua wehe 'ia he nui ka palapala, ai olelo (ka mea, i UAIAaIN e hou i aponoia'ōhui) mai ka' ōlelo.

I loko nō a pau ka ideological mau o ka Party, i ke aupuni i loko o ka deplorable moku'āina. Ma keia kūpono i loko o ka pōʻino o ka Khmer Rouge a me Cambodia. Pol ipuhao, ia manawa, ua mumulu mai ulu kue me Vietnam. I ka 1976, ua hoʻohuiʻia ka'āina ma lalo o Communist rula. Naʻe, i ke koke o ka Socialist eia, yeieiae? I i kōkua i loaʻa i kekahi mau 'ōlelo.

Ma ka mea ku ole, ma ka mokuna paʻa koko o kaua liʻiliʻi mai ai. Ka mea nui loa i ka mea pōʻino ma ke kūlanakauhale o Batjuk. Ka Khmer Rouge ma Vietnam, a oki mai i ka pau kauhale, i ka hale a hiki i kahi o 3 tausani maluhia kauwa. clashes ma ka palena o ka wā i pau ai i loko o December 1978, ka wā i loko o Hanoi ua hoʻoholo ihola e hana aku ai me ka? eia o ka Khmer Rouge. No ka Vietnam i ka hana, ua hiki pono ia ma ka oiaio i Cambodia oia mākaukau hoʻi i ka hoʻokele waiwai'opi. Koke ma hope o ke kaua ana o na haole, i lilo ai i ka uprising o ka kūloko heluna. January 7, 1979 ka Wiekanama i Phnom Penh. I ka mana o ka mea i pono hana Kampuchean United Front no National ola, alai ae e Heng Samrin.

hou guerrillas

ʻOiai ka Khmer Rouge lilo aku kapikala, i ke komohana hapa o ka aina i koe ma lalo o kā lākou mau malama. O kekahi 20 makahiki, na kipi hoomau e hoopilikia mai i ka Central Aupuni. Eia hou, i ka Khmer Rouge alakaʻi Pol ipu hao e holo, a hoomau iho la oia e alakai i ka nui paramilitary poʻe hao wale, ukryvshimisya i loko o ka nani. Ke kaua e kū'ē i nā perpetrators o ka genocide alakaʻi a pau o ka ia Wiekanama (Cambodia hoʻi e waiho i ka mea hina, a hiki apuepue hoʻopau i kēia hoʻoweliweli 'hoʻoponopono).

Kēlā me kēia makahiki, haʻi akula kekahi, a me ka ia kai eʻe. Wiekanama wai contingent o kekahi mau tausani kanaka desyatuov kaua akula komohana'āina, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ia, a me ka haule hoʻi i kā lākou mau mua kulana. Akuma ka manawa Tropical makani ino mai ai i ka mea hiki ole i ka pono hakakä me ka guerrillas i loko o ka nani. Ke irony ua ia i kona mau kanawai kaua, ka Wiekanama communists hoʻohana i ka ia nā kaʻa mokulele, i ua manawa hoʻohana ku e ia lakou ma ka Khmer Rouge.

hope make

I ka 1981, o ka aoao kipaku hapa 'ia' Pol ipu hao, mai ka mana, a me ka koke oia ka ii iho mea hoʻoheheʻe. Kekahi Communists hoʻoholo i ka hoʻololi 'ana i kona maalea. I ka 1982, ua hoʻokumu ka Party o kemokalaka Kampuchea. Keia a me kekahi mau 'ē aʻe i ka hoʻolālā i hui pu i loko o kaʻahahui aupuni, a i koke ike e ka un. Legitimize ka Communists repudiated Pol ipu hao. Ka mea, ua ae ka hewa o ka mea mua? Eia (me adventurous ole-kala) a noi kala ana i ka repression.

Radicals, alakaʻiʻia Pol ipu hana mau, e hūnā i loko o ka ulu lāʻau, a destabilize i ka aina. Aka hoi, ka manaʻo politikaʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai ma Phnom Penh alakai aku ai i ka mea i ke kikowaena aupuni ikaika ae la. I ka 1989, ua haʻalele Cambodia ma Wiekanama poʻe kaua. Ke standoff ma waena o nā aupuni, a me ka Khmer Rouge hele ma no, he umi paha makahiki. Inā 'aʻole' Pol ipuhao, hoʻoikaika ihola like alakaʻi kipi, e wehe ia ia, mai ka mana. Once seemingly Ua waiho invincible dictator ma lalo o ka hale hopu. He make ma April 15, 1998. E like me ka hiki i kekahi mana, i ke kumu o ka make i ka naau ka hoʻokō 'ole, ma ka kekahi - o kaʻapu kōheoheo e kona mau kākoʻo Pol ipu hao. Soon ka Khmer Rouge, waiho wale aku i ka make hope loa.