Ka hāme'a wai pa'akai o kahi kanaka: mau hana, haunaele a me ka ho'oponopono

'O ka hana ma'amau o ke kino o ke kanaka he kumu hana nui loa ia, o kekahi o ia ka ha'ina wai-pa'akai. Ke noho'o ia i kahi kūlana ma'amau,'a'ole wikiwiki kekahi kanaka e ho'onui i kona olakino, akā, i ka wā e'ike pono'ia nā mea i'ike'ole'ia, e ho'ā'o koke i nā mea like'ole. No ka pale'ana i kēia hana,'oi aku ka maika'i o ka ho'omaopopo'ana i mua o ke'ano o ka hawewe wai-pa'akai, a no ke kumu he mea nui ka mālama'ana i kahi kūlana ma'amau. Eia kekahi ma kēia'atikala, e no'ono'o mākou i nā kumuhana nui a me nā'ano e ho'iho'i ai.

He aha kēia?

'O ka hāmoku ka pa'akai pa'akai he hui pū'ia o nā electrolytes a me nā wai e komo i loko o ke kino, a me nā'ano nui o kā lākou ho'okipa'ana a me ka hā'awi hou'ana i nā mea i loko o ka na'au, nā'ōpili, a me nā media, a me nā ka'ina hana a pau o ka hemo'ana mai ke kino kanaka.

No ka mea'o ka po'e lākou iho he hapa nui o ka wai, ua'ike kēlā kanaka kēia kanaka mai ka wā kamali'i mai, a he mea ma'alahi ho'i ka ho'ololi'ana o ka nui o ka wai i loko o ko mākou kino a ua ho'oholo'ia e ka nui o nā mea,'o ia ho'i ka makahiki, ka nui Ka nui o ka momona, a me ka helu o kēlā po'e electrolytes. Inā he wai ka mea i hānau hou i 77%, aia wale nō iā 61% ka wahine, a me nā wāhine - 54% a pau. Pēlā ka ha'aha'a o ka wai i loko o ke kino o nā wāhine ma muli o ka li'ili'i o ka wai o ka wai-pa'akai, a he nui ka nui o nā pūpū momona.

Nā Mea A'o

Ho'onoho'ia ka nui o ka wai i loko o ke kino kanaka e like me kēia:

• Ma kahi o 65% ka mea i ho'oka'awale'ia i loko o ka wai o loko, a pili pū me ka phosphate a me ka pālolo,'o ia ka anion a cation.
• Ho'oi'a'ia he 35% he wai keu extracellular i'oi aku i loko o ka moena āpau a he kino a me ka wai'oko'a.

I waena o nā mea'ē a'e, he mea pono e ho'omaopopo i ke'ano o ka wai i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka i kahi kū'oko'a, i mālama mau'ia e nā pa'ipa'i, ai'ole ia he wahi kūpono i ka ho'omohala'ana a me ke ku'i'ana o nā kinikona, nā momona a me nā'ōpona'ale'a. 'O nā kinona like'ole he'ano like'ole o ka pa'a, ke kīnā'ole a me ke kumukulawai, a pili pono ho'i i ka ho'oponopono i ka hāe'a wai-pa'akai.

I ka ho'ohālikelike'ana i ka plasma o ke koko, a me ke'ano o ka wai'ano intercellular, ke'ano o ke kiko i ka nui o ka nui o ka magnesium, potassium a me nā phosphate ions, a ma muli ho'i o ka nui'ole o ka helu calcium, ka sodium, ka chlorine a me nā leona'ē a'e. 'O kēia ho'ololi'ana ma muli o ke'ano o ka pāpale capillary no nā proteins he ha'aha'a ha'aha'a.

'O ka ho'oponopono pono o ka metabolism pa'akai-wai i nā kānaka olakino ka mea e mālama pono i ka ho'omau'ana i ka hana ho'omana'o, akā,'o ka pono kūpono o ka wai o ka kino, mālama'ana i ka pale kauā, a me ka ho'omau like'ole o nā mea'oi aku.

Ho'oponopono

Pono pono e maopopo maopopo pehea ka hana'ana o ka metabolism pa'akai. Hana'ia nā'oihana lawelawe e nā'ano physiological. 'O ka mea mua, e hana nā mea ho'okipa kūikawā i nā ho'ololi a pau e hiki ai ke ho'ololi'ia i nā mea hana ikaika, nā ion, nā electrolytes, a me ka nui o ka wai. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua ho'ouna'ia nā hō'ailona i ke kikowaena o ke kikowaena o ke kanaka, a laila ho'omaka ke kino e ho'ololi i ka ho'ohana'ana i ka wai, a me ka ho'oku'u'ana a me nā pa'akai e pono ai, a pēlā ho'i e ho'oponopono'ia ai ka pūnaeho pa'akai.

