"Black ka Make" - he medieval maʻi. Bubonic ino. Maʻi i loko o ka waena o ka XIV kenekulia: mea, lalau mai a me ka hopena

"Black ka Make" - maʻi, i mea a ianoiyuaa a Legends. I mea, i ka ai-i kapaia laha o ka ahulau i ku Europe, Asia, North Africa a hiki Greenland ma ka 14th kenekulia. Pathology puka advantageously i loko o ka palapala o ka bubonic. Ia kenekoa pulakaumaka o ka maʻi ua lilo ka Gobi Desert. Where i keia wahi, i ike ia i na mea he nui. Gobi no ia Eurasia. Black kai ia originated malaila, no ka mea, o ka mea i hiki mai ai i ka Little Ice Age, nā mea hoʻomākaukau i ka impetus no ka pahikaua a me ka weliweli ka huliau.

Bubonic maʻi koi i ke ola o 60 miliona kanaka. I ka Ia manawa, ma kekahi mau wahi o ka helu o ka make i elua hapakolu o ka heluna kanaka. Aie i ka unpredictability o ka maʻi, e like me ka pono me ka hikiʻole i ia manawa, e hoola hoi, hoomaka ae la ke kahunapule, manaʻo e ulu iwaena o na kanaka. Ua lilo commonplace manaoio i loko o ka mana kiekie ae. I ka Ia manawa i hoomaka ai mākou i ka hoomaau ana o ka ai-kapaia "poisoners", "kilokilo", "witches" ka mea, e like me ka haipule fanatics, ma hope o ka maʻi ma luna o kanaka.

Kēia manawa, hele akula ia ma ka moolelo like me ka manawa o impatient kanaka, ka poe koke makau, inaina, hilinaʻiʻole a me nā'ōuli, lehulehu. I mea, i ka outbreak o ka bubonic ino, o ka papa, aia no he 'epekema olelo hoakaka.

Na nā kaʻao e pili ana i ke kumu o bubonic ahulau

I ka moʻolelo e kali ana no ka anal o ka maʻi i loko o Europe, noho iho la lakou ma ka manao ana he mea ia i ahulau ma Tatarstan. More kaʻoi loa, e lawe mai i ka Tatars.

I ka 1348, ka Crimean Tatars alai ae ia e Khan Janybekov i ka palapala moʻopane o ka Genoese pā Kafa (Feodosia) hoʻolei hoʻi i nā kino o nā poʻe mua i make o ke ahulau. Ma hope o liberation, hoomaka ae la e haʻalele i ke kulanakauhale, hoʻolaha i ka maʻi ma Europe i ka o ka poʻeʻEulopa.

Akā, me ka ai-kapaia "ahulau ma Tatarstan" ua i kekahi mea hou ma mua o speculation o kanaka, ka poe mai i ike pehea e wehewehe i ka ulia a me ka make outbreak o "ʻeleʻele ka make."

Ke kumumanaʻo nele, no ka mea, la ia mea i ka pandemic ua ole pū i hiki ma waena o kānaka. Ua hiki i ua iho mailoko e rodents uuku a me nā mea kolo.

Keia "mau" kumumanaʻo Ua ola no ka hala loa o ka lōʻihi manawa, a iloko ona i kakauia i ka hailona o ka mea pohihihi. I mea, i ka maʻi o ka 14th kenekulia, e like me ka mea huli mai ma hope, ka hoʻomaka 'ia no kekahi mau kumu.

Natural kumu o ka pandemic

Kaawale mai abrupt ka huliau ma Eurasia, ka outbreak o ka bubonic ahulau i mua ia e kekahi mau? Aneie aʻe. I waena o lākou:

• global wi ma Kina, a i ukali ma ka nuipa a pololi;
• ma Henan papakaukau kaua o nā'ūhini ;
• ma Beijing no ka lōʻihi manawa Kīwala'ō ma lalo o ka ua a me nā makani pāhili.

Like me ka "ino o Justinian," e like me ka mea ua kapaia he pandemic ka mua "ʻeleʻele make" Paa iho la ia kanaka ma hope o nuipa a au i na ino. Hele i hele ma ka like me kona, hoʻokomo.

Ua hoʻemi e hoʻonele o ka poʻe i hoʻonāukiuki aku ai e? Aneie aʻe i alakai ai i ka nui maʻi. Ka hewa i hiki ia huliāmahi kēia mea i na poo o ka ekalesia, e wehe i ka lumi a hiki i ka hoʻomanawanui heluna.

