Bender pakaua: mōʻaukala, kiʻi, kaapuni kana

An poʻokela kia o kūlana pale kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka XVI kenekulia o ka Bender pā kaua. Photos o keia wahi paa, e like me hana hoihoi 'ike e pili ana i ka' aoʻao o kona waiwai mōʻaukala, oe e loaʻa i loko o kēia 'atikala.

Bender: hookumuia'na mai o ke kulanakauhale, a me ka hana ana o ka pakaua

Bender kūlanakauhale originated hanohano i loko o ka hoʻomaka o ka XV kenekulia. Mua ka mea i kapaia o Tighina (ma ke ala, a me ka Romanians Moldovans kekahi kapa ia ai nō). Ke kumu o ka wahi inoa hoʻoneʻe 'ia paha i ka hua'ōlelo "kikoo" e e pili, e like me ke ana ia ia iho i hele mai kahi kokoke i ka nui i kela kapa o ka Dniester.

Kapa hou i ke kulanakauhale ma o Tureke Bender, ka mea, ua pio ka kūloko aina i ka 1538. Ka mea,ʻo ka mea ia mau makahiki ma hope, a hoomaka ae la e hookupaa i ka ikaika pā 'aneʻi. ʻOiai ka mea, ua ike ia ma mua Bender e noho ana i loko o ke kūlana pale ciia o ka Moldavian King Shtefana Velikogo.

Bender pā Ua hoʻololiʻia ke kaulana kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Sinan, ka mea i kona lōʻihi (aneane he haneri makahiki) ke ola i kūkuluʻia ma luna o ekolu haneri hale i loko o ka laila Ottoman aupuni a pau. Ma ka mua USSR he mea kekahi kuhikuhipuʻuone kia o kona authorship - i ka Hale Pule Isalama Han-Jami ma Yevpatoria.

Impregnable pā Bender

Evliya Çelebi, ka mea kaulana Turkish hele o ka XVI kenekulia, e hāʻawi mai iā mākou i ka mua mōʻaukala ano o ka pā kaua i loko o ke kūlanakauhale Transnistrian. Bender pā kaua mea he typical Western Europa puʻukaua bastion type. hoomaka aneane koke kona kūkuluʻia ma hope o ke komo i ke kūlanakauhale i loko o ka awa. O ke kulanakauhale a ua mua hoʻopuniʻia ka hohonu moat a me kiʻekiʻe mau lala. Ka loa ua pā, a noho ana i ka nui ele o 67 aa, ua maheleia i mau māhele: luna, a malalo.

Manawa i kona Leeuwerikplein wahi, Bender pā ua lilo i kī KUMUMANAʻO NUI wahi no na makahiki. Nui ko iko io ka mea, pâʻani 'o ia i ka Lūkini-Turkish kaua.

I ka moolelo o Bendery pā hoʻomanaʻo ho'āʻo lehulehu i hana ino mai ia. Naʻe, ka hapanui o ia i lanakila. Up a na 1770s ka pā ua loa impregnable.

Ka pā kaua i ka Lūkini-Turkish kaua

Iloko o ka Lūkini-Turkish kaua o ka Lūkini poʻe hao wale, e like me ka makou i ike, ekolu lawe ana i kēia nui strategically pā kaua ma luna o nā kapa o ke Dniester. Mua i paʻa Bendery pā i ka 1770 lawe. Hana, a mau ae la oi ma mua o 60 mau lā, alakaʻiʻia Perth Panin. Nā attackers e hoʻokele e hoopau i kekahi o nā hale kiaʻi o ka hale käkela, ma hope a ka Lūkini makani ino mai ai. Iloko o ka hopu ana o ka pā Bender pepehi mai i ka 30% o ka poe koa a pau Panina - ma kahi o eono tausani koa. Naʻe, ua loaʻa i ka pahu hopu i ka hopena o Sepatemaba 1770, i ka makahiki Lūkini koa poe ma Bendery pā kaua kiʻi i loko o kona hopu.

Ma ke ala, i ka Russian Empress Ana II nema aku keia lanakila, e hea ana ia ia i ka Pyrrhic lanakila. Aka hoi, o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau, i ka make ana o keia nui mea ua he maoli pōʻino.

Mahope lawe Bender pā kaua Russian i wahi i ka 1789 a me ka 1806. Akā, laila, na mea a pau i hele ai me ke koko. No laila, i ka 1789 o ka poe kaua Lūkini ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o Grigoriya Potomkina i ia me ka paio, a me ka 1806 - ka pakaua i pio i ka hopena o ka maalea a me ka bribery Turkish pā kaua kiai o ia.

