Central a me kaʻike ākea ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana: 'ole a me ka ho'āʻo

Pololei ana o ke ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana ma kekahi mau fronts Ua nui no ka piha kanaka ola. Ke kanaka ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana o ka loa luna '' ole o ka meaola.

Hoikehonua, manaʻo e pili ana i ka mana o ka'emi ko kahua

Complex kamaʻilio aʻeo ka hoʻolele ', i ua denoted like me ka' epekema o liluwelo ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana ua maheleia i Central a me kaʻike ākea, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka wahi o ka aʻalolo keena lakou iho. Ka mea mua e lawe pu i ke keena aia i loko o ka lolo, a ma ka spinal kaula. Akā,ʻo nā aʻalolo'aʻaʻa, a i aia mawaho nāna i hana i kaʻike ākea ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana (PNS).

Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana (CNS) e kakau mai i ka 'ōlelo mana o ka aaioee a me ka EYI o ka' ike, pāʻani aku me ke kaiapuni. ʻO ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana hana ma ka reflex rula. Reflex - mea he pane i kekahi hui, ae hookaawale. Pili 'ole i loko o kēia kaʻina hana o ka aʻalolo keena ma o ka lolo. Ma hope o ka loaa ana 'ike mai neurons i loko o ka PNS, ka mea, ka mea, ua hoʻokō' ia, a hoouna aku la i ka momentum i loko o ka hooko kino. E like me keia rula i nā mea a pau, no ka naau a me ka involuntary neʻe, D. makaukau hana (cognitive hana), e manaʻo a me ka hoomanao ana, a no laila, ma luna o.

ke kelepona hele maomeka

Ka nānā 'ana i ka mana o ka Central a me kaʻike ākea ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana a me ke kelepona hele wahi, neurons i kekahi ano i ka pono a me na keena a pau o ke kino. Penei, kēlā neuron ua haku o ka:

• ʻili lahilahi a he cytoplasmicʻili lahilahi;
• cytoplasm a me ka lewa ma waena o ka iwi, a me ka 'ōlelo aeea ua piha i ka mea intracellular loli;
• mitochondria, a i ka ikehu neuron iho, a lakou i loaa mai ka monakō koko a me ka oxygen;
• microtubes - lahilahi nā hale i hana kākoʻo oihana, a kōkua i ka halepaahao, e malama iniiaiie pepa;
• endoplasmic reticulum - na latike, i ka halepaahao hoʻohana no ka hoʻoponopono-mea.

Ka hanohano nā aʻalolo keena

Nā aʻalolo aeee i kekahi 'oihana mua i kuleana no lākou kamaʻilio me nā neurons.

Axons - ke kumu nui keʻano o ka hanaʻana o nā aʻalolo keena, no ka mea, i ka ike ua hoololiia ma ke neural kaapuni. Ka hou 'ike kona mau mokuna; EYI auwai a ano he neuron, ka mea i oi aku o kona axon ai manamana ai.

Dendrites - 'ē aʻe keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka neuron. Ka mea, aia i ka hoʻokomo o synapses - kekahi heluʻai ma laila ka hui 'ana me neurons. Nolaila, he hoʻopā ai kapa neaiaea neuronal synoptic EYI.

Mea Maluna a me ka waiwai o nā aʻalolo keena

Nā aʻalolo keena, a neurons, e māheleʻia i loko o nā pūʻulu a me subgroups, ke kaumaha ma muli o ko lākou specialization, ooieoeiiaeuiiai, a me ka wahi i loko o ka mea ulana pukapuka, neural.

Na kumu mua kuleana no sensory pokole ana mawaho stimuli (hihio, lohe, tactile manaʻo nei ke, nā dudima, a no laila, ma luna o. D.), Called nano. Neurons, a i hui ma ka mea ulana pukapuka, e i Hawaiiʻoihana i kapaia Hawaii. ¶ A i loko o ka National Ahaolelo i hui neurons i hana versatile oihana.

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka wahi o ka neuron me ka manao ana i ka lolo, a me ka hooko mana, na aeee hiki e iniiaiie, kiʻekiʻe, a no laila, ma luna o. D.

Genetically neurons kuleana no ka hoʻololi kemikala o ka ho'ākāka 'ia i nā lātoma, ma i poʻe kūkulu synaptic pili' o Randy me nā nā'aʻaʻa, akā, ke aʻalolo aeee e mai i ka hiki e puʻunaue.

Ia ka nānā 'ana ma luna o keia olelo, a he ākea i loko o ka moʻokalaleo i "ke aʻalolo aeee mai i regenerate." O ka holo ana, hiki ole ke puunaue i ka neurons hiki ole regenerate. Akā, ka mea, i kela mea keia lua o ke hana i kekahi wahi lihi iki o ka hou neural pili 'o Randy i ka hana luna' oihana.

Penei, na keena e hanaʻia ai i mau hana hou a me ka hou 'ana ma. Penei e hoʻomōhala ana i ka luna 'neural pukapuka o ka palapala. Ka hanaia'na o ka hou pili 'o Randy i ka lolo hele aku ai a hiki i ka ulu ana o ka manao, noʻonoʻo. Muscle manao ua hoi ka ulu 'ana ma o ka like alanui. Ka lolo Ua irreversibly hou ma nooaai Hawaii hana hou a me ka hou a pau.