Maʻi i loko o ka Middle Ages kekahi i kekahi kaiapili-yeiiiie? Aneiai mau kaʻao.

Kaiapili-aneiai kumu bubonic ahulau

Natural aʻe ke hoʻonāukiuki ia he outbreak nui o ke ahulau ma luna o lākou iho. Ka mea, Ua makani hoʻi mai e ia kaiapili-yeiiiie? Aneiai elue:

• koa ana ma Farani, Spain, Italy;
• domination o ka Mongol-Tatarʻauamo ma luna o kekahi hapa o ka HawaiianʻEulopa;
• Hoʻonui i ke kuai;
• hoʻomaka koke ulu ilikole;
• i lanakila maluna o ka heluna nuʻa.

Kekahi mea nui ololi i hoonaukiuki i ke kaua o ke ahulau, ua i ka manaʻo, a 'o ia hoʻi e ola kanaka o ka manaoio e e holoi like infrequently i hiki. E like me ka poe hoano o ka manawa, contemplation o kona mau kapa ole ke kino o ke kanaka e komo i loko o ka hoowalewaleia. Kekahi mau ekalesia i ai imbued me ka hahai ana i keia manao, i ua ole bapetizo i loko o ka wai, aole loa i loko o koʻu holoʻokoʻa makua ola.

Europe i loko o ka 14th kenekulia ia i noʻonoʻo i ka mana maemae. Ke kanaka, aole ia i hahai i ka hoʻolilo o ka ioni?. Neoneo dumped 'ana mai o nā puka makani, dishwater a me kahi o ke keʻena o nā ipu hao i nininiʻia ma luna o ke alanui, he ua dripping koko o na holoholona. Ua a pau ma hope haule i loko o ka muliwai, mai a kanaka lawe i ka wai no ka sayings a hiki inu.

Like me ka "ino o Justinian," "Black ka Make" Ua triggered ma ka helu nui o nā rodents i noho i loko o ke kaua'ō'ō ihe me kanaka. Ma ka moʻokalaleo o ka manawa e hiki ke 'imi nui' ikamu hoolilo i ka mea e hana ma ka hihia o ka holoholonaʻaki. E like me oe i ike, iole a me marmots - nā moku halihali mokulele o ka maʻi, no laila kanaka a pau panic-nui kou, a hiki i kekahi o ko lakou ano. Ma ka ho'āʻo pono e lanakila i ka nui rodents i poina na mea a pau, a me kona ohana.

Pehea mea a pau, hoomaka ae la

Ka wahi o ka kumu o ka maʻi i ka Gobi waonahele no hoi ia. Where mea i ka wahi i ua i ka pulakaumaka koke o IKE OLE IA. Ua Ua ea ae ka hana i ka Tatars noho kokoke hai aku i ka i hoʻohālua no marmots, a nō nā moku halihali mokulele o ke ahulau. I aloha kuaiia ai a me für o kēia mau holoholona. Ma ia mau ana, i ka maʻiʻaʻai ua inevitable.

He nui rodents aie i ka wi a me ka 'ē aʻe adverse ino kūlana haʻalele lākou puuhonua, a hoʻoneʻe kokoke i na kanaka, ma ka mea, ke loaʻa hou ai.

Hebei aina ma Kina i ae mua. Aia make ma ka liʻiliʻi 90% o ka heluna kanaka. 'O kēia kekahi kumu e haawi ala i ka nānā i ka muli o ke ahulau hoʻonāukiuki Tatars. Ka mea, e pono-ʻikeʻia ke silika Road ke lawe i ka maʻi me ia.

A laila, i ke ahulau, ua hiki aku India, a laila, neʻe akula iʻEulopa. Surprisingly, hoʻokahi wale nō kumu o ia manawa haawiia keia i ke ano oiaio o ka maʻi. Ua Ua manaoio ia kanaka pepehi ma ka bubonic ano o ke ahulau.

Ma'āina a i ole hoopa i ka pandemic, i loko o ka Middle Ages, ka mea ala he maoli panic. Ke poo o Hawaii i na elele no ka 'ike e pili ana i ka maʻi, a hoʻoikaika mākaukau e invent i kekahi laau no ka mea. Ka heluna kanaka o kekahi aina, oiai noho ana ma ka pouli, me ka makemake e manaoio i ka lono i ka ua hoʻohaumiaʻia ka'āina o ka ua o ka nahesa, ke puhi makani a me ke ahi e haule mai ka lani kalaʻakika.

