Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka Competition i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai. Monopolistic Competition: ano he kumu hoʻohālike

Këia 'aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai, eʻalo nā haumāna me ke kau like me Competition. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike Hiki ke loaʻa i loko loa kekahi wahi o ka 'epekema. Ma ka moʻokalaleo ma lalo o ka Competition maopopo i ka hakakā ma waena o kahi kuai aku i komo. Ma kēia 'atikala oe e aʻo mea e e Competition ma ke kuai, examples, a me na kumu o kona akea maikai.

No ka laʻana, he ka hakakā kūʻai o'ālike waiwai. Kēlā me kēia no ia mea hoihoi nā mea kūʻai mai, e kuai i huahana mai ia, e makemake ana ia ma mua o ka competitor. Ma ka 'atikala, na huaolelo "kuai" a me "ka hoʻohua" e hoʻohana' e ma ka like Hawaiʻi, e hoike ana i ko lakou poe, i hoakaka lawelawe.

Ka clearest laʻana o ka Competition i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai, he maikaʻi ia e ike i ka poe kuai Hoʻohana ma i ka Hookah i ulu.

Aia he mau ke ano o ka Competition: hemolele a me ka imperfect.

hemolele Competition

Ma ka hoʻomaopopo aku me he market ano ma i ole i kekahi mea e loli i ke kumukuai o ka waiwai. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo aku i ka waiwai o ka waiwai me ka nānā 'ana wale no ka lilo ana o kona? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Me kēiaʻano o ka Competition, aole hoi ke aupuni, aole hoi na kanaka kūʻai aku mai e aloha ia kumu kūʻai.

Ma ka papa moku'āina o ka makeke ana, aole ia i hoʻomaka ai lea Competition. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka mea hiki wale ke loaʻa i loko o nā puke. Ma ke kuai ma he mea Competition, he pono e he nui helu o ke kanaka kūʻai aku e hana like ma ka ano o ka waiwai.

Paha ina ia he market ola, ka mea makemake i nana e like i keia la i ka hoʻok & onipaa no. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike makemake e he wahi okoa, akā, i ka i loko o ka manaʻo e koe i ka ia.

Wale i loko o kēiaʻano hiki sensibly i ke kumukuai o ka waiwai. Eia hou, e imi kūʻai, e hoomahuahua i kona market kaʻana like ma ka hoʻomaikaʻi i nā 'ano o nā waiwai, nā lawelawe, ke kūʻai akuʻana pāʻoihana.

Imperfect Competition. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o na ano, a me

Ma imperfect Competition mea nui oi huikau ma mua i loko o ka mua palapala. He nui kekahi mau mea kiko'î mea i emi iho i kēia moku'āina o Competition i loko o ke kuai - mai ka moku'āina rula o nā kumukūʻai i kekahi mau conspiracies nui market âlapa pôhili. Kaulikeʻole Competition, examples o i i helu 'ia ma lalo iho nei, hele aku ai i stagnation o? Iecaianoaaiiuo, a aole e paipai hana e hoʻomōhala.

Ua Ua maheleia i loko o kekahi mau iiaciiie? Ano: monopoly, monopolistic Competition, oligopoly. E mai ia ia ia i kekahi e kekahi.

monopoly

Kēia subspecies ua manaoia e ia i ka piha e ku pono ana ia i mea like me ka hemolele Competition. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike Hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka aila a me ka kinoea kaiaulu. Monopoly hoʻohuʻu i ke ola ana ma ke kuai ana o kekahi mea kūʻai aku lawelawe. Kēia paha ia ma ka 'āina', āina o ke ao pae. Kēiaʻano o ka ai-kapaia "kaulikeʻole Competition." Ano he kumu hoʻohālike i e like penei: lako, ka halihali ana i maoli kinoea,? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka aila a me na mea e ae.

OAXA kumu o keia Competition:

1. Ka mea wale nō mea kūʻai aku. No ka laʻana, i loko o ka'ōpū i market hiki e hoʻokahi wale wahine kuai i ka maiʻa. A pau, e kūʻai wale, mai ona aku, a ma luna o kona mau hua'ōlelo, no ka mea, na kanaka kūʻai aku wale mai i 'ole ka mea i pāpā' ia ma ke kanawai.
2. Na wale huahana ma ke kuai. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo aku i analogs o ka waiwai kuai ma laila, aʻaʻohe kekahi hiki ole ke auou caiaiai.
3. Aia ka i noa komo i ka makeke no nā mea kūʻai. Kēia kahuaʻano nui ka hana no ka mea, o na kapu e i hoʻonohoʻia e ke aupuni. Ia mea, aole e ole preconditions a loio i manawa kūpono no ka functioning o ka makeke i nā hana i loko o ka monopoly wahi.

