Boston Marathon 2013: kūʻikena a me nā hopena

Boston Marathon - he makahiki haʻuki hanana, e lawe ana wahi i loko o kekahi mau kulanakauhale ma Hawaii. Ua ua mau paʻa i loko o ka Patriot Day (Patriots 'Day), ma ka Monede kolu o April. Ka lāhui mua i paʻa i loko o ka makahiki 1897. He Ua hooeueuia lakou e ka pomaikai o ka marathon mua ma ka Summer 'Olumepika i ka 1896. Boston Marathon - ka mea kahiko makahiki lāhui kanaka, ua a i manaoia kekahi o ka loa kaulana i loko o ke ao nei.

Marathon,ʻo a puni 500.000 nā kanaka mākaʻikaʻi, ana ia i ka loa hanohano nii? Hanana ma New England. 'Oiai, i ka 1897, ua hele i ka heihei ma ka huina o 18' âlapa,ʻo ia manawa mai ka awelika o ma kahi o 30 000 i kakau i komo. Iubile Boston Marathon i ka 1996 i ka mooolelo no ka helu ana i komo: 38708 i ua hoike ma luna ona, e hui pu i ka heihei, i hiki i ka hoʻomaka '36.748 kanaka a 35868 hele mai i ka hoʻopau laina.

moʻolelo

Ka mua Boston Marathon i hoʻonohonoho ma April 1897, hooeueuia lakou e ka hou o ka lāhui ma ka Summer 'Olumepika i ka 1896 ma Atenai. He mea noke ke hoʻohana a me ka Length o ka lua ma North America ke kahiko.

Ka hanana ua hopena mākaʻikaʻi ai i ka hookahakaha o ka Day o ka Patriots (Patriots 'Day) a nô kêia i ka pilina ma waena o ka Athenian a me Amelika ku okoa ikaika. Ke uwa maila mua ua Dzhon Makdermott, holo i ka mamao o 24,5 mile i ka 2:55:10. Ka lahui, i lilo aku ia me ka Boston Marathon, ua mai ua paa i kela makahiki. I ka makahiki 1924, ua hoʻoneʻe i ka hoʻomaka 'ana i Hopkinton, a ua hooloihiia ke ala a hiki i ka 26 mile 385 iwilei (42.195 km). Keia ua hana e hālāwai me nā ana hoʻohālike o waiho ma ka 'Olumepika i ka makahiki 1908, a codified IAAF i ka 1921.

Initially, ka Boston Marathon ua he kūloko kekahi hanana, akā, ma muli o ia kona hiʻona a me ka prestige, hoomaka ae la oia e,ʻo mama loa, mai a puni ka honua. Ma ka hapanui o kona mōʻaukala, ka hanana ua loa ole-pono, a me ka mea wale makana no ka lanakila i ka lei i ulana mai o ka oliva ulu wale. Loulou waiwai pio: i hookoia wale, hoomaka ae la ma na 1980s, ma hope o ka 'oihana' âlapa ua hoʻomaka i ka hoole, e komo i loko o ka heihei me ka nui hoʻolilo 'ia'. First lua no ka lanakila i ka marathon i loaa i loko o ka makahiki 1986.

Ke paio no ka wahine ka pono, e komo i loko o ka marathon

Women 'aʻole' ae e kauoha aku komo i loko o ka Boston Marathon a hiki i ka makahiki 1972. Robert Gibb, e like me na organizers o ka hanana, o ka mua wahine e holo i ka piha marathon kaawale o nā mea a pau (ma 1966). I ka makahiki 1967, Ketrin Svittser kakau like "K. V. Svittser", lilo iho la ia i ka mua wahine e holo ma i ka hopena me ka oihana helu o ka i komo. Ua kauoha aku e hiki i ka hoʻopau, hoʻowahāwahā i ka hana 'ia i lohe nuiʻia, ma a me kekahi' elele o ka hooponopono ana o ka marathon Jock Semple ho'āʻo e kākā aku i kona lumi, a i ole ae ia e pakele. I ka makahiki 1996, na wahine komo informally i loko o ka marathon mai ka 1966 a hiki i ka makahiki 1971, a me ka mea mua, e i hiki ke hoʻopau laina, Ua retroactively kauoha aku ike poe koa e ae. I ka 2015, ma kahi o 46% o ka i komo, he wahine.