E like me ua ikeia, Lūkini-Turkish War pau loa ino no ka Ottoman aupuni a pau. Ma hope o kā lākou mau puka Rusia hoopomaikai io kona aoao ma ka aina ma Bessarabia.

Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi e pili ana i ka Bender pā kaua

Me keia kuhikuhipuʻuone kia a me ka puʻukaua ua pili i ka puu o ka hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo, a,ʻo iauaeoia oo? Ecia a hiki i ka pā kaua. nō kekahi o lākou iʻaneʻi:

• Bender pā ko kona kūlana pale hana pono mai ai i ka hopena o ka iwakalua kenekulia! E like i keia la, ka mea, ua hoʻonohoʻia kokoke i ke koa pa alima o ka unrecognized moku'āina - ka Pridnestrovian Moldavian Repubalika.
• Pā hālau a ma ka 1709 Ukrainian Hetman Ivan Mazepa a me Kuekene King Charles XII, ka poe i holo aku ma hope o ka make ma Poltava. Mazepa koke, a make ihola ia i 'aneʻi, ma ka outskirts o Bender, ma ke kauhale o Varnita.
• Me ka hookamaia o ka Bendery pā kaua ia mea ku pono i ka 1711 ai-kapa Europe ka mua kumukānāwai - ke Kumukanawai Pilipa Orlika, ka mea i ka hope o ka mea i make Mazepa.
• Ma Bendery pā kaua ia mea manawa hoopoipoi Museum - ka mea wale kekahi i loko o Transnistria.

Munchausen ka Kernel i loko o ka hale o ka pā kaua o Bendery

I mea ike i ka inventor kaulana a me ka adventurer Baron Munchausen - keia mea,ʻaʻole he fictionalʻano. Oia ke kanaka, ma lalo o ka ia inoa, ma laila maoli mea. Baron Munchausen mai ka German Bondenverdera ma ka waena o ka XVIII kenekulia, i mālama ai i loko o ka Lūkini kaua, a i kekahi i loko o ka hopu ana o Russian Bakhchisarai, Perekop, Khotin a me Yevpatoria. Akā, eia ka lawe i ka Russian nele Bendery pā i keia manawa, a me ke koa Sekotia lilo i ka hoike.

Ma mau, he poʻe haku moʻoleloʻo Munchausen hiki maʻalahi "lele" ma ka nucleus kaulana o kekahi pā kaua Eulopa. Akā, Bender mua sobrazili e hiki ke ana hoʻohana i ka hōʻike i kēia mōʻaukala. Ma ka hale o ka Bendery pā i hoʻokumu i ka loa kaʻao pū kani ahi mea poepoe, a lele Sakona Baron.

O kēia kūlana haʻahaʻa a me ka? Aeiino? O ka Bendery pā

I ka 2008, hoomaka ae la ka mua? Aaony nui-unahiʻole, i? Aeiino? Oeoey o ka pā kaua. I ka hookahi makahiki ma Bender pau keia la moʻolelo keaka wale hana ma ka lawe Bender wahi paa o lakou. Ma ka pā kaua kuni ihola ia i ka alley o Lūkini nani, hookupaaia Pilipa Orlika Kumukanawai hē, e like me ka mea kaulana barona Munchausen.

Ma ke pā e hana mau e neeaaia: ka mua - he ano o ka iau o ka hoʻokolokoloʻiaʻana, a me ka lua o ka mea e ike e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o Bendery hūlili. Mai ka Akuma ka o 2012 no na iauaeoia oo? Ecia souvenir shop, kahi, i ka nui, ka mea i hiki ke kūʻai i ka hana maʻamau pālolo a me ka lāʻau, i ka kūloko poe paahana.

Ma ka haule ana o ka 2013, i lilo ai i ka lua o ka nui? Aeiino? Oeoey o ka pā kaua o Bendery. I kekahi, hoomaka iho la makou hana ma ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone luna o nā hale kiaʻi elua. Eia hou, na Artists pena i ka interiors o ka pā kaua o ka luakini Aleksandra Nevskogo. Ma ke ala, keia mea o ka makahiki o ke kula ka ulu anaʻano ua i ka nui loa: i ka 2013 o ka pā i kipaʻia ma luna o ka 14 tausani kanaka.

