Ivan Fedorov Kapaau ma Moscow. Description o ke kia Ivanu Fedorovu

Created i ka 1909, ke kia hoʻomanaʻo e paionia Fedorov - o kekahi attraction o Moscow, i ka i nā haneri o iauaeoia oo? Ecia a me ka poe noho i hoouna kela la i keia.

Ivan Fyodorov

Ivan Fedorov i kekahi kanaka maoli o ka Russian aupuni a pau. ʻOiaiʻo ia i hānau i loko o ka palena o ke kālā no Moscow , kokoke pau kona ola, ua lilo ia ma ka aina o Grand Duchy o Lithuania, a me ka Ukraine, ma Lviv, a ma ia manawa ua hapa o ka Lūkini aina, a me ka mokuaina. No ka lōʻihi manawa ia i hana i loko o ka Moscow hoʻopuka puke hale, e wehe ae i ke kālā o ke aliʻi, i nā kaʻao Ivan Fyodorov, ka mua mīkini paʻi. Kona kia i mua kukulu kokoke i ka hale.

Aka hoi, ka mea, ua manaoia i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ke pai ana. Ke Lūkini aupuni au o Ivan IV ka mua manawa āna i paʻi i ka haipule hana, "ka lunaolelo." Fedorov It no i ka mea mua i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka laila hoakaka pai hale.

Hânau 'ia i ka poʻe puni hoʻonaʻauao ma waena o 1510 a me 1530 makahiki. Aia ka he mana o kona hānauʻana ma luna o ka mokuna o ka Vileyka Apana, Minsk māhele 'āina.

Nolaila, i keia la ia mea loa pōkole Memories. Kekahi noiʻi manaʻo ola Fedorov i ka mea i aoia ma Kakow a lilo i kēkelē. Na City University i ka mooolelo o ka mea.

Initially ia i manaoia i hoʻolaʻaʻia lā iā ia iho i ka hana o ke Akua, a ua manaoia i ka E i ka ekalesia o ke St. Rotehama Kremlin Gostunskii.

hoʻololi hana

I Fedorov hana i loko o ka pā hale Pai Ivan IV,ʻikepili mea i ka malamaia affirmative. He ua aie ia me ka puke o kekahi mau Anonymous pepelu kauoha ma Moscow.

Penei nō hoʻokahi makahiki 1563 ma 1564 hana Fedorov me kona kumu Petrom Mstislavtsem ma ka puke "Ka lunaolelo". Ma kēia puke, ka mea mua, e kau mai i kona hehi iho Ivan Fedorov. Kona kia ho i kaʻaoʻao mua o "lunaolelo." A makahiki ma hope, i ka mua mīkini paʻi publishes hou i kekahi puke - ". Pule"

Life ma Lithuania, a Ukraine

Ma hope o ka ho'āhewa wale ma luna o ka boyars printshop Fedorov a me kona mau hoa holo ma Duchy o Lithuania. Aia ka mea, i noho ai i loko o Chodkiewicz, Hetman o Lithuania, a ua hoʻomaka ka hana ana me ia. kuai Getman a wehe i ka pai hale no ia.

Ka waiwai hele hewa au, a me kahi a lakou e noho ai, aia no he puke "e ao aku i ka euanelio," a me ka "Psalter me Chasoslovtsem". Ka lua o ka paiia o "Ka lunaolelo" Fedorov wahi ia ma Lviv. No kēia puke, i palapala mai ai, a me kona paʻi introductory olelo. Ma pilikino i ke kono a luna o Ostrog noho no kekahi mau makahiki i loko o kēia kūlanakauhale, i ke ao nei ka Baibala Hemolele mua kahi publishes ma Church. Au i manawa e kipa Vienna, a Kakow. No ka lōʻihi manawa, au, Noord me koʻikoʻiʻEulopa malamalama o ka 'epekema.

He make i loko o Lviv, kahi āna i kanu.

ka paʻi palapala

E like me ka lawelawe ana o ka Ekalesia o ka lalo, ka papa, Ivan Fedorov koho, e kakau i ka loa, he pono ole i ia manawa haipule hāʻina o nā haʻawina. He i paʻiʻia kekahi mau puke ma luna o grammar, no laila, ua pau aʻo hiki ke heluhelu a kākau.

