Ipelana kākau moʻolelo, haku mele a me ka playwright Bekket Semyuel: A Kawaihae, nā hiʻona makakū a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Irishman Bekket Semyuel mea i waena o ka Nobel uku Winners ai-kapaia ka palapala, ai nonsense. Familiarity me kana hana, i aku la ia e hoʻohana i ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia a me Farani, i loko o Lūkini unuhi hoʻomaka' ia me ka hula "Look no Godot". Ka mea, ua iho la ka poe i lawe mai i ka mua pomaikai Beckett (ma ka manawa makahiki 1952 - 1953 makahiki). I kēia manawa, pau loa i ka playwright kaulana Semyuel Bekket. Radio kekahi mau makahiki ma ia, i loko o na hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni a puni ka honua.

Hiʻona o ka hula "Look no Godot"

Ka mua mea like, no ka mea, i UOAN e puliki heluhelu Beckett - he symbolic hale kiaka o Maeterlinck. Eia, e like me ia ma Maeterlinck, hoʻomaopopo i ka manaʻo o ka mea e hanaia mea hiki wale nō inā 'aʻole' oe e ho'āʻo i hoʻomaka mai ai ka waeʻano o maoli-ola wahi, i hiki. Wale i ka hoolilo kapuwaʻi i loko o ka 'ōlelo o nā hōʻailona olalo, e lawe ia i loko o ka ike weliweli o "Godot," ka manaʻo o ka mea kākau. Eia naʻe, mea ai e lauwili a me ka pouli, i na mea eʻohi i nā ki i ka rula o ia ke hoolilo ma luna o lākou iho nei,ʻaʻole e hiki. Beckett ia iho pointedly hōʻole e wehewehe i ka huna manaʻo o ka tragicomedy.

Like Beckett auhau lākouʻike hoʻokumu

Ma ka hālāwai ninaninau, Samuel, no ka mea i loko o kona mau hana, i mai la i ka pono hana a me ka i ia hana - ia ka naʻaupō, impotence. I mai la ia i uaʻimi ana i loko o ka wahi, e koho Artists e haʻalele ae me kekahi mea incompatible me oe. Ma kekahi wā, Beckett mai la ia i ua ole i ka poe akeakamai, a aole loa heluhelu i ka hana o ka poe akeakamai, no ka mea, ka mea e ole maopopo i kekahi mea o ka mea e kakau. I mai la ia ia ia mea hoihoi i mea ole o ka manao, akā, wale ke ano ma i ka mea i hoʻohikiʻia. 'Aʻole hoihoi ma Beckett a me nenoai. I ka hana o ka artist, ma kona manao, - e 'imi i ka palapala e pono ai i ka hilahila a me kaʻai i ke kahea aku lakou ola. He Ua accented i ka pilikia o ka palapala me ka hooholo ana o ka Kuekene Academy.

me Kinohi Beckett

He aha e na aa o ko Beckett ka manao i alakai aku la ia i ka loa kulana? E hiki anei i ka loko ao o ka mea kākau, e möakäka hou kona pōkole Kawaihae? Semyuel Bekket, ka mea pono e olelo ana, uaʻaʻole he maʻalahi kanaka. Nā kūʻiʻo o Life o Samuela i noiʻi noonoo i kana hana hookahe nui ka malamalama ma na kêia kanaka o ka pokole o ke ao o ka mea kākau moʻolelo.

Born Semyuel Bekket (Samuel Beckett) ma Dublin, ke keiki a waiwai a me ka haipule Kalawina. Nā kūpuna o ka mea kākau moʻolelo, Farani Huguenots, ma ka 17th kenekulia neʻe i Hawaii, me ka manao no ka oluolu ola a me ka hoʻomana ku okoa ana. Akāʻo Samuʻela, mai ke kumu mai i ole lawe kenekulia ka haipule muli o ka 'ohana ideology. "My mākua - ke i mai nei - ua haawi mai ai i kekahi mea no ko lakou manaoio."

i ka wā o ke aʻo, ao hana

Ma hope o këia i loko o ka kula waiwai, a laila, i loko o ka ua Jesuit Trinity College ma Dublin, kahi ia i kekahi manawa, aʻo mama, a laila Wilde, Beckett mau makahiki hana ma ka ao hana i loko o Belfast, laila, neʻe akula iā Paris, a hana e like me he kumu intern o Pelekānia ma Higher Normal kula, a laila, ma ka Sorbonne. Young ke kanaka heluhelu i ka hailona o kana punahele kākau he Dante a me Shakespeare, Socrates a me Descartes. Akā, i ka ike i ole lawe mālie i ka restless uhane. About kona i kakahiaka nui makahiki, hoʻomanaʻo aʻela: "I ua olioli ole au, ke haha aku ia me kou a pau ia, a waiho mai me ia.". Beckett hoʻokomo akula i ka nui a me ka nuiʻaeʻa lākou, mai na kanaka, maʻaʻohe ala komo. A laila ka mea, ka manawa e hoʻoholo 'ia kāna hana Beckett nā me ia iho, a me kekahi poe e ae.