Koke ia e ke kaulana ia aia no he mea he mea like me ka maoli (maoli) monopoly. He He subspecies o monopoly Competition, a ua pinepine i hanaʻia eʻimi hoʻopunipuni 'ana. Nō kāu, e like me ka monopoly hana ka moku'āina wale no o ka oi nui o ka waiwai o luna o ka io ka manawa ihola. Oia examples o Competition i loko o Rusia: AOA "Gazprom", OJSC "Rosneft".

He nui economists aelike ana, functioning ana ma ke kuai, monopoly hana i ole hoihoi i loko o ka hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mea e like ai o kona lawelawe, e like me ka mea, aole e pono no keia. Me keia mea mahuʻi mea debatable, no ka mea, he mea mau i loko o i ka functioning o ka oicyenoaaiiieʻaoʻao mea wale inefficient paha i hiki 'ole.

monopolistic Competition

Monopolistic Competition, examples no i hiki ke loaʻa ma ka aneane kekahi wahi o ka hoʻokele waiwai, hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o nā wahi i loko o i hana i ka puu o ka mea kūʻai. Kanaka kūʻai aku kuai like huahana i loko o kā lākou mauʻano, akā, na nā huahana hiki ole ke manaoia'ālike, a me ka mea hiki ole loa e puku i na waiwai-nā kānaka hoʻokūkū.

Ma ka makeke i ka i loaʻa i kekahi monopolistic Competition, i kā lākou mau 'ano i maopopo ia:

1. Ke alo aku o kekahi mau huahana i mea like i loko o ka hapanui ano. Ia mea, ke kuai ua piha i homogeneous huahana. Akā, kēlā i kekahi mau ano, a me ka puku ia i kekahiʻano o ka 100% mea,ʻaʻole hiki.
2. Ke alo ma ka makeke o ka helu nui o nā mea kūʻai. No ka laʻana, Manufacturers o ka home o nā mīkini home, he nui, akā, ke? Iecaianoaaiiie o kela a me keia o ia i konaʻanoʻenehana hiʻona.
3. Nui Competition i waena o nā mea kūʻai, i ua ole lewa i loko o kā lākou mau kumu kūʻai kūkulu 'ia, wahi a i ke kuai i ka monopolistic Competition. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike hiki ke kipaku ia no ka lōʻihi manawa, akā, i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea - i ka mea, aole loa ae pani huahana. E ka hele hoʻi a hiki i ka ia o nā polokalamu kīwī. Manufacturers i mau ka hoʻomaikaʻi 'enehana lākou. poe a hiki i ka poe i paka'ōlelo koʻikoʻi akulaʻo iaʻano o nā polokalamu kīwī, i kekahi mau kumukūʻai. Ka mea kūʻai mai i loko o ka wahi mua, aole e kuai i ka manaʻo, a me ka momoku ahi i ua hilinaʻi. Nolaila, Manufacturers i ole oukou i kaʻu mea uku noonoo ana i na kala o nā kānaka hoʻokūkū, e like me ka mea paha e ma lalo hemolele Competition.
4. KŘpa a oluolu ke kōkua o ke komo ana o ka hou kanaka kūʻai aku. O ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai i keia, he mea uuku ia kekahi mea maoli manao e kii ia, hiki ke hana ia.

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike no nāʻano o ka Competition, i mea imperfect palapala, hiki ke loaʻa a hiki i kou kelepona - ka mea, 'o ka SIM kāleka mai kekahi lawe lima Aʻole. Kēia mea ma ka nui helu o ka poe e imi nei e,ʻo hou a me ka nui o ka hailona ana i nā mea kūʻai mai.

oligopoly

Oligopoly kapa i kēiaʻano o ka Competition, i ka wa a kekahi mau makeke hana uuku helu o ka nui kanaka kūʻai aku, hoʻokūkū ana i kekahi i kekahi. 3-4 Inā e hiki ke hoakaka hālāwai Customer koi nui poʻe, a laila e loaʻa i kēia market na kēia mau hiʻona oligopoly:

1. Market huahana hiki e homogeneous a me ka differentiated. Ma keia hihia, he homogeneous oligopoly huahana nā pahu metala oihana puolo. Mea a ka Hookah, kila hiki ole ke i hanana. Ia huahana o kekahi poe hiki ke pau UAIAaIN ma nā huahana.
   Lakou i mea hoike o ka paka monopoly differentiated poepoe. Uahi paka, hoʻowahāwahā lākou mau mea like, i kā lākou mau 'ano. Na waiwai hiki ke auou caiaiai wale hapa 'ia'.
2. High hopena ma luna o ke kumukuai o ka ukana kanaka kūʻai aku. Aie i ka mea i na wahine kuai i ka nui Hoʻohana, ua hiki ke olelo aku i ka manao o kekahi o ka mea nui âlapa pôhili i ka pololei hopena ma luna o ka mea a pau kuai.
3. Ke komo ana o ka hou kūʻai i nā pale kaʻa, akā nō maoli. Aia i hoʻokumu i ka Ahaolelo kiʻekiʻe, ka mea likeʻole e pono ai no na mea kūʻai, ma lalo a hamama ainooiii e komo i ke kuai.