Temepela me Rozi Ruis

Ke Temepela hang nei ma ka Boston Marathon i ka makahiki 1980, ka wā o ka runner-aloha Rosie Ruiz i hele mai mai o wahi, a lanakila i ka heihei iwaena o na wahine. Me ka Poeikohoia o ka hooponopono ana o ka marathon lilo hana kupua ia mea, i loaa ia Ruiz hiki oleʻike i ka wikiō o ka lahui kokoke hiki i ka hopena. Mahope hoʻokolokolo 'hoike i ka hapanui o Ruiz hala hanana, a laila, ka hola he hookahi mile (1.6 km) i ka hoʻopau, a hui pu iaʻi me ka poe kanaka hoopuni outstripped nā kānaka hoʻokūkū. Lunakanawai kauoha aku disqualified Rosie. Boston Marathon i ka makahiki 1980, penei, lanakila 'o ia ka Hale' âlapa Zhaklin Garo.

he ulia pakalaki

I ka 1905, James Edward Kanakaole mai North Adams ma Makakukeka make o ka pneumonia koke ma hope o nā holo i ka marathon, a me ka ole hoi kona hale. I ka makahiki 1996, i ke kanaka 62-makahiki-kahiko mai Kuekene, make o ka naau hoouka. I ka 2002, i ka 28-makahiki-kahiko Sintiya Lusero make o ka hyponatremia.

Boston Marathon 2013

Iloko o ka marathon i ka 2013, April 15, i 14:49 kūloko manawa, ma hope o oi aku mamua o elua hola ma hope o ka Winners kela aoao o ka hoʻopau laina ma Boylston Street, ka hola 200 mika ma mua o ka hoʻopau laina, he mau Naita me ia, i ka mamao ma waena o ia ua 180 mau mika.

I ka hoʻohanuʻana pepehi ekolu kanaka, a hana ino iki mai ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 144 kanaka, o ka poe a 17 i seriously poino. Mawaena o ka poe make i ka keikiʻewalu-makahiki. No pae o ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli ua koi kuleana no na bombings. Ua i luna o ka Federal Buro o hoʻokolokolo 'ana (FBI) a me ke kiʻi o ka mau hāʻupu i loaa koke.

I ka po, April 18 i loko o ka shootout ma Kamepelika kokoke Makakukeka Institute o Technology, i pepehi i ka policeman, laila, hoomaka ae la ka hana, e hopu i ka hāʻupu elua, nā hoahānau Tamerlan a me Dzhokhar Tsarnaevyh. Ka hiapo no ia, Tamerlan, make iho la ma ka haukapila kakahiaka i loko o ke kakahiaka ma luna o 'Apelila 19. Nearby kupa i ka manao e noho i loko o kā lākou mau home me na puka Palekana. Public ka halihali ma Boston i pani ia, a me na ohua 'e aʻe o ka mea nui i loko o ka moku'āina o Makakukeka Bay Alakau Authority a me Amtrak alahao hoa a pau; Ka mea, ua paʻa nā kula a me nā kulanui, e like me na pāʻoihana. I ka pono kīvila o nā loko ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o ka moku'āina makai hahai i ke kulanakauhale o Watertown, a ua hopu ma April 19 ma 8:45 Dzhokhar Tsarnaev.

Boston Marathon 2013 Naita me ia i kena ae la i ka make ana o 8-makahiki-kahiko keiki a me ka 29-makahiki-luahine (nā noho o na wahi e pili ana o ka Boston), e like me 23-makahiki-kahiko haumāna mai China, mea he nui pōʻino no ka mea holoʻokoʻa makaainana honua. Mawaena o ka seriously poino e noho ana i ka makuahine a me ke kaikuahine o ka mea i make keiki.

Ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli hoouka ma ka marathon

Naita me ia mau hopeʻia maʻanuʻu o 15 kekona i i kokoke Copley Square Boston. E like me ka hopena o ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli ho'āhewa wale pepehi ekolu kanaka, a hana ino iki mai nui ma mua o ka haneri o ka loli iki ana oolea. Nā Winners ma ka hoʻopau laina e pili ana, elua no hora mua o ka Naita me ia, akā, he ua paa nae ka kekahi ou wahi lihi iki o ka mama loa, ka poe i holo wale a hiki i ka hopena o ka Boston Marathon.

Ke kaua he mea haohao no a pau: e hoouka aku i kekahi olelo hooweliweli mai ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli a papa hana i ua hoike.

Pōkā pahū a pau o ka hoailona i ka mea hiki oluolu e lawe kauoha mai i ka Internet a me kekahi 'ē kumu. Ka mea pahū ua i loko o ka eono-hano puʻe cookers, i i hūnāʻia i loko o ka nylon backpack.

