Ai Anatomia: vertebrae, nāʻiʻo, ipu koko

kanaka'ā'ī - kekahi hapa o ke kino, ai pili aku i ke poo a me ke kino. Kona luna palena hoʻomaka i loko o ka iwi ā lalo māhele 'āina. Ke torso'ā'ī hele ma ka jugular notch o ka sternum, a me ka 'au kŰlń ao ma ka luna ili o ka clavicle. I loko nō kona kŘpa a uuku nui, ma laila nō i ka helu o ka nui hale a me nā loko, a i hookaawale ia e connective'aʻaʻa.

shape

Inā ka'anatomia o ka ai i loko o ka mau palapala o ka ia no na kanaka, kona helehelena e ĸokoĸa ana nä pane. Like kekahi e hui, a me hapa o ke kino, ka mea, i kona mau kanaka. Keia mea aie a hiki i ke 'o ke kino kumu kanawai, makahiki, hoohanau, hereditary kāna moʻolelo. Ka paukūʻolokaʻa kinona - ka maʻamau ano o ka ai. I ka wa a me ka manawa'ōpio wale nō i kaʻili i loko o kēia wahi elasticity, skintight cartilage a me nā nā wānana waiwai.

I ka lń i ke poʻo a hiki i ka midline o ka'ā'ī pono i ho'ākāka 'kino, a me ka pepeiaohao o ka hyoid iwi, thyroid cartilage - cricoid, tracheal. Aia ma lalo o ka torso hiki fossa - he jugular notch o ka sternum. Ma waena-elemakule a me ka Slim hana ma ka aoao o ka'ā'ī nāʻiʻo hiki ke hoopuni ike. He oluolu ke kaʻina hana a me nā ipu koko kahi kokoke i ka ili.

'ā'ī'anatomia

Kēia hapa o ka kino kekahi i loko ona iho i ka ipu nui ke koko a me nā aʻalolo e e ia nui no kanaka ola nā loko a me nā iwi. Ulu muscular'ōnaehanaʻo ia ka mea e hiki ai e hana i kekahiʻano o ka neʻe 'ana o ke poo. Na na 'ole o ka ai ninoieo o na Oihana e like me:

• Kaniai - komo i loko o ku una ha kanaka lehelehe, i mea ka mua ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai i ka pathogens, hanaʻia kamailio hana o ka digestive oihana;
• larynx - Radio he nui kūlana i loko o ka'ōlelo i hoʻomākaukauʻia, naehana hoomalu;
• trachea - alakaʻi mele lewa i na maʻiʻaʻai, nui i ke keʻena o ka naehana oihana;
• thyroid gland - i ke kino o ka endocrine'ōnaehana i produces hormones no pūnao;
• esophagus, - hapa o ka digestive kaula pushes i kaʻai a hiki i ka'ōpū, e hoomalu aku i reflux i loko o ke ku pono kuhikuhi;
• spinal kaula - ka kiʻekiʻe loa hehee ai o ke kanaka ua'emi'ōnaehana, kuleana no ka ka hoʻoneʻe o ke kino a me na hana o na reflexes.

Eia hou, ma ka'ā'ī ho'āʻo nā aʻalolo, nui na moku ke koko a me ka aa koko. Ua ninoieo o vertebrae a me cartilage, connective'aʻaʻa a me ka momona, ahu iho. Kēia hapa o ka kino, mea nui he loulou "poo -'ā'ī", hoalohaloha aku ia i hoʻohuiʻia ka spinal kaula a me ka lolo.

o ka'ā'ī

Hoomaopopo i ka mua a me ka hope o ka'ā'ī, e like me na mea he nui o ka "triangle", a i kaupalena ai i ke kīloi paʻewa kihi o ka trapezius Muscle. Ka mua hapa nana e like me ka triangle me ke kumu lalo. Ua i hoʻokau ': luna - haʻahaʻa iwia, lalo - ka jugular notch, nāʻaoʻao - kihi o sternocleidomastoid Muscle. Ka waena laina i hookaawale ai i kēia kuleana i loko o nā medial triangle: ka akau a me ka lima hema. Aia Ua hoi lingual triangle, ma i hiki ke wehe i ka nānā 'ana i ka lingual artery. Ua ālai ka mua hyoid Muscle, luna - hypoglossal nā aʻalolo, ma hope a ma lalo o ka tendon o digastric, a i aia e hiki mai ana i ka carotid triangle.

Scapular-tracheal wahi kaupalena scapular-hyoid a me sternocleidomastoid Muscle. Ma scapuloclavicular triangle, i ka hapa o ka paʻa o ke kīloi paʻewa triangle, ua noho jugular Vienna, Vienna, a me ka suprascapular artery a me ka thoracic lymph leki uea. Ke trapezoidal-scapular ai ke kuleana o ka mea kalaima nā aʻalolo a cervical superficial artery, a ma ka medial hapa o ia mea kŰlń ao transverse artery.