'O ka excretion o nā lā'au, ka wai a me nā mea electrolytes e nā pu'upa'a i lalo o ke ka'ina o ka pū'ali pūpū a me nā helmonona. I ke ka'ina o ka ho'oponopono'ana i ka metabolism pa'akai wai, ua komo pū kekahi mea hana physiologically i hua'ia i loko o ke kumukū. 'O ka nui o ka momona i loko o ke kino e ho'oponopono pinepine'ia e nā pu'upa'a ma lalo o ka mana o ke kikowaena pūnaewele ma o nā kālepa sodium kūikawā, e hana mau ana i ka hopena o nā ho'ololi o ka mea sodium i loko o nā wai o ke kino, a me nā ukmoreceptors a me volumoreceptors e ho'omau i ka kaha osmotic o ka extracellular, Liquid.

No ka ho'onohonoho'ana i ka pālakiha pāhana i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka, ua pane ka pūnaewele pūpū, kahi e ho'ohana ai i nā hormones o ka metabolism-wai pa'akai, me nā'ano corticosteroids, e like me ka insulin a me ka aldosterone.

'O ke kau'ana o ka metabolism ma muli o ka maika'i o nā pu'upa'a, a ma waho o ke kino, ua ho'oku'u'ia nā ions ma ka hapanui o nā hihia me ka urine. Ka huina nui o excreted paʻakai koloriside pono hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ke kanaka iʻai, a hana paha o ka paʻakai reabsorption,ʻakika-kumu koena,ʻaʻa puʻuwai omo moku'āina mīkini, a me ka poʻe koa o nā kumu mua. 'O ka loli'ana o nā kinona e pili pono ana i ka ho'ololi'ana i ka wai, no laila, ka ho'oponopono'ana i ka metabolism pa'akai ma ke kino e pili ana i nā kumu'ē a'e o ka hana ma'amau o nā'ōnaehana like'ole.

He aha ka mea i mana'o'ia he kūlana ma'amau?

'O ka nui o nā'ano physiological'ano'ē a'e e komo ana i loko o ko mākou kino, pili pono i ka helu helu o nā pa'akai a me nā wai. I kēia manawa ua'ike'ia i mea e pale ai i ka hō'alo'ana i ka hamo wai-pa'akai, e inu kekahi i 30 ml o ka wai ma ka lā no kēlā me kēia kilokilo o ko lākou kaumaha. Ua lawa kēia nui e ho'olako i ko mākou kino me ka nui o nā mela. I kēia'ano, e ninini'ia ka wai i loko o nā pūnaewele like'ole, nā moku, nā mea a me nā hui, a pēlā ho'i e hemo a holoi'ia nā'ano hana like'ole. I ka hapanui o nā hihia,'o ka helu ma'amau o ka wai i pau i ka lā i loko o ke kanaka,'ane'ane kokoke i'elua hapa a me ka hapalua, a ua ulu pinepine'ia kēlā'ano e like me kēia:

• Hiki i ka 1 lita ke loa'a iā mākou mai ka'ai;
• E pi'i i 1.5 lita - no ka inu'ana i ka wai ma'alahi;
• 0.3-0.4 lita - ka hanana o ke wai e hoomalu.

'O ka ho'onohonoho pono'ana i ka hāe'a wai pa'akai i ke kino ma muli o ke kaulike i waena o ka nui o kona lawe'ana, a me ka ho'oili'ana no kekahi manawa. Inā ma ka lā e pono ai i ke kino e loa'a i kahi 2.5 liters, a laila ma kēia hihia, e pili ana i ka helu like a e ho'one'e'ia mai ke kino.

Ka wai a me ka paʻakai hoonohonoho hou i loko o ke kanaka kino ua hooponopono ia e ka luna 'o ka dukima neuroendocrine pane, i meaʻano nui nona ma ka malama ana i ke kumupaʻa a eia i ka leo, e like me ka osmotic puʻe o ka extracellular kaiaulu, a me ia mea pakahi aku la ia nui - ke koko wai koko. 'Oiai'o ke'ano o nā'ano like'ole no ka ho'oponopono'ana i kēia mau palena he kū'oko'a ia, he mau mea ko'iko'i loa ia mau mea'elua.

