ʻO wai ka mea invented ka Turing hōʻike? Ninaninau 'ana i Turing hoʻokolohua

Paha i kēia mea,ʻaʻole ke kanaka e ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i lohe ai e pili ana i kēia manaʻo, like me ka hoao ana o Alan Turing. Paha loa, me ka mau, mamao aku, mai ka hoʻomaopopo mea kūpono ai ia i ikea ai kahua. No ia mea, e noho ma luna o ka mea i loko o hou au mamuli.

He aha ka ka Turing ninau hoopoipoi: walaʻauʻana manaʻo

Back ma ka hopena o 40-ies o ka hope ke kenekulia, he nui akeakamai manaʻo hana i loko o nā pilikia o ka mua kamepiula noiʻi. Ua i laila i kekahi o na lala o kekahi ole-hui Lākiō Club pae limahana ma ka noiʻi i loko o ka mahinaʻai o cybernetics, ninau aku la i ka pono Logical nīnau: o ka mea e hiki ke hana i kekahi mīkini i hiki manaʻo e like me ka ke kanaka, a, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa mamuli o konaʻano?

Hekikai no i ka olelo, ka poe i invented ka Turing hōʻike? Ma nā mea a pau likelihood,ʻaʻohe. No ka mea loiloi mua kumu o ka pau manaʻo, i mea e pili, ke kēia rula i ua ia: ina paha he kanaka e e hiki no i kekahi manawa, e kamaʻilio me kekahiʻike makaʻole interlocutor ma ihola ia okoa ākeʻakeʻa kumu pae paha ka hoʻoholo 'ana i mua ona - he maoli kanaka a me ka mīkini? Ma nā hua'ōlelo, ke ninau mea ole wale e simulate i ka maoli engine o kanaka hana, akā, no hoi, e huli mai, inā ua hiki manaʻo no lakou iho. Me ke kanalua, he mea no ke kahe koe controversial.

Mōʻaukala o ka hanaia'na

I mau, ina ka Turing hoao ana e like me ka ano o empirical manao'ōnaehana mākou noonoo "kanaka" uea 'o ke kamepiula, ka mea e e mai la oia i kaʻauhau'ēʻaʻe kumu no kona hanaia'na ua i ka hana māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana poe akeakamai Alfred Ayer, i ka mea, ua kālaiʻia i loko o 1936.

Ayer iho hoʻohālike au, no laila, e olelo aku, i ke ola ka hoao ana o kekahi kanaka, a ma luna o ke kumu o ka mea i olelo ia manao e ole ka soulless mīkini makemake e hiki ke hele i kekahi i kekahi hōʻike, no ka mea, ka mea e ole ike pehea i ka manaʻo. Ma kahi momona, ka mea e e gula Mohai.

I rula, i ke ala ia mea. E ho okumu i ka manaʻo mīkini he iki Mohai. Loa naʻepekema me he kumu hoohalike hopena o ka Wright hoahanau, nāna i kūkulu ka mokulele mua, haalele ka welelau o e mamuli o na manu, a, incidentally, ua typical o ke ahiahi, e like me ke ano akamai e like Leonardo ka Vinci.

Istria mea hāmau me ia, ina paha, uaʻike nō Alan Turing (1912-1954) o kēia mau postulates, nae, i ka makahiki 1950, oia ua he okoa kahua o nā nīnūnē e hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka degere o ka "humanized" o ka mīkini. A au pono e olelo aku nei, ua ulu a me ka manawa i kekahi o ka loa kahua, nae, ka manawa ma ka ikea ai, no ka laʻana, kamepiula bots, a no laila, ma luna o .. Ma ka ike maopopo, nae, huli mai ia e like me ka rula i hiki kekahi, i ka Turing hoao wale i kekahi mau papahana. A laila, "hele" - wahi a ke'ō, mai ua loa ka hoao ana hopena i ka heluʻai o ka 100 pakeneka i loko o ka maikai ina - he uuku oi aku 50.

I ka loa hoʻomaka o ko lākou mau ao, ka noiʻi hoʻohana i kona mau hana mea hou i hana muaʻole. Ua Ua kapaia "ho'āʻo Turing mīkini". No ka Ua manao a pau i ke kamailio ana, e komo wale i loko o paiia palapala, ke nä känaka 'epekema noi i kekahi mau kumu o nā lula no ka palapala pane, e like me ka neʻeʻana o ka lipine a hiki i ka waiho a me ka pololei, e kaomi i ka kekahi ano, a no laila, ma luna o. D.

Program Eliza a me kaʻeleu nui

Over manawa, ua lilo nā papahana hou eiiieaena, a me ka mau o ia mea i loko o wahi, i hiki i kahi o ka Turing hoao ana i noi ia, hoike nani loa nā hualoaʻa ma ka manawa. O na kila Eliza a me kaʻeleu nui.

Like no me ka "Eliza", hana i ka makahiki 1960: ma luna o ka kumu o ka ninau, ka mīkini ua e hoakaka i ka hua'ōlelo, a me ka nānā 'ana i ka mea e hana i hoʻi ai i nā pane. He hiki ke hoopunipuni na kanaka maoli. Inā ua mau hua'ōlelo i ole huli mai, i ke kaʻa, hoi mai i ka nōhie pane 'ole' oe i kekahi o ka mea mua. Eia naʻe, mea no ka hooholo ia ana o "Elisa" hoao aku i kanalua, no ka mea, ka mea maoli kanaka ka poe i hana i ka polokalamu, a i mua makaukau psychologically no laila, i ka mea mua, manao iho la ia e kamailio pu ana me ke kanaka, i ka mīkini.