Pana, hahai a me ka hopu

Soon ma hope o nā kiʻi i paʻiʻia, ua heʻehu i loko o ka wahi o ka Hawaii Institute o Technology, kokoke i ka hale 32 (Stata Center). Ua hiki mai ma April 18 ma ka 22 hola 48 minuke kūloko manawa (02:48 UTC). mau pana pua aku makou i i. Nā pōkā ku i ka makai, e noho ana i loko o ka patrol kaʻa. He Ua lawe ia Makakukeka General Haukapila, a, ma hope o kekahi manawa, kauka konstantirovali make. Shon Kollier kapaia makai, he 26 kona mau makahiki,ʻo ia i hānau i loko o Somerville, Makakukeka, a ua hana i loko o ka makai oihana o ka Hawaii Institute o Technology.

Tsarnaevʻohana hoʻopio i ke kālā Mercedes SUV ma Kamepelika, a ua kiola, e hookaawale ia lana mai ka ATM mea nāna $ 800. Lālau aʻela ia i ke kālā, ka mea, e ka poʻe kaua mīkini. Ka hāʻupu hai aku ia ia i ka mea, i paa kuleana no ka bombing ma ka Boston Marathon. Ka makai Hahai I ke kaʻa a hiki i ke kulanakauhale o Watertown, Hawaii. Law mākaʻi luna aupuni o Watertown hōʻike kekahi mau clashes a me kaua liʻiliʻi, iloko o ka mea i lohe Naita me ia. I ia ahiahi, o ka nupepa ka Boston poepoe honua hai ana kekahi shootout i wahi kanaka, ka poe i makemake ai no ka hoouka i ke marathon. A gunfight a me ka makai, a me ka Naita o ka hopeʻia kiola ma ka hewa a kiai aku nā kupa o Watertown. Kekahi o na hoahanau i loaa, akā, i ka lua o ka hoʻokele i pakele i loko o ka aihue SUV. Ma ka shootout, ua seriously eha iho la oia 33-makahiki-kahiko kalepa ae la lakou makai Hawaii Bay, o Richard H. Donahue Jr. Mea pōmaikaʻi, ke eha uaʻaʻole ona.

Ma ke kakahiaka o Aperila 19, ma hope o ke kaʻa hahai a me ka shootout me ka makai, kekahi o ka hāʻupu, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, i lawe i ka Lapaʻau o Center o Izreyel, kahi i make ai o mau gunshot eha a me nā palapū malama aku i loko o ka makani ia. Ka FBI hookuu kiʻi o nā hāʻupu ma Watertown hanana. Ka lua o ka hoahanau, Dzhokhar, i ua i kekahi manawa i kapaia "ka manaʻo pü 'ia ma ke keʻokeʻo, inaina akula," e like me ka makai i nō ma nui. Aupuni i aku nei au i kiola na hoahanau mai o kona kaʻa i ka hale-i pōkā pahū i loko o ka makai nana i hahai akula iā lākou, mai Kamepelika a hiki i Watertown.

I ka 2015, kekahi o na perpetrators o ka Naita me ia, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, i loaʻa hewa ma luna o 30 helu a me ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka make.

hoomanao

April 18 ma Boston Hui Hale Pule Nui o ka Uhane kea paa ka interfaith mea hoʻomanaʻo hana no ka mōhai o ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli ho'āhewa wale. Ua pâʻani 'o ia i ka US Pelekikena Barack Obama a me kekahi mau veterans o ka Boston Marathon.

Ke doping nä Temepela i loko o ka marathon 2014

Ke marathon kukini keia makahiki, Kenyan Rita Dzheptu hele mai i ka hoʻopau laina mua i waena o nā wāhine. Naʻe, ka mea i disqualified ma hope o ka poeikohoia o ka World Anti-Doping oihana i komo kūkala i kona hoao no banned waiwai hōʻike i ka maikaʻi result. Me ia loheʻia i loko o ka hihia i paʻa i loko o January 2015.

Boston Marathon 2016

I ka 2016, American Jami Marseille lilo i ka mea mua a i hiki ke hoʻopau laina o ka Boston Marathon wahine i loaʻa nā wāwae amputated. Alakai i ka hanana i Bobbi Gibb,ʻo ia kekahi mea holo i ka marathon 50 makahiki aku nei, i ka 1966. Ka uwa o ka 2016 na wahine, kaʻAitiopa 'âlapa atsede baysa, Bobbi Gibb haawi i kona uku. Uaʻae eʻae ia ma luna o ke kūlana i loko o ka makahiki, ua hele mai i kaʻAitiopa, a hoʻi ka mea kupono nona o ke kiaha.