Hoikehonua, ano o bubonic ahulau

Ino ma Europe i koi olalo i ola wale no ka mea i ole i kanaka i ka manawa e noiʻi i ka maʻi. He kaʻao aʻikeʻia ma muli o ka naaupo a me ka manao. I mea, o ka wale causative Agena o bubonic mai - he bacterium, i mea he lawe o kaʻuku lele, pinepine parasitic ma kaʻeleʻele iole.

Low mahana, lōʻihi e loaʻa mai i ka poʻe kaua o ka kino, thawing hiki ole hoopau i ka causative Agena o ka "ʻeleʻele ka make." Akā, ia ka pono i ka la, poino a me ka maloʻoʻana.

I mea, i ka koʻohune mea i ino, parasitic wale nō i loko o rodents. Naʻe, i loko o ka wa e kaawale aku o ka poʻe kaua Loaʻaʻia, ka mea hiki ke neʻe i kānaka. Ma ka Middle Ages, ola aku ana ua ai unbearable i ka hapanui o ka rodent make. Ma ka i koe holoholonaʻuku lele pepehi wale em me nā paʻi. Rodents, ma ka huli, hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia ma ka maʻi, e kakali ana no i wahi e noho ai, kahi au e kuai i ai, a loaʻa iā lākou kokoke i kanaka. Mai ka bubonic ahulau hohola iho la iwaena o ka heluna kanaka.

Symptoms o ka ino i loko o kānaka

Bubonic ino hoʻomaka e hoʻomōhala mai ka nahu o ka iho mailoko oʻuku lele. Koʻohune kāhuakomo i ka lymph aka wahi, a hoʻomaka lākou 'eleu. A laila, he kanaka lanakila ole, ka mea maoli he kino wela, headache i unbearable, a me ka lehalehu t hiʻona - unrecognizable ma lalo o ka maka ikeiaʻeleʻele mau kiko. Ma ka lua o ka lā ma hope maʻiʻaʻai ia lŘlŘ bubo iho. No laila, kapa mahuahua ana o ka lymph wahi.

I ka wā o nā koʻohune loa E ka Haku e ia ma ka aka wahi, loaa ka mea, i loko o ke koko, e kauoha ana i ka loa loa degere o ka intoxication. Once ka parasite komo i ke koko, i kaʻili a me ka mucous membranes ikeiaʻeleʻele wahi lilelile, huahuaʻe a kahe ana ke koko.

Kanaka mailoko o me ke ahulau, hiki ke 'ike koke. "Black ka Make" - he maʻi e hoʻololi i ka maka a me ke kino iaia. Nā blisters i kekahi 'i ka lua o ka lā, a me ka nui ana o ka hoʻomanawanui hiki ole e noʻonoʻo kūpono.

Symptoms o ka ino i loko o kānaka Middle Ages, surprisingly, oko mai o ka hoailona o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia mea hoʻomanawanui.

Ka lapaʻau kiʻi o ka bubonic ahulau o ka Middle Ages

"Black ka Make" - He maʻi ia mea recognizable ma na kai i loko o ka Middle Ages:

• kiʻekiʻe wela, ole;
• aggressiveness;
• Ana aloha o ka makau;
• loaʻeha i loko o ka pahu;
• pokole o ka hanu;
• cough me koko hookuuia;
• ke koko a me ka neoneo huahana eʻeleʻele;
• ka 'ōlelo hiki ke ike pouli patina;
• ulcers a buboes i kupu mai ma ke kino, i aku la i kaʻawaʻawa loa ala;
• clouding o ka ike paka i.

Mau symptoms i manaoia like me ka hōʻailona o ka pilikia a me ka imminent make. Inā he kanaka loaa i ka hoʻopaʻi,ʻo ia ua ike ka manawa āna i haʻalele loa uuku. No kekahi ho'āʻo e hana i kēia mau symptoms, ka mea i manaoia e ia i ka makemake o ke Akua, a me ka ekalesia.