I ka 2014 ma ka ?? eoi? O ka luna 'e e he nui ka pana huahelu, ma kela oo? Enonei-? Hiki ke hana mai i ka pana ana o ke kakaka a me crossbow, a haha aku e like me ka maoli medieval koa. I ka hookahi makahiki, hoomaka ae la ka hana ma luna o ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ka lalo o ka pā kaua. I kēia Bender pā kaua ua increasingly lilo ana i ka uʻi mākaʻikaʻi. Ka mea wale nō mea i hiki i hookahuli ai iauaeoia oo? Eciaʻaneʻi - keia mea he oihana koa pa alima hoonohoia kokoke. Oiai na koa i lōʻihi ua maʻa i ka iauaeoia oo? Ecia.

Bender pā kaua pio ma luna o A hehi ihola au, a banknotes like me ka Repubalika o Moldova a me ka Transnistrian alihi kaua. No laila, i ka Rock hiki ke ike ma na bila i loko o ka 100 Moldovan ka lei a me 25 Transnistrian rubles. Eia hou, i ka pā kaua ua depicted ma souvenir 100-ruble dala hoopukaia ma Transdniestria i ka 2006.

Bender pakaua hele, oiai ka

O na makahiki hou aku, a oi iauaeoia oo? Ecia, mai kokoke a kahi lōʻihi aku,ʻo ke kulanakauhale o Bendery. O ka holo ana, ke kikowaena hiʻona'āina o ka inoa o ka mea kaulana Bendery pā kaua. Hele i ka pakaua - o ka pono ala e aʻo e pili ana i ka loa kupaianaha 'aoʻao o kona mōʻaukala.

Pā kaua Bender manawa e wehe i ka poe a pau i makemake ia. Ua hana kēlā lā, mai 9 am a hiki i 18:00. Ka lilo o ke komo ana i ka ?? eoi? O ka pā kaua, he 25 Transnistrian rubles. He waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo mauʻano nui nuances: mua, ka uku hiki ke i wale i loko o ka kālā o ka unrecognized Repubalika, a me ka lua, o ka uku o ke komo no na lunamakaainana o na aina - E e oi palua me kiʻekiʻe.

Ke pā hiki ke kauoha a me ka huakaʻi, i ke kumu kūʻai, e oko a mai ka 50 a hiki i 150 Transnistrian rubles (ke kaumaha ma muli o ka pae nui a me ka lōʻihi like 'ole o ka hapanui hele). Nei, i ka pā kaua i hiki, e kauoha aku i ke alakaʻi, English olelo ana. Eia naʻe, no ka mea, he hana i na iauaeoia oo? Ecia i e uku i kekahi 25 rubles.

Bender pā kaua Museum o hoopoipoi

Aia nō ma luna o ka mokuna o Bendery pā kaua kū hoʻokahi i loko o kona maʻiʻo Museum - Museum o hoopoipoi. Ua Ua wehe like nei me Akuma ka 2012. Kēia e neeaaia IeEeAUUXAAaO medieval mea kaua, na mea paahana, a me gloomy huahelu no keʻano o ka hoʻokolokoloʻiaʻana. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka uku kaawale no ka puka e komo ai a hiki i keia iau mea,ʻaʻole pono.

Ka manaʻo e hana ia i ka Hale ma ka pā kaua hana ana i hanau koke, ma hope o ka makaikai ana i kekahi o ka hale käkela hale kiaʻi. E like me ka mea, uaʻikeʻia, ua mua i loko o ka hale paʻahao no ka haʻahaʻa powa a me marauders. Ka hale kiai Ua nō malamaiaʻohi hua waina handcuffs a me shackles no ka poe pio. Koke aku la laua i hoʻohuiʻia i kekahi mau oi mea lahaʻole kani o ka hoʻokolokoloʻiaʻana, a me ka hopena o ka Hale i loko o ka hale kaua. I kēia lā, iauaeoia oo? Ecia e ike iʻaneʻi i ka interrogation noho, kolenodrobilku, plunges kao a me nā weliweli nei.

I ka hopena ...

Bender pā kaua - He wahi kū hoʻokahi puʻukaua kia ma ka hema-hikinaʻEulopa. Kukulu hou i ka 1540, o ka makahiki ia ua hoano e ana i kona wa e ola ana he nui loa māpuna hanana. I kēia manawa o ka pakaua - o ka loa hanohano oo? Paena ma Transnistria.