Fish Plasmodium: Hawaii photo a me ka hōʻikeʻano

Fish plasmodium - o kekahi o ka loa kupaianaha meaola ola e ola ma luna o mākou Honua. Kona helehelena ia bewildering, a makau iho la lakou i ka mea ia manawa kanaka, mai ka wa kahiko. He mea känalua 'ka mea, ua kapaʻia kaʻaila a me ka poʻe kilokilo a lobo koko. Ma waho aʻeo i kona hana nānā aku, ka fungus i kekahi mea kupaianaha hiki - hiki ia neʻe!

Overview

I loko nō o ka mea i ka fungus plasmodium, a me ka slug ua ike ia kanaka mai ka wā kahiko, ia mea nōʻaneʻane unexplored. Kona wahi loa i ke aupuni Fungi, a kapa bitumena ka hopena he, eia nae, aole ia i i ka paakiki iwi, e ulu ana ma luna o ka vegetative kino. Eia hou kekahi, ia mea me ka nui loa okoa ma ka ano ka mana a me ka mai i ka laulā o nā hiʻona.

Name o ka bitumena ka hopena he (i loko o Helene - slimy Fish) i loko o ka mahalo o kēia mau hana meaola i mua hana i ka makahiki 1833. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka hapa-kenekulia Kelemānia botanist De Bari, ka mea no kekahi mau makahiki, ua komo i loko o mea ao o ka ia, ike i ka Plasmodium ka mea, e hana me ka Fish, a paha no i ka pae ana o protozoa. Ua i ka mea i manaoia ai e kapa aku i kēia mau mea Mycetozoa, oa gribozhivotnymi a oiaio bitumena ka hopena he.

kaianoho koholā

Fish plasmodium hohola aneane a pau ma luna o ka honua. Ua hiki ke ike a hiki i loko o ka nahele no hoi ia, i loko o ka hau, a ma na Highlands. Naʻe, i kekahi mauʻano o kēia mau mea, oiaio hoi i ka poe e noho ana i loko o ka koaʻe ke a arid mau mea, i loa i kaupalena 'papa koa. A nuiʻano o ka plasmodia hiki ke malama i ka pakiko ciia, a me kona deciduous ululāʻau, e like me ka pono me ia ma ke Kaiwaenahonua.

Kekahi o na? Ueo hiki ke ike wale i loko o ke kauwela, oiai e loaʻa mai ka wanaʻao wai i ke koena i ka hopena o Akuma ka. Ka hooulu ana o kēia mau fungi no hoi ia lŘlŘ seasonally. Ano o ka bitumena punahelu, a me ke koena o ka lalo ano o ke ola, e hooponoponoia ia mea, ma ke kinona o ka i mai lākou fruiting kino. Kekahi manaʻo i i ka Fish mea edible Plasmodium. Eia naʻe, ia mea ole. Ke slug Ua make, a me ka mea ia e hoʻonāwaliwali ai ole wale nā mea kolo, akā, i uuku mammals.

substrates

Ka hapanui laha 'o ka bitumena ka hopena he' Oi ka makemake e noho i loko o ka i koe iho o ka popopo laau a me ka lau litter. E kū'ē i ke kāʻei kua o ko lākou mau hua Plasmodium kino kokoke mau maopopo hiki. 'Aʻole surprisingly, eʻikea au i loko o ka hapanui o nā haʻawina mycologists meaʻano nui e wehewehe i? Ueo pili kaʻoi loa me kēia mau substrates.

Loa emi aʻo mau meaola i noho i loko o nā feces o herbivores, e like me ia ma ka wauke o laau ola. Kēia mea, no ka nui o ko lākou mau sporophores loa mailuilu haalele, a no laila, nana ole i kēia mauʻano o ka bitumena ka hopena he ma ke ano maoli, ua paʻakikī loa.

Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka plasmodium - Fish (Hawaii photo i loko o ka' atikala), i loko o ka hapanui hihia ua i nakinaki ai i kekahi i kekahi 'ano o ka kūpapakū. Eia naʻe, he mau hewa a hiki i ka rula. Kekahi bitumena ka hopena he, no ka mea hoike, i ka genus Cribraria, makemake i ka wauke o ka laau no i na conifers. Aia nō ka poʻe bitumena punahelu, sporulation a loa pinepine ia lŘlŘ ma luna o ka lāʻau, a me ka hope makahiki ka haule lau, anei i 'ole e ulu mosses.

propagation hana

Like limu, Fish ola ana plasmodium hoʻomaka me ka hoopaapaa. Mai ia aicieeaao aeea embryo. Inā kona 'ia ka nui kūpono ke kuaua, a laila e lawe i ka palapala miksoflaggellata,' ole. E. i Kumu like e infusoria me nā flagella o kekahi lōʻihi. Ua keʻano o ka hanaʻana i kēia mau kōkua meaola e lana ke alalai ole i loko o ka wai.

Inā ka ona mau mea i lawa, alaila, na spores i hana miksameba. Interestingly, ka luna-i ho'ākāka 'ia ano ke launa pū' ana, a me ka hiki hoi, e kahe ana i loko o kekahi i kekahi. Eia hou, ka mea, i ka haploid kau o chromosomes, a 'o ia hoʻi i ka bitumena punahelu i ke keka keena. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka conjugation ia lŘlŘ zygote, ma hope a moku miksoflaggellata paha miksameba ua lilo i ka vegetative kino - he unicellular meaola i loko o i loa hikiwawe loa ka mahele ana i nucleus. E like me ka hopena, i ka halepaahao ua ulu koke, a pee mucus, oiai e ho onui ana waihoʻoluʻu. Pela i hanau he uuku predatory meaola, Plasmodium a laila ho okumu i fungus.

hōʻikeʻano

Ma oiaio bitumena ka hopena he mea i alakai maka, a me ka peahi-hoʻokino ka lala pukapuka o na kaula (paipu), like me na ipu koko. Ma ke kahua o ka plasmodium i hiki ole i kekahi magnification. Ma keia kahua o kona ulu, oia mea heʻano o hookahi-aeea nuipa a, pena i loko o melemele waihoʻoluʻu. Ka oi maikaʻi 'ia, ka mea nui ka mea, e ulu no ia.

