Kaʻume mākenēki waiwai o ka mea

I ka waiho i loko o kaʻume mākenēki kahua o ka mea, kona "hana" a me ke 'ano o ka wahi lulu mall loli, e hilinaʻi ma luna o ka mea mai i ka mea ua i. A pau i ike ia mea hiki ke maheleia i elima papa kuhikuhiE pūʻulu: paramagnetic, ferromagnetic a me ka antiferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic a me ka diamagnetic. E like me ia i kēia Mea Maluna, okoaʻume mākenēki waiwai o ka mea. E huli mai ka mea i hūnāʻia ma hope o kēia mau hua'ōlelo, noʻonoʻo kēlā me kēia pae i hou au mamuli.

Waiwai hoike waiwai o ka paramagnetism,ʻume mākenēki permeability wehewehe aku me ka maikaʻi hoailona, ka nānā 'ana i ka waiwai o ka mea mawahoʻume mākenēki ke kahua ma i ka mea huli. Ka maikai ikeia laʻelaʻe 'ia o kēia pae i nitric'okesaside a me ka oxygen ma kinoea, kona'ākilikai-honua, a me kona'ākilikai pūʻulu a me ferrous paʻakai.

Ke kiʻekiʻeʻume mākenēki susceptibility maikaʻi mark (1 ihoiho Mill.) Hoʻomaopop 'ana i ferromagnets. I kalele iho i ka nui o ka mea mawaho kahua a me ka wela susceptibility loli aʻe kaiāulu. Importantly, mahope mai o na minute o haʻahaʻa (particles) e okoa sublattices i loko o ka 'ole, ka huina o cia o ka manawa, he' Aʻohe.

Like no ka inoa, a ma luna o kekahi o ka waiwai ka mea, e kokoke ana i ferromagnetic mea. Ka mea, i hui pu ia e ke kaukaʻi kiʻekiʻe o ka susceptibility o ka wela, a me ka kahua ikaika, akā, ma laila nō oko ao. Kaʻume mākenēki minute waiho i loko o sublattices nā'ātoma mea e like ai i kekahi i kekahi, nae, e like me ka mua pae, i ka huina koke mea nonzero. Waiwai hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o ka noho'na makaainana i ulu magnetization. Palapala antiparallel sublattices. Ka pono ikeia ferrites. ʻume mākenēki waiwai o ka hui ana o keia hui, ua kiʻekiʻe, no laila, ka mea, ua pinepine ia i loko o ke akamai.

Of mau panee o ka pae ana o antiferromagnets. Ma ka anuanu, ua 'ona ma lalo i kekahi ka mahana kali nā'ātoma a me Ion i hooponopono ia ma ke aniani puka olu oia i' ole maoli ai hoʻololi i kā lākouʻume mākenēki minute, e loaa protivoparallelnoe kohoʻia. A pau loa ia kekahi kaʻina i wahi ma ka paio hahana maoli nō waiwai -ʻo ia i kākauʻume mākenēki waiwai ano no ka pūʻulu o paramagnetic waiwai. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike nā carbonates, oxides, a pela aku.

A eia ka mea hope, o ka diamagnetic. Kaʻume mākenēki waiwai o ka waiwai o keia pae mai i hilinaʻi ma luna o ke kahua pinepine ', a me ka waiwai o ka meaʻume mākenēki susceptibility mea io. Inā ka waiwai i ka covalent hoopaa, ia mea he "maemae" diamagnetic. Me ka Poeikohoia - gula, keleawe, inert kinoea , a pela aku.

Kaʻume mākenēki waiwai o ka mea e hoʻomano hoʻohana i ka 'enehana kēia. No ka laʻana, nāʻanuʻu mea hoʻololi uilaʻanuʻu wahi iho la i paheeʻume mākenēki mea. High permeability a magnetized i ka saturation, a hiki ma ka haʻahaʻa pinepine ', ke ano o kekahi wahi paiki hysteresis loop i loko o ka pakuhi, e like me ka pono me nīnūnē poino ma kaʻume mākenēki reversal i koi i ka uila wilikî. Ināʻume mākenēki waiwai o ka mea hoʻopili like i ka palupaluʻume mākenēki mea, no nā huahana i o ka mea wehewehe aku ma ka nui pele, ua kaupalena wale ma saturation. Ma ka hana pono, 'o ia hoʻi kēia i hiki ke emi ka nui o kaʻume mākenēki kaapuni, hiki hoemi i ka nakeke ke kaumaha. Eia naʻe, no ka pono a me ka keakea hoopunipuni - alternating kahua paha ke eddy paialewa ia mea ma o na la hahana maoli nō kēia, no laila, heʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai pāʻoihana ua luluu kaumaha i ke alakaʻi mele.

Kekahiʻano o ka mea - paakikiʻume mākenēki coercive koa i mea ma ka liʻiliʻi 4000 amperes no mika. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka meaʻume mākenēki kihapai o kiʻekiʻe pinepine', ma hope a ka mea i hoopaa mai aiʻume mākenēki waiwai, e lilo ana i pono no ka magnetization reversal o ka loa Mākēneki.