Nā ana hoʻohālike mua i hanaia no na buke kokoke i kaʻiʻo nō o kēia hae. Ke kikokikona ma kekahiʻaoʻao kau iwakalua-kumamalima laina. Ka mea, e kokoke'ālike i ke kālā no A4 waihona. Ka mea mua i paiia puke i UACIeIIeXEeAIE EU a me footers, a me subscript a me ka superscript kūmole kaila i ia manawa maʻEulopa. Ka mea, i ma, a malaila Ivan Fedorov. Kona kia depicts i ka pepa me ka like palapala.

mau kala i hoʻohana i ka paʻi palapala. Ma mua o ka lehulehu ākea o ka puke, ua e heluhelu pono i ke kikokikona, e ao hewa, hoʻololi i kekahi o nā kiʻi o ka olelo. Kēlā me kēia hou Mokuna paionia hoʻonaniʻia me ka palapala vignettes a me ka Nani Loa nā kinona hua.

mīkini

Ma kēia kaʻao mea hana, i hahai aku ma ka lā a me ka po, aʻu i hana Fedorov, kokoke iʻikepili. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ka hoʻopuka koe wale ke ano o ka mea ua ma luna o laila. Ka mīkini i ua hanaʻia ma ka 'enehana Italian. Ia ia, hele aku la i ke kuai ana laau wahi. Ia ka palapala i ka pepa ikaika loa o Paulo ma ka pā, keleawe nui hoʻohewa propeller. Ua i loaʻa i loko o ka ia wahi, a me ka wahi ponoi no na palapala. Machine kaupaona ka hola 104 kilograms. Ka mea, i hoopuni ia e Ivan Fedorov. Ke kia hoʻomanaʻo depicts ka mīkini i loko o ka hooakea aku nānaina.

Mōʻaukala o ke kia

O ia hoʻi, e hōʻoia i ka hoʻomau i ka hoomanao ana o ka nui o Ivan Fedorov, hoomaka ae la lakou o kaʻohiʻana i ka makahiki 1870. Nā initiators o ka 'ohi' he poeikohoia o ka Moscow hulikoehana Union. ʻOiai ke kālā, a hahao pu, e koke, i ka ninau o ka pono ka mea e hana ana ma ke kiʻi kaula, koe hamama.

Kia i Ivan Fedorov, kahi paionia kū i kona piha kiʻekiʻe, i kukuluia i ka 1909. Dala, ka mea ohi kanakolu-eiwa makahiki. Prior i ka hana o ke kia ka mea i ohi ia 29 000 rubles, kekahi 'ano kūkaʻi dala i ia manawa. Competition nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone a me sculptors no ka manawa mua pilikia. Ke Komisina aʻole i makemake i kekahi koho i manaoia hana.

Ma hope o akahele koho o ka maikaʻi hana o Artists o Rusia a me na aina i heluʻia sculptor Sergey Mihaylovich Volnuhin a me kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Ivan Pavlovich Mashkov. Loiloi 'papahana Klyuchevskii eo kakaolelo a me ka pena Apollinaris Vasnetsov.

Description o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i Ivan Fedorov

Ivan Fyodorov kū ma luna o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i loko o kona mau punahele kulou ana ka hana. I ka hoʻokahi lima ka mea, ua pai ia ka papa me ka lākou o ka palapala. Ma kona lima 'ē aʻeʻo ia oihana ka mea, ua pono i ka' aoʻao mai o ka puke "Ka lunaolelo." Ke kiʻi kaula Ua i ke keleawe.

Description o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i Ivan Fedorov e ole e piha ina oe e ole kamaʻilio e pili ana i kona mau kapa. ʻOiai ka mea paʻi, a ua he uhane kanaka, sculptors depicted i loko o kona mau ke kahupuaa no ka manawa: lōʻihi kapa pihi ma pihi, mai o i kekahi ke ike i ka lole wāwae ka lehu o loko o nā kamaʻa puki.

Hair paionia nakinaki me ka lipine, no laila, i ole e ālai ia 'aʻe i hana.

Ke pedestal Ua hoʻonaniʻia i ke kapa ana o na mea kaua o Fedorov i loko o ka lima, a me ka pale kaua a me ka wā i hāpai mua. Ma luna o nā palapala hōʻike he wahi kōkua, e like ka pua. Ma lalo o ke kiʻi o ka haku i ka inoa "Nikoly Chudotvortsa Gostunskogo E Ivan Fedorov".

Ka sculptor ke ole kāpae'ōlelo i ka puke "Ka lunaolelo" a kau aku i ka hoʻomaka 'ana lā o kona hoʻokumu ma lalo o ka inoa o ka hoʻopuka.

Location

O kahi a ke kia hoʻomanaʻo no Ivan Fedorov, i wae mai ma ka iho. Noho kokoke iā ia, a ua hookahi he pai hale, i ka hoʻolako ' Ivanom Groznym. Aia hoʻi iʻikeʻia ka puke "Ka lunaolelo" i loko o ka Edition mua. Ka iwilei, ua hookumuia ia ma ka 1553, a ma ka ia Fedorov hoʻomaka e hana ma laila.

A lohe o Petero ka Nui ma keia wahi, hoomaka ae la e hai aku i ka nupepa "Vedomosti".