Kaʻeleu nui polokalamu iki like me ka "Eliza," akā, ua hanaia e simulate i ka palapala a paranoid. He aha ka mea hana hoihoi no kona hoao mau hoʻomanawanui iki mai i hoʻohana i loko o nā keʻena lāʻau lapaʻau. Hope kākau i kamaʻilio transcripts ma TTY ano i loiloi 'oihana psychiatrists. Wale i loko o 48 pakeneka o ka hoopii, he mea hiki i ka pono Loiloi i kahi kanaka, a ma ka mīkini.

Eia hou,ʻaneʻane ka laila polokalamu a pau o ka hana, e lawe i ka mooolelo i kekahi kōā o ka manawa, e like me kanaka ma ia manawa i manao nui wikiwiki mīkini. Ano, - ma ke kue.

Supercomputer Deep Blue a me Watson

He nui iho la ia e nana hoihoi 'kūpono' hui IBM, i mea ole mea i ka manaʻo, akā, ka mea, he mea hiki ole aaioee mana.

Paha, he nui hoomanao iho la i loko o 1997, ka supercomputer Deep Blue lanakila 6 pāʻani o Mū Kākela mai ka laila aliʻi honua champion Garry Kasparov. Maoli, o ka Turing hoao mea pili i kēia mīkini ka loa conditional. Ka mea o ia ka mea i mua waiho iho la i ke kaʻina o nā poe UAAIIeIIeX me ka mea hiki ole ke dala o ke ano hanana. Ke kaʻa ke loiloi i kekahi 200 miliona kulana apana ma luna o ka papa i loko o ka lua!

Watson kamepiula, a oia no 360 nā unu lawelawe a me 90 mau kikowaena, lanakila 'o ia i ka' Amelika hihiu hōʻike, kuikui no i na mea kiko'î o na aoao elua'ē aʻeʻelua, no ka mea, ma ka mea, loaa he $ 1 miliona uku. Hou, ke ninau mea moot no ka mea, ua waiho iho la i ke kaʻa hiki ole encyclopedic puke o aeaiiuo, a me ke kaʻa pono ua kālailai i ka ninau ma ke alo o nā hua'ōlelo, synonyms a nōhie ń, alaila, haawi mai la i ka pane pololei.

Emulator Eugene Goostman

Kekahi o ka loa hana hoihoi Aey? Acaeoey i loko o kēia wahi i ka polokalamu odessite Evgeniya Gustmana a Lūkini lunaʻenehana Vladimir Veselov, e noho ana i loko o ka United States, a mimicked kekahi kanaka 13-makahiki-kahiko keiki.

June 7, 2014 Eugene polokalamu hōʻike lākou Loaʻaʻia i loko o piha. Interestingly, i ka 5 waapa, a 30 maoli kanaka komo i loko o ka ikea ai. Wale i ka 33% o ka hihia mai o ka haneri jure hiki hooholo i keia mea i ke kamepiula. o ka wahiʻaneʻi i ka pilikia ua huikau ma ka mea ana i ke keiki ka manao ka haʻahaʻa ma mua ia o kekahi kanaka makua, a he emi ka ike.

Turing ho'āʻo nīnau,ʻo ka loa, he pono ole, nae, no ka Eugene (Euegene) i concretized a me kekahi mau ninau e pili ana i nā hanana ma Odessa, a hiki ole ke nana ia e kekahi kamaaina. Akā, me ka pane nae puʻe wale akula kēlā i ka manaʻo i ke jure keiki. No ka laʻana, ma ka ninau ana o ka polokalamu noho pane koke. Koda Ua noi ina ka interviewee ua i kekahi lā i loko o ka polokalamu i olelo ia aole makemake i ke kamaʻilio e pili ana ia. I ka wā o ka interviewee ho'āʻo e koi aku i ka olelo ana ma ka laina me ka mea i hanaia mai ia lā, Eugene disown i mai la, ka mea e olelo aku nei, a ua pono ike oe, no ke aha la oia i ninau mai? Ma mau, he keiki okŘkohukohu ua like holomua.

Aka hoi, e ke nō ka emulator, aʻaʻole i manaʻo ia. No laila, e ala, o ka Machines,ʻaʻole e lawe i ka lōʻihi loa manawa.

ka downside

Hope ka mea i koe, e hoʻohui i like loa me ka elue no ka hanaia'na o ka noʻonoʻo machines i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ma kahi o laila. Naʻe, ina ka mua iaia nīnau hoʻohuli i kaʻoi loa i na machines, a me ka manawa e oe ole kekahi mīkini, mea mea pono e hooiaio kokoke kela mea keia mea o mākou. Pono e nana i ka hoʻokomo o ka hopuʻia ka Internet e loaa komo i kekahi ano o ka hana. Oiai ka mea, ua manaoio aku no lakou i ua ole i hana kekahi i kekahi lolouila mea hiki ke ike i ka haehaeia kikokikona a hoonoho iho la o huapalapala, koe nae ke kanaka. Akā, ka mea i ike, i kekahi mea hiki ...