Iona Savimbi: he kinai ana no ke ku okoa ana o Angola

Zhonash Maleyru Savimbi (hanau 03/08/34 ma Pukiki Angola - 22/02/02 pepehi kokoke Lukusse, ibid) - he politician, he alihi kaua o ka guerrilla insurgency ku ei ka Soviet-makani hoʻi Angola ka hana aupuni.

maʻamau vitae

Ke keiki a ka luna o ke alahao noaioee Iona Savimbi ua ma mikionali kula, a loaa i ka hoʻonaʻauao e noiʻi i wale aku no. He aʻo lapaau ma ke Kulanui o Likepona ma Portugal, a ma hope hoʻolimalima i ka doctorate i pili aupuni 'epekema ma ka Kulanui o Lausanne, Kuikilana, i ka 1965

Ia Africa ma ka honua palapala uaʻano nui haku o nā panalāʻau oʻEulopa Hawaii - France, Germany, Italy, Pelekiuma, ka UK, Spain, a Portugal. A panalaau ia o ka hope, a ua i ka aina hanau o Zhonasha. I ka 1961 Savimbi hui i mālamaʻia Roberto, ka luna o ka neʻeʻana no ke kuokoa o ko Angola People ka Union (UPA), he hoa paio o ka Popular Honua no ka Liberation o Angola (MPLA, he Marxist-Leninist "hana" aoao). He wawahi ia me ka UPA i ka 1966 a me ka hana i ka poo o UNITA (UNITA), a kaua aku la Pukiki koloniala rula.

Africa ma ka honua geopolitical palapala'āina

I ka 1965, ua hoʻoholo ihola Savimbi e lilo i kona iho ana, a hoomaka ae la e nana i kākoʻo. Ua hele mai Kina, kahi ia a me kekahi o kona mau na kiaaina i kono i ka eiwa-malama hana ana i loko o guerrilla kaua. Ma Beijing, o ka alihi kaua o UNITA, halawai Mao Zedong a me nā koa, a mau luna o na Pake kipi. Savimbi aʻo i nā nā kaʻa mokulele i hoʻohana ai ka pono hope ma Angola. Ma hope, ia ia i imi kōkua mai i ka Western aina, Zhonash downplayed i ka manaʻo nui o kona hele aku la io China. I ka pau, i mai la ia Mao, a me ka Communists ole aʻo wale pehea e kaua, a lanakila ia ma ka guerrilla kaua, akā, i ke ala e ole kahu ai i ka hoʻokele waiwai, a me ka aina, i mea. To, Ka waiwai o nā lāhui kanaka i hana mai i ka Initiative o ke kanaka.

mobilization

I ka hoʻiʻana i ka Angola, hoomaka ae la Iona Savimbi e mobilize i kona ohana ovimbundu a me nā allies. Ke aupuni Ua hoʻopilikiaʻia ma ka hale, a ostracized Âlapa. November 10, 1975 Portugal kauoha aku palapala kumu kona mana hoʻomalu ma luna o kaʻApelika Waena moku'āina. Aia i ka poe ola, a me ka awaawa paio i ka mana, i kūpono i ka Popular Honua no ka Liberation o Angola hai wale i ka hou aupuni. Ma hope o kue MPLA aoao, UNITA kono i ka Cuban poʻe kaua, a Soviet mea kaua i hoʻohana e malama i ka mana. Koke i puʻe wale Zhonash e holo hohonu i Angola me kekahi mau kakini wale ukali.

Aia ka mea, e ku ei ka Soviet domination, ka poe i auou caiaiai ke Pukiki,, o Laielohelohe, a hea aku i ka poe koa hou. Me ke kōkua o nā mea kaua a me trainers mai South Africa, Savimbi hoʻonohonoho i ka ikaika a me ka efficient kipi koa. Mai manawa i ka manawa i ke Aupuni o Angola me ke kōkua o nā Cuban koa, a ho'āʻo e luku aku i ka Soviet mea kaua i UNITA, akā, na guerrillas paa i ka nui ele ele, a hooukaia mai ke aupuni? Anoa, Railroad a me ka lako hou laina.

