Aristotle kea o ka moku'āina koe pili a hiki i kēia lā

Aristotle - kekahi o ka loa influential inoa ma ka kālaiʻike. A haumāna o Plato, ka mea halaʻole i nā aʻo o kona kumu, a me kona mau kula i hana, Aristotle i ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu Aleksandra Velikogo, a me kona mau manaʻo i alakaʻi ai i ka pili aupuni haʻawina o Macedon. E ku ae oe i kekahi mau laekahi sciences e like me pili aupuni 'epekema a me ka sociology, ka mea i Aristotle waiho, nā kaha puana'ī a me aphorisms mea e pili ana i kēia lā.

Kawaihae

Wā e hiki mai poe akeakamai nui hānau i loko o 384 BC. e ka. Kona makua kāne, Nicomachus (ma hope o ka mea a Aristotle hea aku i kana keiki, a paha i kona mau nā mea pono), hana like me ka kauka aliʻi i ka Makedonia Aha. Ke kulana o ka makua kāne hoʻoholo i ke kakahiaka nui hoike o Aristotle me Philip II o Macedon, ka makua kāne o Alexander. Philip ku iho la ma na kumu o ka heyday o ka Teselonike i moku'āina, a hiki wale i ka wā kamaliʻi a me ka wa opiopio o Aristotle.

I kakahiaka adolescence, Aristotle waiho me ka makua kāne, akā, ka mea, ua he waiwai hoʻoilina, i ae i ke kanaka'ōpiopio i i kū ana lākou hoʻonaʻauao. Mau makahiki ma hope, Aristotle neʻe ia Atenai, a hui i ka Platonic kula. He ua i ka haumāna, colleague a me ka hoa o Plato no iwakālua makahiki, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i loko o na mea he nui ka mahalo i kū'ē'ē 'oe me kona kumu.

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Plato, Aristotle haʻalele Athens, oia mare, a lilo i kumu Aleksandra Makedonskogo ma mua o kona 18th lā hānau. I loko nō o ka pono ma mua o ka kulekele, a ho okumu ana i kona kula iho o ka kālaiʻike, Aristotle koe kekahi kamaaina o Makedonia, a ua hoʻoikaika e haʻalele i ka Helene polis Alexander ka make ma hope. Poe akeakamai iho i make ai i ka makahiki ma hope o kāna haumāna kaulana.

Aristotle ka kālaiʻike

Ma waho o ka mea i na nā mea pono o Aristotle hoʻomohala, a lilo iho la ia i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka olelo kūpili, e pili ana i ka mea manaʻo manaʻo, lā i kēia lā, ua lilo no hoi oia i ka poe akeakamai wale o ka panina wā, e ho okumu i kekahi philosophical kahua. All spheres o ke kanaka ola - ontology, ka hoʻomana, sociology, kālai'āina, ke kālaikūlohea, ke kūpili, a hiki i ke kumu o ka laha ' loli ana i loko o kā lākou hana Aristotle. Kaha puana'ī e pili ana i ke ola, i laweʻia, mai kona hoiliili ole ai memoirs o kona mau haumāna a me nā hoapili noonoo i kona akamai a me ka walaau ole ka ike i loko o nā kula.

Aristotle kaukahi, no naʻimi naʻauao 'epekema - ka poe e hoʻolako wale ike. O nā ke kālaikūlohea, metaphysics, theology, a me ka makemakika. Nā mea pono a me nā kālai'āina - mea hiki 'epekema; ka ike i loaa, mai ko lakou kuka nei hiki ke noi i ka hana. Special ole i ke kālā no akeakamai i Aristotelian manaʻo e pili ana i ka moku'āina. I ka mea, lilo 'o ia i ka hiki ana o sociology a me ka pili aupuni' epekema.

Manaʻo a me Aristotle ka kea e pili ana i ka moku'āina

Aristotle ua he individualist a vigorously kū'ē i ka manaʻo o ko Plato ka maikaʻi moku'āina. O na mea aʻikepili mea e like me Plato ua "ʻaha hui uila". Ea ae ia e pono ole ma nā mea a pau - mai ka waiwai i kā lākou mau wāhine a me nā keiki. Aristotle mai la ia communism a me ka mare lehulehu e luku mai i ka moku'āina. Ma ke kumu o ka oko ikea Aristotle ka kaulana kea, "Plato o koʻu hoa, akā, ua dearer oiaio", a hoailona iho la i ka iki oi huikau i loko o ka palapala.

Aristotle ua he kākoʻo iā ia, o ka waiwai, noho kauā kuapaʻa, a me ka monogamy, oiai aole ia i manao i ka nohona kulana o kekahi mau pauku o ka moku'āina ma lalo, no ka laʻana, i poe kauwa, ka poe ilihune a me ka wahine. Ka makemake o ke kanaka, e noho i loko o ke kaiāulu kanaka, a ua hoʻokoʻikoʻiʻia i ka hanaia'na o ka mua o ka 'ohana, a laila, ke kaiāulu, a me ka hope moku'āina. Eia naʻe, i he kamaaina wau 'o ia hoʻi, e kau i ka moku'āina ma luna o kaʻohana a me ke kaiāulu.

Ke kumu a me ka ano o ka moku'āina

Aristotle paʻa mōʻaukala pähola 'ana o ka hanaia'na o ka moku'āina. E like me kona manaʻo, i ka hoʻomaka o ka moku'āina'ōnaehana i ke ano o ke kanaka - ka nohona ia, i pono ke kamaʻilio. kanaka ake e noho i pono oluolu a paha ke kumu o kona makemake no ka socialization. E like me ke Aristotle, ke kanaka, eʻaʻole pono e manawalea - ka mea, 'o ka holoholona, a me akua.

I mea e kū ai i ka hoʻokumu paʻa pono ai, i hiki ole ke loaʻa wale, kanaka - na kanaka a me na wahine - hui pū i loko o ka 'ohana. Ohana e noho ana kokoke i kahi hookahi, ho okumu i ke kaiaulu. Aia i kekahi mahele o ka hana, e loaa hou nenoaiu a me ka noho kauwa. A laila, ua ulu mau kaiaulu a me ka Hawaiʻi i loko o ka moku'āina. Aristotle kea o ko ke kanaka ka nohonaʻano mea like penei: "He kanaka, hiki paha, aole e noho i loko o ke kaiāulu - i ka holoholona a me ke akua, no ka mea, ua hala loa ia iho wale."

Aristotle hoʻohālikeʻana i ka moku'āina a me ke kino o ke kanaka, i ka i kēlā me kēia māhele o ke kino, kēlā hui, kēia hanaʻia kona mau kanaka hana: poo, lima, naau, etc. Nolaila Aristotle kea e pili ana i'ōnaehana: .. "ke kanaka hoʻokahi ke poo, a me ka moku'āina e kekahi aliʻi ". I ka manaʻo o ka hookahi meaola kumu no ka poe akeakamai e manaoio ma o ka nele o kekahi o kānaka a me nā pono kīvila o ke kanaka, e like me ka pono me ke kaawale ana o na mana iwaena o na lala. Ma ka rejection o ka hainā, wahi a Aristotle ke hoʻohana i ka hapanui Wiliama lokoino mea e nema aku, a me ka mea hiki ke hana i kekahi mea'ē aʻe akā, e luku i ko lakou mau moku'āina kānāwai, uaʻoi aku ko lākou ikaika, a incessant e hooponopono.