Anatomia o ka'ōpū. 'Ole a me ka hana ana o na kanaka'ōpū

Kanaka'ōpū - i ka papa kuhikuhiE? Aieeeua no ka ho'āhu i ke kino o ka meaʻai. Inā i ke kino, aole ia i i na nona iho, e like me ka opu, ua makemake ai a pau i ka manawa,ʻaʻole pono kekahi mau manawa o ka lā. Ua hoi o ka Naauao no ka hui o kaʻakika, mucus a me ka digestive nā'ūhū e kōkua hōʻuluʻulu a sanitize mākou ai i waho pūnaewele.

loa'anatomia

He aha ka ka'ōpū i kānaka? Keia ua hoʻokōʻia, puha hui,. Where ka'ōpū i kānaka? Ua Ua Aia ma lalo o ka diaphragm ma ka hapa hema o ka abdomen.

Ka 'ole o ke kanaka kino, he mea e ka'ōpū ua aia ma waena o ka esophagus a me ka duodenum.

'ōpū -, ua kīkoʻo akula hapa o ka gastrointestinal'āpana, a i ka crescent shape. Ua piha o wrinkles, hoike mai ia iā mākou me wrinkles ( 'ole nā pā) kona ma loko, ahu iho. He mau loko ae ia ia e hohola i ka pono i loko o ka mea nui wale i kaʻai o ka ai, a laila, malie kolo ana ma ka digestive kaʻina.

I ka palapala a me ka papa, i ka kanaka'ōpū hiki ke maheleia i eha māhele:

1. ka esophagus hoʻohuiʻia i ka'ōpū i loko o ka uuku wahi i kapaia ka cardia. He He haiki, Tube-e like loa, i ae i loko o ka lehulehu lua - i ke kino o ka'ōpū. Cardia oia no ka lalo esophageal sphincter, e like me ka pae o ka Muscle'aʻaʻa i aelike, e malama i ka ai a me kaʻakika i loko o ka'ōpū.

2. Cardiac i hookaawale ae i loko o ke kino o ka opu, a 'ano apau loa ke kikowaena hapa, a kiekie loa.

3. E like ma luna o ka na¯ haʻawina māhele o ke kino ua ike ia kona lalo.

4. Eia ke kino ka pylorus. Keia hapa hoʻohuiʻia ka'ōpū i ka duodenum, a he pyloric sphincter a hoʻi iā ke kahe ana o ka hapa 'ia' hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo ai (chyme) mai o ka'ōpū, a loko o ka duodenum.

Microscopic'anatomia o ka houpo

Microscopic Ka Ikepili hōʻike i ka 'ole o ka opu, ka mea, ua i mai o kekahi mau hoʻokaʻawale papa o'aʻaʻa: ka mucosa, submucosa, a me ka Muscle serous.

mucosa

I ka pahale loko, ahu iho ua haku loa o gastric mucosa mea he mea epithelial'aʻaʻa me ka ai iiiaanoaa o exocrine keena. i kapaia Small ili gastric lua pihaʻi me na mea he nui exocrine aeee i paka digestive nā'ūhū a hydrochloricʻakika i loko o ka'ōpū. Mucous aeee ke aupuni 'ma ka mucosa a me ka gastric lua, pee mucus e hoʻopale ai i ka'ōpū mai o kona mau digestive secretions. Aie i ka hohonu o ka lua gastric mucosa i hanaʻia naʻe, i mea ole ka mucosa o nā nā loko o ka gastrointestinal'āpana.

Ka hohonu o ka mucosa mea he wiwi ahu iho la ka ala apuupuu Muscle - ka Muscle una honua. I ka mea, ano wrinkles a maoli he hui 'ana me ka mucosa o ka'ōpū Contents.

A puni ka mucosa i kekahi, ahu iho - submucosa. Ua ninoieo o connective'aʻaʻa, ipu koko a me nā aʻalolo. Connective nā'aʻaʻa kākoʻo mucosal 'ole a hoʻohui ia i ka Muscle, ahu iho. Submucosal koko kokuaia e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ke kokuaia mai e māhuaola a hiki i na paia o ka'ōpū. Ko mākou hopohopo'aʻaʻa i loko o ka submucosa o ka'ōpū Contents o ka pāʻana o, a hooponopono iho i ka laumania Muscle a me ka secretion o digestive waiwai.

muscular, ahu iho

Ke Muscle papa o ka opu submucosa hoopuni iho la me ka mea oi o ka'ōpū nuipa a. Muscular papa haku o 3 papa o ala apuupuu Muscle'aʻaʻa. Mau papa o nāʻalā Muscle e leie aku ka opu i ka aelike, e hui ai, a hōʻoniʻoni ia ma ka digestive'āpana.

serosa

Ke pā, ahu iho o ka opu, a puni Muscle'aʻaʻa ua kapaia ka serosa, i ua i ka poe noonoo ole squamous epithelium a me ka moe kolohe connective'aʻaʻa. Serous, ahu iho i ke ala apuupuu, i pahee ili, a hookuu aku oia i ke kinowai ai, lua huna,ʻikeʻia me serous loli. I laumania, pulu ili o ka serousʻili lahilahi kōkua hoʻopale ai i ka'ōpū mai ke kū'ē i kona mau anoe a me ka contraction.