Kēia meaola ua pinepine hoʻohālike au i ka voracious predatory e oia e hoʻopau nō ia i nā mea a pau i loko o kona alanui. A he oiaio, no ka mea, e like me kona repetition ia ka hopuʻia a me absorbs likeʻole koʻohune, fungal spores, hūʻole, a hiki microscopic holoholona. Fish Plasmodium kolo ana ma luna o ka kūpapakū ana mahuahua ma ka buke a me ka envelops i ka ai e like amoeba. Ma keia hihia, ke kinoʻano o ka ai-kapaia'aiaola vacuoles, ma i ka Naauao ka hana digestive nā'ūhū. Ma hope iho o ia he mea omo o ka pono waiwai. No laila, he mea kekahi kaʻina hana o ka phagocytosis.

Oiai ma ka kahua plasmodium ka slug ua luku Ana: unicellularʻahahui hiki a hiki i 30 knm ka lōʻihi, a 3-5 knm ma ka mānoanoa! Ua Ua kākau ke kāpae honua moolelo - he hookahi aeea o ka plasmodium Physarum polycephalum ua ulu i ka huliāmahi kēia mea i wahi o ka 2ʻahā like mika.

i ke kaʻina hana o ka neʻe

Ka Wailele O Fish plasmodium i loko o kou kino, i ke ano o ke Muscle - actin a me ka myosin kaula makalii e ho'ēmi i pili cytoplasm, ma laila e pili ana i ka ripple a me ka manawa kūpono o ka hoʻohālana. No laila, he mea i ka holo ana o ke kino. E kolo ana ma luna o ka kūpapakū, ka mea hiki ke neʻe me ka mämä holo o ka 1 knm no hora.

It pela ka hana i loko o ka papa mai,ʻaʻole i lawa ka ona mau, no laila, Plasmodium mālama, e hooolea ana, hoopaakiki a ho'ōla iho i loko o sclerotia. I kekahi manawa ka mea, ua maheleia i loko o kekahi mau makrotsist a i ko lakou ikaika, wahi me ka mau Kora naʻEsau i loko o. Noho ana i loko o kēia moku'āina, i ke kino ke ola mahope aku o ia no kekahi mau makahiki, akā, i ka wa a ke kaiapuni i maikaʻi, kēlā makrotsist lilo i ka hou Plasmodium.

kupaianaha hiʻona

Plasmodium i kekahi semblance o ka Nine Inch ala, no ka mea, i kahi kokoke i ka ai, ka mea e neʻe purposefully i ia. Ua ua ike ia ma kekahi mau manawa o ke ola o ko lākou io phototaxis Ua hoʻololi i ka 'oluʻolu, a me Fish, mai ka pulu ka papa hoʻomaka e kolo mai ana i ka ili, ho'āʻo ana e Map. Loa paha, keia hana i ka wā o ka hope maturation a me ka mālama nui ho okumu ana o spores.

I hoihoi 'o ka mea i ka wā mau parasites o kekahi ano e "fused" i kahi hookahi, ho okumu i kekahi, he pono ole ke kino. Ma ka oo ana o ka wai koko i loko o kēia mau wahi i hoʻomaka e Punk a lilo fruiting kino. Ka mea, Hawaiʻi a ua mahuahua i nui, e like me ka mea, i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka nukelea fission me ke kahua o ka haploid spores. Ma hope o kekahi manawa periderm aiiay iwi o poha, a he bitumena punahelu spores i palahalaha ae ka makani. Akā, i kēia lŘlŘ wale ma lalo o 'ano kūpono. Inā o ka moku'āina o ke kaiapuni, aole ia i hoopii ia no i kekahi mau ana hoʻohālike, na spores ke nei no ka oi ma mua o nā makahiki he kanahiku, i ko lakou hiki e germinate ana aua mai la.

Ho okolohua ma slizevikov

A pae o Kepani kānakaʻepekema i manao e malama i ka plasmodium, e like me ka mea i loa hoopuni hana 'ike loea i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua. Ka mea, i mālama 'ia i ka ho okolohua i ka mämä holo o ka neʻeʻana o ka bitumena punahelu, hoʻololi ka Ambient humidity. I ka wā o ka lewa i maloʻo, Plasmodium ka meheu o ka hele. Mai kēia noiʻi i hoʻokolokolo i ka aoao o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika waiū, maloo ea puhi ia i ka wā mawaena o ka hoʻokahi hola. Plasmodium hoomaka koke e 'ūlōlohi mai ana ma mua. He mea ia e manao i ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka mea e hiki mai ana waiū. Hana i kēia ka ho'āʻoʻana, i nā kānakaʻepekema hoʻoholo ihola ia bitumena ka hopena he i kekahi semblance o ka iaiyoe.

a me nā haʻawina i ua mālama 'ia a nānā' ia Plasmodium ke hoʻoponopono i na mea pilikia, no ka mea hoike, ka mea shortest ala e loaʻa, Eʻoi mai ana mai kekahi wahi a hiki i kekahi maze. Au pono aku nei au ia mau mea i ka nui, mai kēpau i ka hoomaopopo ana o ka hana o kēia mau primitive mea, a me ka mōʻaukala o ko lākou evolution.