Iloko o ka Hawaii War Savimbi loaa kōkua mai China, South Africa a me ka Amerika Huipuia, i kū'ē i ka Marxist, Soviet-makani hoʻi MPLA, i uumi i ka kikowaena aupuni. UNITA hana mau, e hoʻomaka kinai ana guerrilla kaua e ku ei ka MPLA i na 1970s a me 80s.

maluhia i mea kamaʻilio

Ma ke kupulau o ka makahiki 1991 Savimbi pūʻali kaua ua hoʻokomoʻia ia i ka Luanda kapikala, a oki i ka mana a me ka laina intercepting shipments. Ma ka hopena, i ka MPLA i puʻe wale akula kēlā i ka ae aku i kona kūkulu 'maoli ka pilina i ke kahua o ka 20-ieeeea?-Dala aie o Angola, a kokoke e piha ka nele o ka productivity. MPLA Pelekikena Jose Eduardo DOS Santos iʻae e negotiate me Savimbi a me UNITA, e like me ka AEeAaOA o nā mea hoʻololi nona ma ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai. Maluhia ae like ana i kakauinoaia May 31, 1991, a me ke kaua i papani ai hoi koke mai.

Ma hope iho o ia, Iona Savimbi, kākoʻo ma ka hoihoi kākoʻo, e paʻa ana i ka koho pelekikena kai eʻe ma Angola. Ua nō i olelo mai ai ia UNITA, e alakaʻi mai i kekahi market hoʻokele waiwai, regular noa ke koho ana a me ka ponoi ona o ka aina a me ka pāʻoihana. I loko o ka hālāwai hoʻeuʻeu i loko o ke poʻo i loko o September 1991, Savimbi aku la ia i ka ikaika o kona aoao,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o kona mau lima, akā, i loko o kona alo kālai'āina.

Loss ma luna o ke koho

Maluhia aelike me ke Aupuni o ko Angola ka kaua i ua papani iho la, a i mea e hiki ai ke hoopaa i ka 1992 noa multiparty aupuni ke koho. losing ma hope o Savimbi a me UNITA laila, i ka mākaukau i ke kaua paio no ka hooponopono ana i ka aina, Kīwala'ō i loko o ka hapanui māhele o ke kula. Ua paʻa hou ke kūkaʻi'ōleloʻana, a alakaʻi ai i ka Lusaka like i ka 1994. e hooki Hostilities a pau, a me ka mana i ia e disarmed. Angolan Peresidena Jose Eduardo DOS Santos, Savimbi kona makemake nui e lilo i kekahi o nā Hope luna, a me UNITA - komo i loko o ke aupuni. Zhonash a laila haʻaleleʻana i ka manaʻo, a ma ka 1997 oia i kauoha aku kohoia i luna o kaʻaoʻao kū'ē. A makahiki ma hope o ka lāʻau kū i hoopauia. I ka makahiki 1996, Savimbi mai la oia ia ia, e aua oia i ka hooponopono ana o ka lucrative daimana wahi ma ka hikina'ākau Angola, a hiki nae kekahi o ia i laila 'o ia i ke aupuni i loko o 1998.

make

Hou anuanu War au i lōʻihi i pau ai, a me UNITA iʻike piʻi pilikia me kaʻoihana kālā. Ma September 1998, iʻalo Savimbi me kū'ē'ē ma loko o ka hoʻolālā, ka wā i ka pae e kii ia iho i ka UNITA-R, kipaku aku la ia ia, a lawe aku la i ke kēpau lakou iho. Mai ia manawa koke nō i ka aoao i maheleia i ekolu mahele. Ke Aupuni o Angola a me ka HawaiianʻApelika Waena Development formally ike UNITA-R. Aka hoi, ma March 2001, Iona Savimbi noi no ka resumption o nā kūkākūkā aʻia maila kona mau makemake, eʻae i nā hua'ōlelo o ka Lusaka aelike. Oiai ke aupuni i koi mai i ka ceasefire like me ka ano no ka hoʻomaka o ka hou ke kūkā ', Savimbi hea aku ma luna o ka Ekalesia Hui, e mediate i loko o ka hihia. E kaua ana, noho no lakou ma 2001 a ua palahalaha ae i kokoke'āina, Zambia a me Namibia. Aupuni koa hoomau e hoopilikia mai Zhonasha, a mahope loaa mai me ia ma ka hikina Moxico panalaau. Savimbi Ua kīmopō a ka a me ka make. Ma hope o kona make ana i loko o April 2002, i kakauinoa i ka maluhia 'aelike ma waena o UNITA a me ke Aupuni Angolan.