'anatomia o na kanaka'ōpū ka manawa oi a emi kālaʻe. A pau i hōʻike luna, noonoo iki ma hope ma ke kiʻikuhi. Akā, mua, e ike mākou, aha i ka mana o ke kanaka'ōpū.

waho pūnaewele

Ma ka waha, ua nau a moisturizing paa ai a ka mea lilo i ka homogeneous nuipa a me ke kinona o ka uuku poepoe. I ko mākou kino kēlā me kēia mea poepoe, ia lohi ae ma ka esophagus i ka opu, a ua waiho pu me ke koena o ka ai'āpana.

Ka buke o na kanaka opu loli aʻe, akā, ma ka awelika ia mea hiki ke komo 1-2 nā lika o ka wai aʻai a me ka mea e kokua digestion. I ka wā o ka'ōpū ua hohola i ka hailona o ka ai, ka mea hiki ke hoahu mai i 3-4 nā lika. Distended'ōpū ana digestion pilikia. No ka hiki ole hiki wawe ka e hoemi ia i ka lua, e hui i ka ai pono, e hele aku ai i ka manao o ka discomfort. Ka buke o na kanaka'ōpū, ua hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka makahiki a me ke ano o ke kino.

Ma hope, ua piha i ka gastric lua me ka ai, ka mea, ua mālama no kekahi 1-2 hola. I keia manawa, i ka'ōpū mau ka digestive kaʻina hana, a hoomaka iho la ma ka waha, a e leie aku ka naʻau liʻiliʻi, pancreas, ka laau awaawa, a me ka bladder ake hoʻomaka e hoomakaukau no ka hoʻopauʻana i ke kaʻina hana.

I ka pau ana o ka'ōpū pyloric sphincter hoʻi i ka neʻeʻana o kaʻai i loko o ka naʻau liʻiliʻi. E like me ka rula, ka mea, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO pani, e malama i kaʻai, a me ka hoʻokaʻawale o ka'ōpū. Once chyme makaukau e haʻalele i ka opu, ka pyloric sphincter wehe e ae he uuku nui o undigested ai, e hele aku i loko o ka duodenum. Loko o 1-2 hola, i kēia kaʻina ua hai lohi a, a hiki i ka holoʻokoʻa hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo ai na lau o ka'ōpū. Ke kali iki mai o ke kalaʻana aku o ke chyme kōkuaʻana i ka decompose ia i loko o kona eiiiiiaiou, a hoʻonui loa digestion a me omo o māhuaola i loko o ka gut.

secretion

Ka opu produces a malama i ka helu o ka nui 'ona e kū ai digestion. Kēlā me kēia no ia i exocrine a endocrine keena ma ka mucosa.

Gastric exocrine ka papa kuhikuhiE huahana o ka gastric wai - i ka läÿau, o ka mucus, hydrochloricʻakika a me ka digestive nā'ūhū. Gastric wai ua kawili pu ia me kaʻai i loko o ka'ōpū, e kokua digestion.

Hana kūikawā exocrine mucosal keena - mucous keena mucus hūnā i loko o nā pā, a gastric lua. Kēia mucus kŰlń ao ma ka mucosal luna, e uhi i ka naʻau o ka opu manoanoa, hoʻopale i kaʻakika a me nā'ūhū ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai. Gastric mucus mea i waiwai i loko o bicarbonate Ion a neutralize ka pH-ololi o gastricʻakika.

Parietal keena ma ka gastric lua, ka hana nui nā mea hoʻohui elua: kūʻiʻoo ololi a hydrochloricʻakika. Waiwai kūʻiʻoo ololi mea he glycoprotein mea e hoopaa ana i ka wikamina B12 i loko o ka'ōpū, a kokua ia ia e ke kemu ma ka uuku liʻiliʻi. Wikamina B12 mea he nui nutrient no ka ho okumu ana o erythrocytes.

