Galapagos finch: ke kumu o? Ueo. Ke kumu no ka oko ao i loko o ka 'ole o ka nuku,

Aie i ka mea i ka Galapagos Islands ua loa i kekahi hapa o ka pelapela a, a i waho, mai ka'ōpū mai o ka honua, a me kā lākou mau flora a? Aaoa puni. Ka hapa nui o na elele i endemic, a oi ma mua o anywhere'ē aʻe i loko o ke ao nei e mai ana. Mau nāʻano a me Darwin ka finches. Ka mea, i ho'ākāka 'ia ma mua e Charles Darwin, ka mea i loaa o ia mau mea i loko o ka kumumanaʻo o ka evolution.

me Kinohi o? ueo

Endemic pūʻulu o nā manu liʻiliʻi, kekahi mau kānakaʻepekema i ka ohana emberizidae, 'ē aʻe - i Tanager. I ka lua o ka inoa - Darwinian - loaa aku la lakou i ke aloha i kona discoverer. Young a me ka pīhoihoi nä känaka 'epekema ua pilihua iho la ia mokupuni ano. He'ōlelo i nā mea a pau finches ma ka Galapagos Islands i ka hoʻomaopopo like kupuna, wau iuka nei oi ma mua o 2 miliona makahiki aku nei, mai ka mea kokoke'āinapuniʻole,ʻo ia hoʻi, loa paha, maiʻAmelika Hema.

na manu a pau i uuku, kino lōʻihi averages 10-20 knm ka papa kuhikuhiE koena unuhi, a ua paipaiʻia Charles Darwin i ka manaʻo o ka speciation -. ka shape a me ka nui o ka nuku o ka manu. Ka mea, oko a nui, a me ka mea e leie aku 'ano kēlā noho ma kā lākou mau ana ? Aneeo niche. Eia hou kekahi, he mea oko ao ma ka ano o ka hulu (ʻeleʻele a me kaʻeleʻele'ōniʻoniʻo lanakila) a me vocalizations. Kiai ana i ka manu, i ke nä känaka 'epekema? Aaeaaaaony i initially ka mokupuni i kekahi wale? Ueo o finches. Ua kiʻekiʻe o palahalaha ae ma ka pae'āina, adapting i kekahi kaianoho koholā ana. Eia naʻe, makaukau-i-ola i loko o ka hoʻohalahala olelo a pau i nā mea a pau o ko Darwin ka finches. Eheu akau - i i ke kumu nui ana o maoli wae. Ma ka paio no ka ola pomaikai ka mea, ua i loko o kēlā mau laha 'ana ma a mea, e hoʻomākaukau ai i ka kūloko ai. ua loaa kekahi kanaka i ka likeʻole ma o na anoano, oiai kekahi poe - na nā mea kolo. Ka hopena ua i ka splitting o ka primordial (kūpuna) laha 'ana ma kekahi mau' ē aʻe, a me kela mea keia mea o ia specializes i loko o kekahi mau 'ai kumu.

E like me ka hopena o kona noiʻi a me discoveries iki Galapagos finch komo aku la i ka honua o ka kālaimeaola mōʻaukala a me ka pohihihi a me ka loihi mokupuni lilo i hamama-ea keʻena hoʻokolohua i mea maikaʻi no ka malama ana i ka hopena o evolutionary keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

kēia nānaina

Hooeueuia Charles Darwin ka pähola 'o ka evolution finches' Imi kōkua laekahi 'epekema i loko o kona e hooiaio ai. Ma ka liʻiliʻi loa kamailio e pili ana i keia nä känaka 'epekema, mai ke kulanui' Peter Grant a me kona mau nā hoapili.

Lākou noiʻi, ka mea hookupaa iho la ia ia i ka aoao o ka mea okoa? Ueo o Galapagos finches mea i loko o ka meaʻai kumu, a me ka paio no ka mea, ma waena o kekahi mau populations. I kā lākou hana, ka mea i olelo ia i loko o ka kŘpa a pōkole wā o ka manawa a me kekahi o nā laha 'o nā manu ia mau loli i hana. finch nuku nui ua like me ka hopena o ka mea i ka mokupuni pono nā kānaka hoʻokūkū, a me ka ai ua kaupalena hoʻololi. Ua i 22 makahiki, i ka evolutionary kaʻina mea kokoke like i ka minute. I finch nuku hoemi i ka nui, a ua hiki ke hookaawale ia mai ka Competition ma ka hele ana i ka okoa ai lakou.