Ka hooulu ana o ka mea naʻau manao, ke kino a me ka noʻonoʻo 'ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka'emi'ōnaehana i loko o ka like alanui. Akā, inā i ka pulakaumaka mea ma luna o kekahi mea, i nā mana mai i hoʻomōhala pela hikiwawe loa.

lolo

I ka lolo o kekahi kanaka makua kaupaona ana 1.3-1.5 kg. ʻepekema, ua ike ia i ka 22, i ke kau paona ana i nā maoli, a ma hope o 75 makahiki hoʻomaka e emi.

Ka awelika kanaka ka lolo, ua oi aku mamua o 100 trillion pou i pili ai, i mea mau manawa nui ma mua o nā mea a pau i nā wahi i pili i loko o nā mea a pau pou manaʻo i loko o ke ao nei.

E hoʻopaʻa haʻawina a me nā ho'āʻo e hoʻoikaika lolo hana, noiʻi lilo makahiki a me na umi o na miliona o na dala.

māhele o ka lolo, kā lākou ooieoeiiaeuiiai ano

Ua hiki nō ke manao ia he ike e pili ana i ka lolo lawa. Oi loa ka noonoo ana o ka hōʻike o ka 'epekema o ka mana o na wahi kanaka o ka lolo ua i hiki i ka hooulu ana o ka neurology, neurosurgery.

Ka lolo Ua maheleia i loko o kēia mau cii:

1. Forebrain. Forebrain ua ana wahi i "kiekie" ka noʻonoʻo 'oihana. It nā:

• ka frontal lobes, kuleana no coordinating i ka mana o nā wahi;
• ke kino lobes, kuleana no ka hoolohe, a me ka olelo;
• parietal lobes hooponopono i ka noi hooponopono a me ka sensory pokole.
• occipital lobes i kuleana no ka pilikia makapō kuleana pili i.

2. ka midbrain kikowaena:

• Thalamus kahi aaioee ia lŘlŘ Aneane pau 'ike ia i komo i loko o ka forebrain.
• Ke hypothalamus hoʻi i ka 'ike mai i ke kikowaena a me kaʻike ākea ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana a me ka autonomic NS.

3. ka hindbrain kikowaena:

• Ke medulla oblongata, i mea kuleana i ka rula o ka liluwelo rhythms a me ka hoolohe.
• Ka lolo anei i haawi ala i ka nā aʻalolo mau alahele i mea malalo iho i ka lolo Kamaʻilio me ka spinal kaula hale, heʻano o ka loulou ma waena o ka Central a me kaʻike ākea ko mākou hopohopo kahua.
• Cerebellum, lolo a uuku, o ka hapaumi o ka hū o ka lolo. mau cerebral hemispheres i aia ma luna ia. Mai ka hana o ka cerebellum hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka ōhumu o ka neʻe 'ana o, ke hiki, e malama i ke koena i loko o ka lewa.

spinal kaula

Ka awelika loihi o ka spinalʻaha o ka makua i ka hola 44 knm.

Ua originates mai o ka lolo kumu, a hele ma ka foramen magnum i loko o ka iwipoo. Ua welau i ka pae ana o ka lua o ka lumbar vertebra. I ka pau ana o ka spinalʻaha kapaia ka loloʻohana. Ua welau a me ka hoʻomāhuahua o ka lumbar a me ka sacral nā aʻalolo.

Mai ka spinalʻaha lala mai 31 hui o spinal nā aʻalolo. Ka mea, kōkua hoʻohui i nā māhele o ka'emi'ōnaehana: Central a me kaʻike ākea. Ma kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana i kauwahi o ke kino a me na nā loko loaa mau lepa a mai ka PSD.

Ma ka spinalʻaha he mea no hoi i ka iniiaiie aaioee o reflex 'ike, hiki accelerating i ke kaʻina hana o ka kanaka pane i stimuli ma ka noho pilikia wahi, i hiki.

CSF a lolo loli, he pono ole i ka lolo a me ka spinal kaula, ua hanaʻia i loko o ka lolo vascular ioauoa oä mai ke koko wai koko.

Maʻamau ka mea, pono e ana holo. I kohu i hana ikaika na cranial puʻe, hanaʻia cushioning a me aiiay kuleana pili i. Ka Ikepili o ka haku mele 'ana CSF - o kekahi o na aoao simplest e diagnose maʻi nui NA.

He aha ke kumu poino i ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana o kekahi Kin

Kāna hana o ka'emi'ōnaehana, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka manawa, ua maheleia i:

1. Predperinatalnye - lolo pōʻino ma ka utero.
2. Perinatal - ka wā poho ia lŘlŘ i haawi, a ma na hora mua ma hope o ka hānau.
3. Postnatal - ka wā o ka spinal kaula a me ka lolo ino ia lŘlŘ ma hope o ka hanau ana.