Keʻakika i loko o ke kanaka'ōpū i malama ma ka pepehi pathogenic koʻohune i nā makana ma kaʻai mākou kino. Ua hoi kōkua hōʻuluʻulu nā polokina, e hoano hou ana ia lakou i loko o ka piha palapala i ka hiki pono o ka lawelawe nā'ūhū. Pepsin - ka'ūhū digesting kumuʻiʻo ua wale ho'ā 'ia paha ma lalo o ka aoao o hydrochloricʻakika i loko o ka'ōpū.

no hoi n aeee i loaʻa i loko o gastric lua paka mau digestive'ūhū: pepsinogen a me gastric lipase. Pepsinogen mamua lātoma ka loa ikaika, he kumuʻiʻo digesting'ūhū - pepsin. No ka makemake ua luku pepsin na keena nui e paka ia, a me ka ia,ʻo ia hūnāʻia i loko o ka palapala o ka pepsinogen, i mea ole pilikia loa. I ka pepsinogen ua ua hoʻomaopopo me kaʻakika pH-ololi, a ua hookomoia ma gastricʻakika, ia hoʻololi shape a liloʻeleu pepsin'ūhū e pio nā polokina i loko o'amino nāʻakika.

Gastric lipase mea he'ūhū i hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo bipi kūpaluʻia, wehe i ka momomaʻakika, mai ka triglyceride nā lātoma.

G-keena o ka'ōpū - endocrine keena Aia ma ke kumu o ka gastric lua. G-aeee paka i ka hōmona gastrin i loko o ke koko ma ka pane ana i na mea he nui stimuli, e like me lepa, mai ka vagus nā aʻalolo, i ke alo o ka'amino nāʻakika i loko o ka'ōpū o ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo nā polokina ole aku i ka'ōpū pā ana kaʻaiʻana. Gastrin holo ÿana ma ke koko i kekahi mea loaʻa keena a puni o ka opu, a me kona papa kuhikuhiE hana - e hoʻoulu i ka prostate a me ka'ōpū nāʻiʻo. Waiwai ma luna o Ka maʻi 'aʻai gastrin hiki aku ai i ka mahuahua ana ma gastricʻakika secretion, i hoonui ae i digestion. Gastrin stimulation o ala apuupuu Muscle ka poʻea pau i ikaika contractions o ka'ōpū, a me ka weheʻana o ka pyloric sphincter e hoʻoneʻe i kaʻai i loko o ka duodenum. Gastrin i hiki hoʻoulu keena ma ka pancreas a me ka laau awaawa, bladder, kahi e kūpono ai ka secretion o ka wai a me ka bile.

E like me 'oe ke ike, i ke kanaka'ōpū nā'ūhū hana i kekahi kuleana pili i mea nui i loko o digestion.

digestion

Digestion i loko o ka'ōpū hiki ke maheleia i mau papa: me mechanical, a Nine Inch digestion. Mechanical digestion - ole wale i ka physical kaawale ana o ka meaʻai nuipa i loko o liʻiliʻi apana, a me ka Nine Inch - huli ana o ka nui nā lātoma i loko o liʻiliʻi nā lātoma.

• Mechanical digestion mea ku pono i ka paʻipaʻiʻia ai e hana o ka'ōpū pā. Kona ala apuupuu nāʻiʻo aelike, no laila, apana o ka ai i kāwili pūʻia me ka gastric wai, i nā hualoaʻa ma ka ho okumu ana o ka wai a manoanoa - chyme.

• I ka noonoo ana i ka ai o ka hoʻopā 'hui me ka gastric wai, nā'ūhū i hiki mai ma loko o laila, chemically hoopili nui nā lātoma i uuku subunits ona. Gastric lipase, mai hemo mai ia mea momona triglycerides i momoma nāʻakika a me diglycerides. Pepsin, mai hemo mai nā polokina i uuku'amino nāʻakika. Nine decomposition, hoomaka iho i loko o ka opu, aole i pau i like loa me ke chyme aʻole i hāʻule i loko o ka naʻau liʻiliʻi.

Akā, i ka hana o ka'ōpū o ke kanaka, 'aʻole e kaupalena i ka digestion.

hormones

Activity o ka'ōpū mea ma lalo o ka hooponopono ana o ka helu o ka hormones e hooponopono i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka opuʻakika a me ka hoʻokuʻu o ka ai i loko o ka duodenum.

• Gastrin ua i mai o G-keena o ka opu, maoli kona hope ma ka noho haumāna kahi i ulu i loko o ka helu o gastric wai hua, Muscle contraction a emptying o ka'ōpū ma ka pyloric sphincter.

• Cholecystokinin (CCK) ua hana duodenal mucosa. No ka hōmona i ka lohi o ka emptying o ka'ōpū ma ka hoemi i ka pyloric sphincter. CCK ua hookuu ia ma muli o ka ai waiwai ma ka kumuʻiʻo a me ka momona, ia mea loa paʻakikī e hōʻuluʻulu ma ke kino. FCS apono 'ai i loko o ka'ōpū hou e waiho waho no ka oi hoʻokolokolo pono digestion, a haawi mai i ka manawa o ka pancreas a me ka laau awaawa, bladder e hookuu bile a me nā'ūhū i ka hoʻoikaika' ana digestion i loko o ka duodenum.