Lapaʻau o bubonic maʻi i loko o ka Middle Ages

Medieval lapaau ua mamao mai ka maikaʻi. Ke kauka i hele mai e nana i ka hoomanawanui, i uku nui nānā i ke kamailio e pili ana paha ia hai ma mua pono lapaau. Kēia i pili i ka haipule pulakaumaka heluna. Ke ola o ka uhane i manaoia nui oi nui ma mua o ke kino ke ola. Alaila, keʻoki kino ua aneane e hoʻomaʻamaʻa.

ahulau kūlana kanaka, ua like penei:

• hikoko, a ooki aku ana moxibustion wela hao;
• i ka hoʻohana 'ana o nā antidotes;
• IeIIeYOA i ka ili o bubonic mea kolo;
• kona i ka maʻi a me ke kōkua o nā mākēneki.

Ma keia medieval lapaau ua nō,ʻaʻole Ka Ho 'Oponopono. Kekahi mau kauka laila, i ka manao nā mea maʻi e pili ana i kaʻai maikaʻi, a kali i ke kino, e Makuakane me ke ahulau. 'O kēia ka loa kūpono kumumanaʻo o ka lapaau. O ke ala, i ka noho ana ma ka manawa o ke ola hoopii he sporadic, akā, aka hoi, i ka mea, wahi.

No ka lapaau ana i ka maʻi i lawe wale mediocre kauka a opiopio kanaka ka poe i makemake e loaa kaulana ma ka longshot. Ka mea, ua hoʻokomoʻia ka ea paha i nana aku me ke poo o ka manu la, me ka hai nuku. Eia naʻe, ua hoomalu ua ola loihi mai a pau, ua make no laila, he nui na kumu ao ma hope o lākou nā mea maʻi.

Aupuni mana i ka manao kanaka, e hoopili aku i ka ano e kaua i ka ahulau:

• Holo i pakele ai i ka loihi loa. Ma keia hihia, ka mea, ua pono i ka lanakila i na kilomika o loa hoʻokēʻai. E nohoʻoukou ma ka palekana mamao mai o ka maʻi, ua ae e like loa me hiki.
• Ma ka paena o ka maʻiʻaʻai, e kipaku aku me na ohana holoholona o ka lio. Ua Ua ea ae ka hana i kēia mau holoholona hanu lākou ma ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka lewa. Me na wahi mea i aʻo aku ai iā ia e na home o kekahi nā mea kolo. Ma ka lumi kahi nei make mai ke ahulau i ke kanaka, au i ka saucer o ka waiu, no ka mea, ka mea i manaʻo i ka mea absorbs i ka maʻi. Nō hoʻi ka mea, ua pio ka polokalamu Popular ki ina hana like e like me? Aneii hale punawelewele, a he nui ka helu o ke ahi e aa ana kokoke i ka hale.
• Hana na mea a pau ia mea e pepehi i ke ala o ke ahulau. Ua Ua manaoio ia ina he kanaka 'aʻole i haha aku i ka hohono emanating mai mailoko o kanaka, ka mea, ua hala loa hoomaluia. I mea nui e hali ana i ke kumu i bouquets o nā pua.

Nō hoʻi, ke kauka i ka manao ole i ka hiamoe ma hope o ka wanaʻao,ʻaʻole e komo i loko o moe ke keakea ole a me ka ole i ka manaʻo e pili ana i ke ahulau a me ka make. I kēia lā, ua kokoke loa i kahi manao Kamehameha, akā, i loko o ka Middle Ages, kanaka loaʻa oluolu i loko o laila.

O ka holo ana, nui he ololi i loko o ke ola o ke ahulau, ua hoʻomana.

Haipule i ka maʻi laha o bubonic ahulau

"Black ka Make" - he maʻi e hoʻomakaʻu kanaka a me kona maopopo. Nolaila, e ku e keia kāʻei kua, ua likeʻole haipule hilinaʻi:

• Ino - he hoopai ana no ka ano o kanaka i ka hewa, ka hookuli, heʻino paha e pili ana i kokoke loa kanaka, me ka makemake e haawi aku i loko i ka hoowalewaleia.
• Ke ahulau, i hele mai me ka hopena o ka ole ma ka manaoio.
• Ka maʻi laha ka hoʻomaka 'ana ma muli o ia ka mea i loko o vogue kāmaʻa i kuhikuhi mai la lakou me na manamana wawae, a me ke kahaha nui huhu i ke Akua.

Na kahuna, ka poe i koiia e hoolohe i ka confessions o ka make kanaka, he pinepine iho mailoko o, a make iho la. No laila, pinepine i ke kulanakauhale koe me clergymen ka mea, no ka mea, makau no ko lakou mau ola.