Kahua ala Muscle mea interscalene a me ka predlestnichnoe ka lewa i loko o i kŰlń ao artery subclavian a me ka suprascapular, Vienna subclavian a me phrenic nā aʻalolo.

Hope Front kaupalena trapezoid nāʻiʻo. Eia ka mea, o ka mea na carotid artery a me jugular Vienna, e like me ka vagus, hypoglossal, glossopharyngeal, mea kalaima nā aʻalolo.

'ā'ī iwi

Ke spinal kolamu ninoieo o 33-34 vertebrae, a maalo ae la oia ma ke kino, a me ka mea e lawelawe ia kākoʻo. Aia i loko o ka spinalʻula, a hoʻohuiʻia ka periphery i ka lolo, a hoʻolako i ka lani kiekie loa reflex ha awina. Ka mua spine aia pono i loko o ka'ā'ī ma i keiki, he kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻoneʻe.

Cervical spine mea 7 vertebrae, kekahi o i i ua hookoeia mai vestiges o i i fused me ka transverse keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Lākou alo loa, i mea ka mokuna lua, - vestige iwi aoao. cervical vertebral kino laterally elongated, emi ma mua o kā lākou mau counterparts, a mai ka noho lio shape. Kēia i nā cervical spine nui ka hoʻoneʻe i like me nā māhele o ka spinal kolamu.

Lua vertebrae pu kuahene he kai i lawelawe 'ana no ka hoomalu ana i ka vertebral artery a me ka aa koko. Place o ka hooholo ana o ka spinal kaula hana i ka piʻo o ka cervical vertebrae, ka mea, he nui kūpono ke ākea, a kohu i ka triangular shape. Spinous keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka māiʻuʻu, no laila, 'aneʻi pili i ou wahi lihi iki o ka Muscle olona.

Vertebra "Hawaiian Edition"

Ka mua mau cervical vertebrae ma luna o kekahi me nā hale okoa mai ka mea'ē aʻe elima. Ka mea, o ko lakou alo aku e leie aku i kekahi kanaka e hana i kekahiʻano o ka neʻe 'ana o ke poʻo: k'ki, kāna mau, kuapo. Me Kinohi vertebrae - ke apo o ka iwi'aʻaʻa. Ua ninoieo o ka mua piʻo ma ka convex aoao o i kahi anterior lobe. Ma kaʻaoʻao ma loko oko glenoid fossa o ka lua o ka cervical vertebra odontoid kaʻina.

Mea Maluna Iho vertebra ma ka hope o ka piʻo mai he uuku nei iluna hapa - ka hope kuapuʻu. Ka Luna Nui articular kaʻina hana ma luna o ka piʻo auou caiaiai ma ka glenoid fossa ka'ololaha. Ka mea, e hui pu i na condyles o ka occipital iwi. E like me ka lalo articular keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ka lua, a i pili i ka mea e hiki mai ana vertebra.

Axis

Ka lua o ka cervical vertebra - Axis a epistrophe - e hoʻomōhala ana i kekahi odontoid aia i loko o ka luna o kona kino. Ma kēlā me kēiaʻaoʻao appendages i ke ami hoi surfaces iki convex shape.

Kēia mau ho'ākāka 'ia no ka vertebral' ole i ke kumu o ka ai ka hoʻoneʻe. Axis Radio pela ke kūlana o ke kuapo iho (axis), a me ka Mea Maluna Iho ua unuhi pu me ka iwipoo.

ʻO nāʻiʻo o ka cervical spine

I loko nō o ka 'ano uuku nui, waiwai i loko o ke kanaka'ā'ī nāʻiʻo o kekahi? Ueo. Eia i kia i ka malamalama, meakino, hohonu kīloi paʻewa nāʻiʻo a me ka medial pūʻulu. Lākou mau papa hana i loko o kēia wahi - e paʻa ana i ke poo, ina olelo a me ka moni 'ia.

Nāʻiʻo ae e malama i kona poo, e flick, e paʻi ia, ale a me ka hanu. Ua 'ano ua ālai lākou ulu osteochondrosis o ka cervical spine a? Ienoai aa koko a hiki i ka lolo.

'ā'ī fascia

Aie i ke 'ano o ke kino maalo ae la oia ma keia wahi, i ka'anatomia o ka ai paipai i ke alo o ka connectiveʻili lahilahi i hoʻohaiki ana a me ka malama i ka nā loko, ipu koko, nä olonä a me nā iwi. He he hehee ai o ka "pahee" iwi hana trophic a kākoʻo i hana '. Fascia kaula hō'ā me aa koko lehulehu o ka ai, me ka hiki hāʻawi ana iā lākou intertwine i kekahi i kekahi, i e olelo hooweliweli aku i kekahi kanaka ma ka 'aʻe' ana i ka venous outflow.