Akā, inā e e noi i ka iauaeoia oo? Ecia kahi malaila mea he kia hoʻomanaʻo Ivanu Fodorovu, i kapaʻia ka mea, he loa okoa wahi. Ke kumu no keia i ka hoololiia ana o ke kia a me ka pedestal. I ka makahiki 1934, na alanui o Moscow hoomaka ae la e hoÿonui ai, wāwahi kahiko hale. Kitai-Gorod pā pōhaku, ua hala, a me ka mea i hooholoia e ka neʻeʻana i ke kiʻi.

A i loko o nā makahiki 90 Ua hoʻoneʻe i ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka Metropole Hotel. Mai hana Fedorov, koke ka mineta mea nunui, ua he uuku halekiai wale. Aia, i ka mua "pono" Ivan Fyodorov hana. ma weekdays a Kanalua i ka huakaʻi ma ke kia hoʻomanaʻo paa ana, a me ka mea welau a me ka huakaʻi o ka attics.

I ka paʻa o Fedorov

Moscow kia - mea ole ka mea wale olua i keia kanaka pono, me ka uhane a me ka helehelena mea aʻo. I ka 1997, ua weheʻia ka iau i loko o ka hanohano o Ivana Fedorova ma ka Potocki Palace. He hiki ke aʻo hou aku e pili ana i ke ola o ka mea nāna i hana mai o na buke, e like me e pili ana i ka pai kaʻina initially koho i nā puke e hoolaha, a ke kumu i ka manawa mua i paʻi wale haipule moʻokalaleo.

Kokoke i ka iau o "ke kumukuai o" e like me ke kanaka Ivan Fedorov - paionia. Ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i i ka sculptor Anatoly Galyanom.

I ka 1998, ma ka Trinity-Seregio Lavra hoolaa ikona, a depicts i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o nā puke a me kona mīkini. Kēia kea laa, He kū hoʻokahi ma ka mea ia no ka manawa mua i loko o ka holoʻokoʻa mōʻaukala o ka Orthodox ma luna o ka mea, i hele mai ka pahi ahakanaka.

I ka 2009 Fyodorov i canonized i loko o ka Old manaoio Orthodox Church, christened ia John E.

A i loko o ka makahiki 2010, ua hookoia i ka University State o Pai ma Moscow, i ka lā o ka ia o kona mau makahiki kanawalu lā hānau i ka inoa o Ivan Fedorov.

Ma Lviv, ma ke kikowaena huinahalike ku i ka elima-mika kiʻi kaula - moʻa ma ecclesiastical kapa Ivan Fedorov. Kia ma Moscow ka loa okoa mai ia. Kia ma Lviv i i kokoke i ke kahi mea, ua typography.

Kūʻiʻo e pili ana i ke kia

• I loko o ka puka o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i loko o 1909, ka mea i lawe mai i nā mea a pau i nā luna o ke kūlanakauhale. ka huakai i i. I kekahi lā, passersby ike i loaʻa i kekahi kia lei ma i i ka palapala "poe hoike aku Lūkini puke-pai ana." Unknown makemake e, hoʻomaoe pela poe hoomaau ana i kona hoʻomanawanui Ivan Fedorov ma Moscow ma ka laila Aupuni.
• A kaʻao i loko o ka Soviet Union ua Ivan Fedorov. Kia ma Moscow i depicted ma Soviet Ka Uku Leka hehi ihola au iā ia makahiki, e hoomanao i ka makahiki ekolu haneri a me kanalima ma hope o kona make ana.
• oiai e kiai ana i ka manawa hookahi-acclaimed Soviet blockbuster hiki ke ike i ke kiʻi kaula "ke wahi hiki ole e loli." Noho kokoke iā ia Sharapov a me Anna halawai.
• Ke kia kahi kokoke i ka rue, St. Rotehama. Ua Ua lōʻihi Ua kaulana no kona puke market, a pōʻeleʻele loa. Mamua o ke kipi, ma Rotehama i ka oiaio waena o ka buke o ke ola, ka home, mai ke kakahiaka a hiki i ka po a pau i ka Moscow waiwai.
• I Soviet manawa, ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i 'ana i nā puke hou pili. Kona puke unuhi ae la oia ma ka hoʻolaha aha kanaka, a hou papa kāwiliʻai.
• Fedorov kia hiki mai ka Okhotny Ryad.
• Ka mea nāna i hana o ka huahana ua manaoia e ia i ke kupuna o Volnukhin Nouveau a me Symbolism ma Lūkini kiʻi kaula. Ma luna ona,ʻo ia i hana ai no nā makahiki.
• A hiki i kēia lā ka mea, i ole, ua hookoeia mai ai i kekahi hoomanao ana pehea e nana Ivan Fedorov. Kia kekahi kumu kōkua e ho okumu I. Zabelin, kākau moʻolelo Lūkini, ka mea i alakaʻi i ka sculptor, hoʻomālama ma kekahi manawa i ka wa a ka hoʻopuka noho.