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike nā Competition Rusia: ke kaiaulu o kaʻaila, a me ka ikehu kumu.

Nō hoʻi, mākou e hōʻike 'ia i kekahi mau kumu ano paha manaʻo i loko i loaʻa e likeʻole o nā imperfect Competition. nō kekahi o lākou loa ai maoli, a me kekahi - i hanaia artificially ma na kūʻai a me ka moku'āina.

Eono aoao e ku mai.

aneiai ala

Kēia alanui o ka hopena maoli o mea Competition ka nui âlapa pôhili. Ke kiʻekiʻe, ka poe omoʻia kekahi i kekahi, e māhuahua ka nui. Over manawa, âlapa pôhili ma ke kuai ua noho uuku, a me ka aoao o kela mea keia mea o ia maoli.

Kēia papa hana o ka noho pilikia loa, no ka mea, ua hiki collusion waena mau mea e hanaʻi, e hoala mai i ka uku o ka waiwai, a ua hana mau. State oi loa e kiai i ka market, ma laila nō i 'ano like LIKE na pono o ka poe noonoo ole hoʻohana i ka hoomalu, a me ia ua mau kumukūʻai Ua kupono.

hoʻolaha ala

Eia he laʻana, "Coca Cola-". Hoʻolaha o keia inu mea ai like a me ka versatile i ka mea hiki ke loaʻa mai'ō a'ō. Ma muli o ka nui-unahiʻole, i hoʻolaha kai eʻe, Coke manao e inu i na kao, a kokoke i na makua. A HA lehulehu e pili ana i ka "Ho 'Oponopono" i ka poe e, aole loa hōʻike, i inu i ka kanaka, a me nā hana. A me ka hopena - ka loaʻaʻana Coca Cola-mea,ʻaʻole ma laila pono no ka like 'ikamu.

kū hoʻokahi, ke ala

Kekahi poʻe, e hali ana mai kona hana, mau hoʻoikaika 'ana i? Iecaianoaaiiie keʻano o ka hanaʻana, ke kālele' ana ma kū hoʻokahi loea. A pau i kēia hiki aku ai i ka mea i kēia mau poe e hoomaka ana e ku mai iwaena o na mea e ae - ka mea, hiki paka hou waiwai ma mua o nā kānaka hoʻokūkū. Ma keia hihia, ke? Iecaianoaaiiie o kekahi pa alima o ka huakūʻai pana aku au i emi ke kala. Kēia hoʻohuʻu ka manawa kūpono o ka hoemi i ke kumukuai o ka waiwai, i mea fraught me ka ho'ēmiʻana i loko o ka lilo o ka waiwai i loko o kekahi mau nāʻoihana o ke kuai. Nā kānaka hoʻokūkū, e like ia paha ole, e e pio ia no hoi e oki i ke kumu kuai, paha, a hiki i ka wa e hana ma ke pohō.

ʻanoʻenehana Systems

Kēia alanui mea i 'ano like me ka hoʻonaʻauao kū hoʻokahi. Akā, ma ka moʻokalaleo ka mea, ua kaʻawale ia ma ke kaʻawaleʻano a me ka hoomaopopo ana ia lakou, e hoonui iecaianoaaiiuo ka hoʻokōʻana a me ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka' ike loea hou ma ka nui Manufacturers, i mau hiʻohiʻona nō ia e lawe mai i kekahi i oi aku hopena ma luna o ke kuai.

maoli ala

Aia nō kekahi mau mea i loko o a he mea he ai-kapaia maoli monopolies. Nui ia ia lŘlŘ i na hana ma kahi o ka he wahine kuai i ka mea hiki ke kū kaʻawale hālāwai i ka pono o ke kuai. No hoi, ka hoʻohana 'ana konaʻanoʻenehana nona iho, hiki ke hana no laila, ma ke kumu kuai i ka mea me ka nui loa haʻahaʻa ma mua o Loaʻaʻia nā kānaka hoʻokūkū.

State ala

Ka mea, o kekahi o ka loa io, allegedly Western economists. He typical, ma ka moku'āina o loa mea eʻoi aʻe, e hookupaa i ka piha mana ma luna o nā mea a pau e hana ana ma ke kuai. IeAUPIIe, IAa IO malalo i kūikawā ae i ka makeke i komo, me ka a ka poe makemake,ʻaʻole e hiki ke hana ma luna o laila. Ma ia he market Competition mea i kaupalena 'ole loa ia mea,ʻaʻole ma laila.

All ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka Competition i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai hōʻike i loaʻa nā kumu hoohalike ma ke kuai e hilinaʻi ana ma ka helu ana o komo, i ka nui o ka moku'āina ke kāohi o kekahi mau nāʻoihana o ka hoʻokele waiwai, lako, koi, a me ka 'ē aʻe.