Lākou me nā hale o laila, huikau i ka'anatomia ua variously i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ke kākau. E noonoo i kekahi o ka maliuia Mea Maluna, ma a ka ai pili aku fascia iwi māheleʻia i loko o:

1. Ili honua - wehe, he ole kau palena ia ana platysma. Ua hele mai o ka ai a hiki i ka maka, a me ka pahu.
2. Iho - ua pili i ka lalo ke alo o ka sternum a me ka clavicle, a me ka luna i ka mea kino iwi, a me ka mandible, a laila, kolo ana i ka maka kahi. Ma kaʻaoʻao hoʻi o ka'ā'ī, ua pili i ka spinous keʻano o ka hanaʻana o vertebrae.
3. Aponeurosis scapuloclavicular - ka mea ku pono e like me ka trapezoid, a ua hoolilo ma waena o nāʻaoʻao o ka omohyoid Muscle, a me ka hyoid iwi, a me ka haawi i ka lewa ma waena o ka lalo ili i loko o ka sternum, a me nā clavicles. He uhi i ke alo o ka larynx, thyroid gland a me ka trachea. E like me ka midline o ka'ā'ī scapuloclavicular aponeurosis merges me kona mau fascia, ho okumu i ke keʻokeʻo laina.
4. Vnutrisheynuyu - envelops a pau i ka na nā loko o ka'ā'ī, ma ninoieo ka ia manawa o nā māhele: ka visceral a me ka parietal. Ka mea mua e pani kino kēlā me kēia pākahi, a me ka hope pu.
5. Peredpozvonochnuyu - i nā uhi nāʻiʻo lōʻihi o ke poo a me ka ai, a merges me ka aponeurosis.

Fascia kaʻana like 'ana a me ka hoʻopale ai i nā wahi likeʻole o ka'ā'ī, pela hikiʻole i ka "hilahila" o na moku, nä olonä a me nāʻiʻo.

koko

'ā'ī moku i ka outflow o venous koko, mai ke poo a me ka ai. Ka mea, i hooku iho la ia me ka mawaho, a na jugular aa koko. Koko kahe ana i loko o ka pā ipu ai i loko o ka wahi o ka pepeiao, i kaʻili ma luna o ka scapula a me ke alo o ka ai. A wahi mamua collarbone ia i hoʻohuiʻia ia me ka subclavian a me na jugular aa koko. Ka hope hoʻi e ho'ōla e hoʻomōhala ana i mua i ke kumu o ka ai, a ua maheleia i mau brachiocephalic aa koko akau a me ka lima hema.

'ā'ī moku, a oi loa aku hoi na jugular Vienna, pāʻani nui he kūlana ma ka hematopoiesis keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Ua originates i loko o ke kumu o ka puniu wale no , a ua hoʻohana 'ia e omo i ke koko o nā ipu a pau o ka lolo. Kona hoʻokupu ma ka'ā'ī i kekahi: kūlana thyroid, lingual lehalehu t, superficial kino ana ae, occipital Vienna. Ma ka'ā'ī kŰlń ao carotid artery, i na lala ma keia paena hana ole.

'ā'ī nā aʻalolo plexus

Nā aʻalolo lakou diaphragmatic'ā'ī,ʻili, a me ka Muscle kanu'ōiwi a i aia ma ka mua eha cervical vertebrae. Ka mea hana i kekahi plexus, a originate ma ka cervical spinal nā aʻalolo. Muscle pūʻulu o nā aʻalolo innervate na nāʻiʻo i ke aupuni 'kokoke. Ka'ā'ī a me ka poohiwi ma ka mea o ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale hooauheeia aku. Phrenic nā aʻalolo e loli ai i ka neʻeʻana o ka diaphragm, pericardium a me ka pleura olona. Cutaneous na lala e ala ushnomu, occipital, a kīloi paʻewa supraclavicular nā aʻalolo.

lymph aka wahi

'ā'ī'anatomia nā māhele o ka lymphatic'ōnaehana o ke kino. Ma keia wahi, ka mea, ua i ka hohonu a me ka superficial aka wahi. Front o ia i kahi kokoke i ka jugular aa koko ma luna o ka superficial fascia. Deep lymph aka wahi mamua o ka ai, ua kokoke kino o ka i komo i ka lymph outflow, a me ia i ka mea ia inoa (thyroid, predgortannye a me ka m. P.). Kīloi paʻewa pūʻulu o nā aka wahi lakou retropharyngeal, jugular a me ka supraclavicular, e hiki mai ana no i ua aia ka maloko jugular Vienna. I ka hohonu lymph aka wahi i loko o ka'ā'ī lymph nōkahea ia lŘlŘ mai o ka waha, pharynx a me ka waena pepeiao, a me ka nasal lua. Ia manawa, i ka wai mua hele ma ka occipital aka wahi.

'ā'ī 'ole - eiiieaena, a me na millimeter manaʻo ano. E kau ana o plexus nä olonä a me nā ipu koko o ka lolo hoʻohuiʻia ai ka hana, a me ka periphery. nā aʻalolo, nāʻiʻo, ipu koko, lymph ducts a me nā aka wahi, glands, spinalʻaha, loa "lawe lima" spine: I kekahi hapa uuku wale no o na kanaka kino e koke a pau e hiki ai oihana mua o ka nenoai a me nā loko ke aupuni '.