Ma muli o ia'ano rula, ua ho'olako'ia ke kāko'o no ka pae pa'a pa'a o ka ion a me ka ho'onā elepona i loko o ka wai extracellular a me ke kōpū. Ma waena o nā kīhāpai o ke kino, he potassium, sodium, magnesium, a me ka calcium,'oiai nā anioni bicarbonate, chlorine, sulfate a me phosphate.

Nā hana'ino

He hiki'ole ke'ōlelo i ke'ano o ka hao i komo i loko o ka pa'akai pa'akai wai, no ka mea, he nui nā'ano'ano like'ole e komo i kēia hana. No kēia kumu ma ke ka'ina o ka hana a ka'ōpiopio, hiki ke'ike'ia nā'ano hewa he nui, e hō'ike ana i kēia pilikia, a eia kekahi mau mea penei:

• 'O ka ho'omaka'ana o ka edema;
• Ka ulu'ana o ka nui o ka wai i loko o ke kino a, ma ke'ano like'ole, kona hemahema;
• Ka hewa o ka pale koho;
• Ho'onui a ho'ēmi i ke kahe o ke koko osmotic;
• E ho'ololi i ka state acid-base;
• Ho'onui a ho'ēmi paha i ka no'ono'o o kekahi mau iona.

Nā hi'ohi'ona'ano

Pono e maopopo pono i ka nui o nā mea komo i ka ho'oponopono i ka wai pa'akai wai, no laila, ma ka hapanui o nā hihia,'a'ole hiki ke ho'okūpa'a i ke kumu kumu o ka pilikia. 'O ke kumu, ua ho'oholo pololei'ia ka pale wai e ka nui o ka wai i ho'opi'i'ia a wehe'ia mai ko mākou kino, a pili pololei kekahi pilikia o kēia pili i ka pale helu electrolyte a ho'omaka e hō'ike i ka ho'oma'ema'e'ana a me ka wai malo'o. 'O ka'ōlelo ko'iko'i o ka'oihana he'ano edema,'o ia ho'i, ka nui o ka wai i loko o nā mea like'ole o ke kino, nā intercellular spaces a me nā cavity carous, i hele pū'ia me ka pale koho electrolyte.

A pau keia dehydration, ma ka huli, ua maheleia i loko o ka papa kuhikuhi ano mau:

• Me ka helu'ole o nā cations, kahi e ho'omau'ia ai ka wai inu mau, a'o ka wai i loko o nā pūnaewele e komo i ka mokuahi;
• Me ka pau'ana o ka sodiki, kahi e kū pololei mai ka wai o ka'aila me ka mea make'ole.

Hiki ke pale i nā palekana a pau i ka ho'opili'ana i ka wai. 'O ka nui o kona ulu pinepine'ana e hō'ike pinepine iā ia iho ma muli o hydremia,'o ia ho'i, ka ho'onui'ana i ka nui o ka wai i loko o ke koko.

Sodium Exchange

'O ka'ike i nā'ano like'ole o ke'ano o ka hopena o ka hopena o ka'āpana o ka plasma koko a ma ka mahele o kekahi mau'eiona i loko o ia mea, he mea nui ia no ka'ike'ana o ke'ano o nā ma'i. 'O nā'ano a pau o ka hana'ino i ke kāleka'ana i ka sodium i loko o ke kino, ua pani'ia e ke keu, ka hemahema a i'ole nā'ano like'ole o ka mahele'ana i loko o ke kino. Ke hana nei ka hopena inā loa'a ka nui o ka sodium.

'O ka nele ke hiki:

• 'Oia'i'o. Hana'ia kēia ma muli o ka nalowale o ka wai a me ka sodium, kahi e'ike pinepine'ia ai ka nui'ole o ke komo'ana o ka pa'akai i ke kino, a me ka nui o ka wela, polyuria, ka wela nui, ka ho'opi'i'ana i ka'ōpū a me nā hana'ē a'e.
• Pākahi. Hiki iā ia ke hana e pili ana i ke kumu o ka ho'okomo nui'ana i nā hō'ailona ma kahi i'oi aku ma mua o ka ho'oku'u'ia'ana o ka wai e nā pu'upa'a.

Ho'ohālike pū kekahi i ke'ano like'ole:

• 'Oia'i'o. Ho'okomo i ka mea ma'i i loko o nā pa'akai pa'akai, ka ho'ohana nui'ana i ka pa'akai pa'akai, nā'ano a pau o ka ho'okoe'ana ma ka excretion o ka sodium e nā pu'upa'a, a me ka hana nui'ole a i'ole ka'oihana'oi aku o ka lā'au glucocorticoids.
• Pākahi. Lawe pinepine'ia i mua o ka wai'ona, a'o ka hopena koke nō ia o ka hana'ākau'ole a me ka ho'onui'ana i nā'ano o ka edema.