Nā kumu o ka kāna hana i ke ao nei

He aha nō nā kumu o ka intransigent kulana ia e Semyuel Bekket? Kona Kawaihae mea,ʻaʻole loa clarifies keia wahi. 'Oe ke kapa i ka sanctimonious lewa i loko o ka' ohana, ka Jesuit College ma na dictates: "Ireland - i ka aina o theocrats a me censors,ʻaʻole au e hiki ke ola i laila." Eia naʻe, i loko o Paris, piha no kinai ana a me ka poʻe kipi ma na mea akamai, Beckett i i pakele i ka manao o ka loneliness irresistible. He halawai Paul Valéry, Ezra paona a me Richard Aldington, akā,ʻaʻohe mea nāna o kēia mau tālena i ole lilo i uhane mana no ia. Wale i lilo i ka palapala, ai kakauolelo James Joyce, Beckett loaʻa i loko o shefe "pono maikaʻi" a ma hope hai aku la ia Joyce ia ia i kōkua mai iā ia, e maopopo i ka manao o ka artist. Naʻe, ka mea, hookaawaleiaʻe laʻaoʻao - a ole wale no o ke ola mau loa ana (unrequited aloha kaikamahine Joyce i Beckett, e hana i ka mea hiki ole i ke kipa i ka hale o Joyce mau, a hele aku la ia i Ireland), akā, i loko o ke akamai.

Kēia i hahai ma ka lapuwale o Herodia a me kona makuwahine, ho'āʻo eʻokiʻoki iā lākou iho mai, mai ka waho ao nei (no ka lā ka mea, i ole haʻalele i ka hale, e huna mai pesky hoahanau a me nā hoa i loko o ka hoopaa hoi i huki i ka pale office), meaningless huakaʻi o Europa kulanakauhale, i ka lapaau i loko o ka? Aaieou no kaumaha ...

Palapala, ai 'Debut, ka mua huahana

Beckett i kona Debut poem "Bludoskop" (1930), alaila ikea iho la ka (essay) ma Proust (1931), a Joyce (1936), i ka ohi ana o pōkole nā moʻolelo a me ka puke o poem. Akā, aole o makou pomaikai, i kēia mau hana, a i hana Semyuel Bekket. "Murphy" (ka loiloi 'ia ma kēia puke i kekahi unflattering) - i ka huina hoonui o kekahi kanaka ui la i London, mai Ireland. Ua hooleia ka 42 no ka luna hoʻopuka Ka puke. Wale i ka 1938, ka wā i manao, e loaa ana ka poino physical maʻi puʻuwai, akā, oi manao o ko lākou lapuwale, a financially kalele iho ma luna o kona makuwahine, Bekket Semyuel loa haʻalele Ireland, a noho hou i loko o Paris, kekahi o na no ka luna hoʻopuka i "Murphy". Naʻe, hālāwai ka buke me ka mea keʻakeʻa. Oka hele mai ma hope, i koke lilo i kaulana Bekket Semyuel, kona puke i ikeia, a aloha ia e na mea he nui. Before mea la o Samuela i ke hoomanawanui i wartime.

wartime

Ke kaua hopu Beckett ma Paris, a haehae iho la ia mai o ka hoʻoponopono-i hookauia iho hoʻokaʻawale. Life i'ē aʻe shape. ua lilo commonplace hopu a me ka pepehiʻia. Ka pahu kapu weliweli no Beckett, he hōʻike i hoomaka hoa kahiko he nui loa e hana i na occupants. No ka ona, ka mea i waeʻia aʻole e ala mai oe. Bekket Semyuel lilo iʻeleu lala o ka ia'ku, a hana i nā makahiki ma clandestine pūʻulu "Star" a me ka "nani", kahi āna iʻikeʻia ma ka inoa kapakapa Irishman. Kona mau kuleana me ka houluulu ana ia 'ike, ka unuhi ia i loko o ka'ōlelo Pelekane, microfilming. i mākou e hele aku i na awa, kahi Kelemānia koa i kia kai. I ka wā o ka Gestapo loaa i ka pae, a hoomaka ae la i ka hopu, Beckett komo aku i loko o holo peʻe ma kekahi kauhale ma ka hema o Farani. A laila, he mau mahina ia i hana i ka unuhi ana i ka Red kea i loko o ka oihana koa haukapila. Ma hope o ke kauaʻo ia i i hookoia i ka mekala "No ka Service i loko o ke Kaua". Ka mea o General de Ka Gaulle mai la: "Beckett, Sam kanaka o ka nui o ka makau ...ʻo ia i hana i ka hana, a hiki ana i ka puʻumake."