E kū'ē i ka backdrop o glowing kulana home 'ole i ikea kekahi mau pūʻulu paha, noloko mai, kela mea keia mea o ko i loko o ko lākou mauʻaoʻao wehewehe i ke kumu o ke ahulau. Eia hou, nā'ōuli, ua a pau mawaena o ka heluna kanaka, i noʻonoʻo oiaio.

Ka'ōuli, i ka laha ana o bubonic ahulau

Ma nā mea a pau, a hiki i ka loa mailuilu haalele kekahi hanana, i ke ahulau o kanaka i ike i ka hoailona hoailona o ka naue like. Kekahi'ōuli, i loa kupaianaha:

• Inā e ka oopalau i ka wahine loa olohelohe ka aina a puni o ka hale, a me ke koena o kaʻohana i keia manawa, e ia i loko o ka lumi, haʻalele i ka hale lole kokoke wahi.
• Inā 'oe e ka effigy, symbolizing i ka mai ino, a puhi ia hoʻi ia i ka maʻi.
• I ka maʻi ua i pepehi, he mea pono e lawe i ke kala a me Hereme.

kaao i ka olelo a puni ka kiʻi o ke ahulau. Ka mea maoli i manaoio kanaka. Ka mea, makau iho la lakou i kekahi manawa hou wehe i ka puka o kona hale, no laila, i ole e e ma o ka uhane o ke ahulau. O kanaka maoli kanaka hakaka mawaena o lakou iho, kela mea keia mea i imi ai e hoola ia ia iho, a wale ia ia iho.

Ke kahua ma ka ke kaiāulu kanaka,

Hooluhi hewa ia mai, a ka weliweli kanaka e ho'ōla mai ai i ka hopena o ka ahulau, e halii mai i ai-kapa wahi kanaka kolohe nei no ko ianei manao i ka make i ka heluna kanaka a pau. Hoomaka alualu o hāʻupu. Ka mea, limanui kauo aku la ia i ka haukapila. He nui na kanaka, ka poe i ua hoopiiia, hana he pepehi anaʻia iā iho. he pepehi anaʻia iā iho'ōkuʻu kuʻEulopa. Ka pilikia i hiki ia huliāmahi ka poe hana he pepehi anaʻia iā iho, e kau i ko lakou mau kino i ka lehulehu make i na Aupuni hooweliweli.

No ka ua hoomaopopoia na kanaka e ka mea noho ma laila, ua nui loa uuku, ka mea i hoʻomaka 'ana i loko o nā mea a pau nui: addicted i ka waiʻona, e kakali ana no ka lealea me ka wahine o ka maʻalahi ka maemae. Kēiaʻaoʻao o ke ola hou hoʻopuʻipuʻi hou i ke ahulau.

Ke pandemic Ua hiki ia huliāmahi kēia mea i lawe i nā heana i ka po, e kahe mai ana ia i loko o kūikawā lua a me koʻu kanuia.

I kekahi manawa e hana i nā mea maʻi manaʻoi maʻi iʻikeʻia i loko o kēia hui, ho'āʻo e iho mailoko o ka poe a pau e hiki enemi. Ua i kekahi manawa i ka mea ia ia i noʻonoʻo e like me ka ino opio, ina oe e hele ia e kekahi.

Ma ka lewa o ka manawa i kekahi kanaka ma kekahi honua, e ku mai, mai ka ahakanaka,ʻo ia hiki ke noʻonoʻo me ka poisoner.

Ka hopena o "Black Holo Malie"

"Black ka Make" alakaʻi i ka nui hopena ma nā mea a pau spheres o ke ola. Ka loa nui o ia mea:

• ka lākiō o ke koko pūʻulu ālai 'hoʻololi.
• Instability i loko o ka poepoe kālai'āina o ke ola.
• Na kauhale he nui i haalele.
• Ka mea, ua i ka hoʻomaka o feudal pili. Nui na kanaka i hana ma na nā hālāwai hoʻonaʻauao o kā lākou mau keiki, i puʻe wale akula kēlā, e lawe i ka hana o nā haku, mai kaʻaoʻao.
• Like no ka hana i loko o ka poepoe o ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo nele kane hana ikaika, hoomaka ae la keia ha awina e hoʻomōhala wahine.
• Medicine Ua hoʻoneʻe i ka hou kahua o ka? Acaeoey. Mākou hoomaka ae la e noiʻi i nāʻano o nā maʻi a invent i ka laau no ia.
• Kauwa, a malalo strata o ka heluna kanaka ma muli o ka nele ana o kanaka, i lilo ai, e koi no lakou iho i ka maikaʻi kūlana. He nui nā kanaka he naʻaupō ai hooilina o ka waiwai make hoahanau.
• hoao ana i ua i e mechanize? iecaianoaaiiuo.
• Nākulukulu nō me ka nui loa, hale kala a me ka haehae.
• Na skyrocketing ulu ike paka ana i ka lehulehu, aole ia makemake ole i ka blindly hoolohe ana i ke aupuni. He kūpono ma kekahi mau haunaele, a Hope.
• Ālai 'hoʻonāwaliwali i ka aoao o ka ekalesia ma ka heluna kanaka. People ike aku la i ka helplessness o nā kāhuna i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i ke ahulau oki, e hilinai ia lakou. Hou mai la i hoʻohana ma rituals a me ka hilinaʻi, mua banned ma ka ekalesia. Ka makahiki "witches" a me ka "kupua". Helu kahuna ua hoʻemi me ka nui loa. No na kulana pinepine i ka Malia paha, a kūpono 'elemakule kanaka. He nui nā poʻe mai i maopopo, i mea no ke aha la e make ai lawe ole wale na perpetrators, akā, i maikai, maikai kanaka. Ma keia manao, Europe ninau i ka mana o ke Akua.
• Ma hope o ia he nui-me ka unahiʻole pandemic maʻi ua lilo haʻalele i ka heluna kanaka. Kekahi manawa i loko o kekahi kūlanakauhale o ke ahulau wawahi mai, e lawe ana me ia na ola o kanaka.

I kēia lā, he nui nā kānakaʻimi noiʻi i kanalua ai i ka lua o ka pandemic i hele aku i loko o ka palapala o bubonic ahulau.

Manao e pili ana i ka lua o ka pandemic

Aia nā mea pohihihi i ka "ʻeleʻele make" - Ua synonymous me ka wā o ka pomaikai o ka bubonic ahulau. Aia ka he wehewehe:

• Nā mea maʻi ahulau kākaʻikahi malama symptoms e like me ke kuni, a me ka nui puʻu. Eia naʻe, ua kuhikuhi mai laekahi haumana i ka helu o ka wahaheʻe i hiki mai ma na kāna moʻolelo o ka manawa. A, kekahi o na hana o ke akamai a me ka mea ku ei ole wale i ka moʻolelo o ka 'ē aʻe, akā, no hoi makou.
• Ke kolu o ka pandemic ke hakakä 3 wale% o ka heluna kanaka, akā, i ka "ʻeleʻele make" loa iho mai ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i ka hapakolu oʻEulopa. Akā, i kēia, hoi, he mea he olelo hoakaka. I loko o ka lua o ka pandemic ua he weliweli nele i ka sanitation, ka hoopakele ana oi pilikia ma mua o ka maʻi.
• Buboes i kupu mai, mai kanaka lesions i aia i loko o ka armpits, a ma luna o ka'ā'ī. mea makemake e Logical ina ka mea, ua hanaia ma kona mau wawae, e like me ia ka kahi ai ka easiest ala e kiʻiʻuku lele. Naʻe, i kēia mea,ʻaʻole mea hemolele. Ua huli mai ia a me ka ioleʻuku lele Plaguebringer o Pediculus humanus. A ma laila nō nā mea kolo ma ka Middle Ages, ua nui loa.
• Ana ma mua ma ka nui make o ka laha iole. O kŰia Uaʻaʻole hoʻi i mālama i loko o ka Middle Ages. Kēia mea hiki i 'aʻa aku, hāʻawi mai ke alo aku o ke kanaka na uku hoi kekahi.
• Bloch, i mea i ka lawe ana i ka maʻi, i ka maikaʻi aloha i loko o ka mehana a me ka humid aniau. Pandemicʻana, a ma ka coldest winters.
• I ka uku o aku ai ke ahulau i Ua i ka mooolelo.

E like me ka hopena o ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana i ka mea i loaʻa i ka genome o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia ahulau ke kanana nei'ālike medieval maʻi, a proves ia mea, ua i ka bubonic ano o ka pathology, a lilo iho la i ka "ʻeleʻele make" no na kanaka o ia manawa. No laila, i kekahi'ē aʻe ike koho neʻe i loko o ka hewa waeʻano. Akā, oi piha study mea nō ka hoʻomauʻana.