Nā pilikia'ē a'e

'O nā hewa nui i ke kū'ai'ana i ka pālolo pākihana, kahi kokoke loa (e 98%) aia i loko o ka wai o loko, e like me hyperkalemia a me hypokalemia.

Hana'ia ka Hypokalemia inā loa'a ka nui o ka hana, a i'ole i ke kumu o ka aldosterone a me ka glucocorticoids o waho, e ho'onāukiuki i ka mana o ka mea pālolo ma nā pu'upa'a. Hiki iā ia ke hana i loko o ke'ano o ka ho'oponopono kūloko o nā'ano like'ole a i'ole ka nui o ka pālolo pāko'oma'o e komo i ke kino me ka mea'ai.

'O ka Hyperkalemia ka hopena pinepine o ka trauma, ka pōloli, ka li'ili'i o ka holo'ana o ke koko, a me ka ho'oponopono nui'ana o nā'ano pālolo pālolo.

Ho'omaha

E ho'olālā i ka hana'ana o ka wai pa'akai o nā'ōkoki i nā lā'au lapa'au kūikawā kūikawā i ho'āla'ia e ho'ololi i ka nui o ka helu o nā electrolytes, wai a me nā huila hydrogen. 'O ke kāko'o a me ka ho'ololi'ana i nā kumu nui o ka homeostasis ma muli o ka hana pilikino o ka hau'oli, endocrine a me nā'ōpū hanu. 'O kēlā me kēia,'o nā loli'oi loa'ole i loko o nā mea wai a i'ole nā mea electrolytes e hiki ke alaka'i i nā hopena ko'iko'i, a'o kekahi o ia mau mea e hopohopo nei i ka ola kanaka.

He aha kā lākou e koho ai?

No ka ho'omalu i ka metabolism pa'akai o kahi kanaka, hiki iā'oe ke ho'ohana i kēia mau mea:

• 'O ka konesene a me ka mea konatela. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ua kākau'ia e like wale nō me ke kāko'o i ka mainrapy no ka pu'uwai o ka na'au, nā ma'i o ke'ano o ka na'au, a me ka hō'ino'ana o ka'eha'eha. Ho'oma'ama'a pono i ka lawe'ana i ka waha, a ma hope iho ua ho'one'e'ia e nā pu'upa'a.
• 'O Sodium bicarbonate. Holo nōhie hāʻawi i loko o ke alo o duodenal ulcer maʻi a me ka opu, metabolic acidosis, e like me gastritis me kiʻekiʻeʻakika a ia lŘlŘ ka wā i intoxication, maʻiʻaʻai, a mimikō, a i ka postoperative wā. Ho'opau koke'o ia i ka waihydchloric o ka wai'awa'awa, a ua hā'awi pū i ka hopena wikiwiki wikiwiki loa a ho'oulu i ka'ikelaki piha o ka gastrin me ka ho'onā'ana o ka ho'okele.
• 'O Sodium chloride. Ua'ae'ia i mua o ka nui o ka lilo o ka wai extracellular a i'ole i ke alo o kona komo'ole'ana. Eia nō ho'i, pinepine nā kauka e noi ana e ho'ohana iā ia no hyponatremia, hypochloraemia, ho'opi'i'ana i ka'ōpū, a me nā mea'ona a pau. 'O kēia pālolo he hana ho'omalu hou a ho'oma'ema'e'ia, a ke ho'olako pū nei ho'i i ka ho'okipa'ana i ka pa'akai kalo ma mua o ke'ano o nā'ano pilikino.
• Sodium kaona. Hana'ia e mālama i ka ho'omaha'ana o nā hō'ike o ke koko. He līlī no ka mea konupūmā, a me ka mea ho'onāuki'ole o ka hemocoagulation. Ho'onui'ia ka nui o ka sodium i loko o ke kino a ho'omāhuahua i nā kahe koko, i hā'awi mai i ka hopena maika'i.
• Hydroxyethyl starch. Ho'ohana'ia ia ma ke'ano o ka hana, a me ke ahi, nā'eha, kahi ma'i'eha a me nā ma'i ma'i like'ole.

Pēlā, hiki iā'oe ke ho'oma'ama'a i ka metabolism a me ka ho'i'ana i ke kino i ka mea ma'amau. No ke koho'ana i kahi'ano o ka mea e pono ai, he kauka pono loa wale nō, no ka mea, hiki iā ia ke hō'eha nui i ke'ano.