ʻoihana makahiki, naʻe, i ole ai ka 'aka e pili ana Beckett, a e hooholo i ka papa o kona ola ana, a me ka evolution o kaʻike hoʻokumu hoʻololi. He manawa,'ī akula ia i loko o ke ao, aohe mea i ku ole i kaʻike hoʻokumu.

Ka lōʻihi-kakali i ka pomaikai

Ka pomaikai o Beckett, e hele mai i ka luna o ka 1950s. Ka maikai hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni hou ma Europe i ka hoʻomaka 'ana, e kau mai i kona hula "Look no Godot". I ka wā mai ka 1951 a hiki i 1953, oia paʻi i ka Ana Aina, trilogy. Ka mua hapa - ka puke "Ka Mall", i ka lua o ka - "Malone make" a me ke kolu - "Untitled". Kēia trilogy ua i ka mea kākau i kekahi o ka loa a me kaulana influential Artists o ka 20th kenekulia i ka hua'ōlelo. Mau novels, i i hoʻohana 'ia no ka ho okumu kū hoʻokahi, ke hoʻokokoke mai i ka Ana Aina, e lawe iki ano i na mau palapala, ai' ano apau loa. Ka mea i kākauʻia lākou i loko o ka 'ōlelo Palani, a he uuku ma hope Beckett unuhi' ia i loko o Pelekania.

Samuela, e hahai ana i ka pomaikai o kona mau hula "Look no Godot", hoʻoholo ihola e hoʻomōhala i ka playwright. Ka hula "About a pau e haule ana," Ua hanaia i ka 1956. Ma ka hopena o 1950s - i kakahiaka nui 1960s. ka mea, na kēia mau hana: ". Happy Lā" "Endgame", "Krapp ka hope he lola" a me ka Ka mea, waiho iho la i ke kahua o ka hale kiaka o ka absurd.

I ka makahiki 1969, Beckett i i hookoia ka Nobel uku. Au pono aku nei au ia Samuela poorly tolerated ma ka māhuahua noonoo ana e mau ana accompanies kaulana. Heʻae eʻae i ka Nobel makana wale ma ke ano i ka mea, aole i loaa ia, a me ka Palani hoʻopuka o Beckett, a me kona longtime hoa Jerome Lindon. Ua hookoia keia kulana.

Hiʻona no Beckett

Bekket Semyuel - i ka mea kākau o ka nui novels a me ka hana keaka. ho i nā mea a pau o ia kanaka impotence i loko o ka mana o nā kumu a me nāʻano, ma mua ia e hoopau ana i ka meaninglessness o ke ola. Ma pōkole, he absurdity! Ua pono, e ka mea e absurd. Loa paha, a me na mea i ka manao o ke kanaka naue like mea e hana wale.

Paio lua a puni ka palapala, ai 'nonsense, mua o nā mea a pau, ina paha e like me oe a meʻoe i loko o mau paha ia mea ana? Akā, e hoomanao kakou i na olelo a kekahi Irishman, William Yeats, ka mea i olelo ia e e hoomaopopo kanaka i hiki a pau ka noho ana, i ka mea,ʻaʻole he awaawa akaaka, he huʻi irony, he weliweli ke kuko ... He oluolu e noonoo ai i na mea e lilo ana i ke kaiāulu i loko i ke ki ina hana like a me nā mea o ke akamaiʻoʻoleʻa kapu kau mai. Eia naʻe, excessive e akoakoa ai i ka manaʻo - i ka mōʻaukala, ka oi aku no kakou, ke ike ia mau examples. Pau kēia mau kaumaha i ka hoao ana o Procrustes: koa, kahi akamai hana pololei kaupalena 'ia ka poʻe i hānau ma ka oihana o na rula, haalele i kona mau maka, a me nā pepeiao, a me kēlā hou pilikia catches ia ma ka haohao. No laila, i koho akā, eʻae i ka legality o nā kiʻina hana a ka absurd moʻokalaleo. Like me ka olelo lanakila, i mau hoa no ka manao o Beckett, aole ia e hoole aku i kana professionalism - o ka papa, i loko o ka? Aieao o ka hana aponoia e ia. Akā, Genrih Bell, no kekahi laʻana, i loko o ka noho mai la: "Beckett, ke manaoio nei au, i kekahi hou pīhoihoi hana-thriller".

I ka 1989, i kona makahiki 83, make aku la ia ma Bekket Semyuel. Poetry, a Aina, o kona, au manaʻo, no ka mea, he nui na makahiki, e e pili.