• Secretin - kekahi hōmona hua mai la ia e ka duodenal mucosa, e pane ai i kaʻakika o ke chyme e hele mai ana, mai ka'ōpū i loko o ka naʻau liʻiliʻi. Secretin koko ae ma ka opu, kahi e 'aʻole hoʻi i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o gastric wai exocrine glands mucosa. Secretin stimulates ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o pancreatic wai a me ka bile, i pihaʻi me bicarbonate Ion antacids. Ke AIM o ka secretin mea intestinal palekana mai ka palapala hopena oʻakika chyme.

'ōpū kanaka: kukulu ana i na

Formally, ua i ua kama'āina i ka'anatomia a me ka hana ana o na kanaka'ōpū. E mākou noonoo ma ke ala o ke kaha kiʻi, ka'ōpū kahi i kekahi kanaka mea a mea ia mea.

Kii 1:

Kēia ki i depicts he kanaka opu, i 'ole hiki ke noʻonoʻo i hou au mamuli. Aia i hāliu aku:

1 - esophagus; 2 - ka lalo esophageal sphincter; 3 - cardia; 4- kino'ōpū; 5 - i ka lalo o ka'ōpū; 6 - serosa; 7 - he lonikū, ahu iho; 8 - hoʻopoepoe, ahu iho; 9 - kēlā, ahu iho; 10 - o ka nui curvature; 11 - loko o mucousʻili lahilahi; 12 - i ka lua o na pylorus; 13 - Kanal pylorus; 14 - pyloric sphincter o ka'ōpū; 15 - duodenum; 16 - o ka poʻe kiaʻi puka; 17 - o ka uuku curvature.

Kii 2:

Ma kēia kiʻi i ka'anatomia o ka'ōpū mea maopopo i nanaia. Oeeo? Ia:

1 - esophagus; 2 - ka gastric fundus; 3 - i ke kino o ka'ōpū; 4 - nui curvature; 5 - lua; 6 - i ka poʻe kiaʻi puka; 7 - ka duodenum; 8 - uuku curvature; 9 - cardia; 10 - gastroesophageal huina.

Kii 3:

Ua hōʻike i ka'anatomia o ka'ōpū, a me ka wahi o kona lymph aka wahi. Oeeo? Hoʻopili like e:

1 - ka luna pūʻulu o lymph aka wahi; 2 - pancreatic pūʻulu o nā aka wahi; 3 - pyloric pūʻulu; 4 - haʻahaʻa pae pyloric aka wahi.

Kii 4:

Ma kēia kiʻi 'oe ke' ike i ka 'ole o ka'ōpū pā. Aia i hāliu aku:

1 - serosa; 2 - He lonikū muscular, ahu iho; 3 - hoʻopoepoe Muscle, ahu iho; 4 - mucosa; 5 - He lonikū muscular ahu iho la ka mucosa; 6 - hoʻopoepoe muscular ahu iho la ka mucosa; 7 - glandular mucosal epithelium; 8 - na moku ke koko; 9 - hao'ōpū.

Kii 5:

O ka holo ana, me ka 'ole o ke kanaka kino ma ka hope huahelu mea i nanaia, akā, i ka He kokekau wale wahi o ka'ōpū i loko o ke kino hiki ke noʻonoʻo.

Kēia kiʻi mea he hana hoihoi. Eia i hōʻike i ka'anatomia o ke kanaka'ōpū a me kekahi mea e like ana, e like nae kekahi mau māhele o ka mea hiki nō ke noʻonoʻo. Kēia huahelu hōʻike i ka heartburn, a i ka wā e hana.

1 - esophagus; 2 - ka lalo esophageal sphincter; 3 - emi o ka'ōpū; 4 - gastricʻakika, pu me kona Contents ua hookiekie ae ia i loko o ka esophagus; 5 - He ahi aloha i loko o ka pahu a me ka puʻu.

I rula, i ke kiʻi pono hōʻike ka hana ka wā heartburn a me ka hou wehewehe 'aʻole koi' ia.

kanaka opu, nā kiʻi o i i hōʻike mai iā ia ma luna, ia mea he mea nui hui, i loko o ko mākou kino. Ole ia, e hiki ke ola, akā, i kēia ola mea olelo lealea, e puku i ka piha. Mea pōmaikaʻi, i ko makou manawa, e hiki ke pale aku i na pilikia ma wale kekahi manawa 'ana gastroenterologist. 'Eleuʻike, o ka maʻi, e kōkua i ka koke kiʻi pohaku uinihepa, o ka mea. Importantly, mai tighten i ka hele i ke kauka, a ina i kekahi mea eha, oe e koke hoʻohuli i keia pilikia i ke akamai.