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o CNS māheleʻia i loko o:

1. Traumatic (loa ahuwale). E pono e lawe i mooolelo i ka'emi nenoaiu mea o ka nui keia i ola meaola, a mai ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ka evolution, no laila, ua hoomaluia ka lolo a me ka spinalʻula kokoke leho okolomozgovye loli a me ka iwi'aʻaʻa. Eia naʻe, ma kekahi hihia, ua hoomalu mea,ʻaʻole lawa. Kekahi mau nā palapū i poino i ka Central a me kaʻike ākea ko mākou hopohopo kahua. Traumatic spinalʻaha pilikia ana, He nui aku paha, e alakai i ka irreversible hopena. Loa pinepine, keia lōlō, i ka ia degenerative (pu ma o ka holo make aku o neurons). Ke kiekie o ka poho i ana, o ka nui paresis (hoemi Muscle ikaika). Ka loa, he pono ole nā palapū i manaoia e e hamama a me ka paʻa concussion.
2. Ke aloha CNS lesions pinepine hana ana i hānau, a alakai i cerebral lolo. Ka mea, e alaʻe mai ka muli o ka oxygen (hypoxia). He Heʻilihune o ka hooloihiia hana a kaula hihia. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka wā o ka hypoxia, cerebral lolo e ia no kekahi mau degere o ka oolea mai mehana i ka loa, i ka pu ma ka atrophy luna 'oihana o ka Central a me kaʻike ākea ko mākou hopohopo kahua. i hoakaka CNS kēia hahau me ke aloha.
3. Genetically ka manao o lakou Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana lesions i aie i ka mutations ma ka aaiaoe kaulahao. Ka mea, i manaoia e e hereditary. Ka loa, he pono ole - Down ka maʻi pale, Tourette ka maʻi pale, autism (genetically-metabolic kāna hana) e hana koke ma hope o ka hānau ai i loko o ka makahiki mua o ke ola. Kensington ka maʻi, Parkinson ka, Alzheimer ka a degenerative manaoia e ana ma ka waena a me ka wa elemakule.
4. Encephalopathy - loa pinepine ana me kekahi no o ka make o ka lolo'aʻaʻa maʻi-ma o na la meaola (herpetic encephalopathy, meningococcal, cytomegalovirus).

Ka 'ole o kaʻike ākea ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana

PNS kuahene nā aʻalolo aeee aia mawaho o ka lolo, a me ka spinal Canal. Ua ninoieo o ganglia (cranial, spinal a me ka autonomic). ¶ A i loko o ka PNS, eia 31 hui o nā aʻalolo a me nā aʻalolo a hāʻule pahū wale.

Ma ka ooieoeiiaeuiia pono, ka PNS ninoieo o ka somatic neurons e hoolilo aku Hawaii impulses, a ma ka hui 'ana me nā receptors o ke ano nā loko, a me ka vegetative, i mea kuleana no ka ha awina o na nā loko. ʻike ākea neural hale pihaʻi me ka Hawaii, a me ka autonomic olona, sensetivnye.

hoʻoʻino keʻano o ka hanaʻana

Maʻi o ka Central a me kaʻike ākea ko mākou hopohopo nenoai i nui okoa ma ke ano. Inā CNS eha pinepine i luna ', global mea hoʻomaoe, ka PNS maʻi i pinepine hoikea mai i loko o ka palapala o ka hoʻoʻino keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ka wahi o ka ganglia. I ka 'inikua hana, ua kapaia ia li nui neuralgia.

neuralgia - he ola li nui i loko o ka ciia o hoʻomāhuahua ganglion, stimulation o i ke kumu o ka pahi reflex twinge. By neuralgia D. nā polyneuritis, radiculitis, li nui a lumbar trigeminal nā aʻalolo, plexitis a me ka mea e like.

Kūlana o ka Central a me kaʻike ākea ko mākou hopohopo nenoai i loko o ka evolution o ke kanaka kino

Ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana - ka wale kekahi o na nenoai o ke kanaka kino e hiki ke hou. Ka luna '' ole o ka Central a me kaʻike ākea ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana mea genetically a evolutionarily. Ka lolo i ka hanana waiwai - neuroplasticity. He ka hiki ana o ka CNS keena, e lawe ma luna o ka mana o ka mea pili i make keena, kukulu hou neural pili 'o Randy. Kēia wehewehe i ka 'inikuaʻike manaʻo, ka wā keiki me ke aloha lolo lesions ke kino, i hoomakaukauia ka hele, ka olelo, a no laila, ma luna, D., A kanaka ma hope o ka hahauʻana ma manawa, e hoihoi mai i ka hiki e hele maʻamau. Kēia a pau ma mua ma ka hana o ka miliona o hou loulou ma waena o ka Central a me kaʻike ākea māhele o ka'emi ko kahua.

A me ka holomua o nā koi 'ana i kūpono nā mea maʻi ma hope lolo eha hanau hoi no kanaka kūpono' ana i kūpono. Ka mea, i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka Logical mea mahuʻi ia ina ka Central a me kaʻike ākea ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana hiki ola mai nā palapū, i ka olakino nā aʻalolo aeee mea i hiki lākou Loaʻaʻia e hoʻomōhala mea aneane ole.