Nā hualoaʻa a oi aku mamua o 33 makahiki o ka hana i ua paʻi i loko o ka puke pai Science. hookoiaʻi ka mea, i ke kūlana nui o Competition ma ke kaʻina hana o ka kahua o ka hou? ueo.

Ua breeds ma ka mokupuni he nui helu o finches, a ua endemic a pau o ia mau mea, akā, me ka loa, he pono ole i ekolu papa kuhikuhi ano o ka honua nei-neʻe pae. E mākou kamaʻilio ia i loko o aku au mamuli.

Nui cactus finch

A uuku songbird (kiʻi ma luna) ola ma luna o ka mokupuni 'ehā o ka pae'āina, a meʻoe ke koho mai i ka inoa, ua pili loa pili i kona ola ana me ka cactus. Keia Galapagos finch hana ia,ʻaʻole wale nō me malumalu akā, i ka ai (hua a me nā pua). Nuku oblong kinona, ikaika, ia mea maikaʻi hoʻomākaukau no ka noho nā mea kolo a me ka anoano. Black, a me oho pūkoʻa ia ma wahine.

Medium lepo finch

He Heʻano o nā kāne mea mele finches, loaa e Charles Darwin ma ka Galapagos Islands. Ka 'ole o ka nuku ka ikaika, mana, pono no ka kāhoʻi wale o ka poe liilii, nui na anoano. Ke kumu o kaʻai me nā mea kolo e (ua hōʻike hewa, e 'ohi i ka parasites, mai ka ili conolophus a me ka manu kuhukukū), a me ka hua. E like me nā haʻawina, ia o keia ano ke malama me ke kumu hoʻohālike maikaʻi o ka wanaʻao sympatric speciation. Aia i mau populations (morphs) e mea iki okoa 'ole o ka nuku. Naʻe, i kēia alakaʻi i ke koena unuhi i loko o ka hīmeni. E like me ka hopena, kanaka o nā populations noho i loko o ka ia ?? eoi? Ee, akā, ka hapanui wale i kela kapa ma loko morphs.

Sharpbeak lepo finch

Kupaianaha Galapagos finch ua pono ike no kekahi o na subspecies - septentrionalis. Konaʻai ninoieoʻano nui o ke koko o nā holoholona e noho ana ma ka moku, maopopo gannets. Hoopaapaa a me ka lahilahi nuku, ka mea, e E'ō'ū i ka ili like loa me ka mea hoʻomaka e kahe mau. Pela hana ala ka mea, compensate no ke kino o ka pono i loko o ka wai, a pau ai ka mokupuni o'āina uuku. Presumably, keia hana i Hawaiʻi me ka hopena o ka ai parasites, i manu hoʻomoe i loko o nā holoholona.

Mākouʻano o ke kiai ana moe dimorphism: kāne a pau i ka hapanuiʻeleʻele hulu, a me ka wahine - poʻo me ka mea eleele kiko.

camarhynchus

Ke genus ninoieo o eono? Ueony, e endemic a pau o ia a loaʻa wale nō i loko o ka Galapagos Islands. Nā aaoa a me flora o ka wahi o loa kūlana a me ka wā intervening i loko o ia hoopuni luku. E hoʻomohala i hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka honua mai o ka mokupuni ma ka pono o ka hoomalu ana a me ka mālama. Ma 'ana, i ka hihia paʻa o ka laau finch mea a ianoiyuaa a ma lalo o hoʻoweliweli' o ka ia'na. Small oho manu me kaʻoliva umauma ola ma pono i kekahi moku - Isabela, i ka heluna nui o ma kahi o 140 kanaka.

O ka uku o ke ala o ka Galapagos finch i hanai. He 'Oi ka makemake nui insect larvae, i kiʻi mai, mai lalo o ka wauke o ka laau i kekahi manawa pilikia, no laila, e hoʻohana kūikawā hana (ana i ka wahie, twigs, weuweu), a me ke akamai nui eli loko. Like me hele mai kekahi manu o keia ano - i ka woodpecker finch (Picture), i ka makemake o nā e hoʻohana me na spines o ka cactus.