Ka huapalapala mua Gogol i Belinsky: hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, Ka Ikepili

I ka kekahi, a me ka hapalua kenekulia i ka hoʻonaʻauao Lūkini ke kaiāulu kanaka, a papa hana 'ole ma o ka lokomaikaʻi, ka Communist neʻeʻana, me ka uku kuala ina hookolokolo kaulana hakakā ma waena o V. G. Belinskim a me N. V. Gogolem, e makemake ana i ka manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē mua.

ka palapala, ai noʻonoʻo loi

Ma hope o 1917, me ka hoopaapaa ana o kēia mau mea nui a pau i komo i loko o ka mau hoʻonaʻauao papa. Naʻe, i loko o ka puke ka mea i ho'ākāka 'ia ma wale i kekahi wahi o ka Hawaii koi e Belinskiy V. G. ka huapalapala mua i Gogol lewa i kona laua i ike maopopo hōʻike kūpaʻa a me kona mau manao no ka lokomaikai hoi o ka-kemokalaka nā manaʻo. Nikolai ia pili i ka Conservatives. Ma Gogol thinker o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni Rusia iʻaʻole wale nō,ʻaʻole e pono, akā, i nā palapala. Nā'ōlelo kūpaʻa i emanated mai ona, ka mea i mākaukauʻana i loko o ka maikai hihia, e hoakaka mai ke ano, pela hoʻololi ia ma'ō aku iaia. No ka makahiki, ka palapala, ai 'kūhelu wehewehe aku Gogol ma kekahiʻaoʻao wale nō. He hana me ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni o "ke kaiāulu i loko o ka mea ana i noho ai." Ua hoike aku e like me ka mea kākau moʻolelo o kona hana imi wale i kahaki i ka hopena maikaʻi, ao ke ano o na bourgeois haku hale o ko ke ao nei, Anati-kanaka 'ano o ka autocracy. I kaʻaoʻao uhane o Nikolai i koe i loko o nā aka.

kumu no ka hihia

December 31, 1846 a hiki i ka paʻi buke o Gogol. Ua kapa ia "Mai i nā āhua, mai hoolauna aku me Friends". Huhū Belinsky aneane koke kakau laua i palapala no Gogol. Ma ka mea,ʻo ia ke kahea aku i ka puke "mea hewa", e hoohewa ana kona mea kākau o ka naʻaupō o aku o ka lanakila. Ke huahana Ua ho'ōla paʻa Mamao aku mai ka holo, a hoonoho iho la ma ka uhiia waho pūnaewele. Russian ae e heluhelu i ka "Kahu Kula", "make ula", "Wii", "Nevsky nānā ana" a me ka 'ē aʻe fiction. Naʻe, ka mea kākau iho i kapaia "Mai i nā āhua ..." kona wale sensible puke. Currently, hoi iho la oia i ka poʻe heluhelu.

lehulehu manao

Book 1846, kena ae la i ka holomua Lūkini kaiāulu outrage. I loko o kēia mau makahiki, ua waiho aku i na kākau i kekahiʻano o nā kumu no Gogol e kākau ia. Kekahi aku la ia ia i ka paakiki, a awaawa aʻe mea kākau nāna i nalowale i ka naauao akau o ka ike maopopo a puni ona. Olelo ae manao ana o ka puke Hōʻike 'kona nawaliwali,ʻaʻole wale nō me ka thinker, akā, i ka mea a pau kanaka. Nō kekahi e'ōlelo aku i Gogol hoopuiwaia lakou hopena a i hahai mai kona nā hana o ke akamai. Ha o ka manaoio aku i ka puke hōʻike i ka ideological fluctuations o ka mea kākau, ka mea i loaʻa iā ia iho trapped ma ka hoomana ana a me ka reactionary utopias.

Belinsky ka palapala i Gogol: hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka mea, unuhi ae la ia i ka laina o ka palapala, ai noʻonoʻo loi hana, e like me ka mea i kākau koke ma mua o kona make ana. Lenin manaoio aku i ka palapala i Gogol i kekahi o nā hana poʻokela o nā aupuni 'ino ai ahakanaka. Kona waiwai ua malamaia no a hiki i ka lōʻihi manawa. Ma mua, o ka puke "Mai i nā āhua ..." Ua hoalaia mai i ka hae, halawai mai la me ka maikaʻi pane ma ka aoao o ke kaiāulu. Eia naʻe, kuleana rebuffʻo ia i ka palapala i Gogol. He aha ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni e olelo aku nei? Ma kona mau laina, haawi aku la ia i ka merciless characterization o ka mea kākau moʻolelo. Manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni i kapa ia "He hai o ka hahau, ka lunaolelo o ka naaupo, champion o obscurantism a me ka obscurantism panegyrist Tartar noho pono ana." Belinsky ka palapala i Gogol, he hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo no i Haʻi hou Petrashevzy a me nā mea a pau e holumua ai koʻikoʻi a hanohano hoʻi o ke kaiāulu, ka olelo o ka pomaikai a me ka manao o na kanaka e ku ei ka autocracy, serfdom. Kiʻiʻoniʻoni e olelo aku i ka mea mua kākau moʻolelo denounced ka tsarist aupuni, i hoʻopuʻukahua landowners kaua maila i ka serfdom. Hoʻokahuli aupuni p ÷ ai i Gogol. He i ka mea a pau aupuni akaaka Plyushkin Sobakevich, ke Kahukula Nui, i kanalua nui kōkua ai i nā ka paio me ia. Ma ka Pahuhopu hoohalike, oia denounced serfdom. Belinsky ka palapala i Gogol Nikolai Vasilievich reminiscent o ka wa kahiko manawa. Kiʻiʻoniʻoni e olelo aku nei i ko lakou mahalo a me ke aloha no ia ia, e like me ke kanaka, ua vitally pili i ke aupuni, ana me kekahi o nā luna ma luna o ke alanui o ka holomua. Ma hope iho o ke kala o ka puke "Mai i nā ala ..." Belinsky i ka loa io ka loiloi 'ia i loko o ka "Contemporary". I ka manawa o kona kāhea iā Nikolai Vasilyevich mea hiki ole ke pai ia, akā, loaa ia, nae, he ākea. Ka holomua loa o ke kaiāulu kanaka, me kekahi pilikia i hoomaopopo i ka pā o ka palapala i Gogol. kipi manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni e kū'ē i ka hai olelo ana o "kolohe, a moe ma lalo o ka malu o ka hoomana, a me ka hahau." Belinsky kuhikuhi mai i loko o ka palapala ana i ka atheistic ano o ka Lūkini kanaka. I ka Ia manawa, ua ike i ka historicity o Kristo a me kana ao ana o ke ku okoa ana, a me ka launa hoahanau like. Palapala i Gogol, Belinsky, ma ka pōkole, ua lilo ka manifesto o ka manaʻo a me ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe iā Rusia. "Uaʻikeʻia ai i kēlā 'elele o ka holumua ai opiopio ka inoa o ka noʻonoʻo loi", - wahi a Aksakov.

Belinsky ka palapala i Gogol: Ka Ikepili

Loa kiʻekiʻe hoolea i ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni i Lenin. Oiai ke aupuni i alualu e hoahu, a heluhelu ia. Ma ka manao o ka Agena, a me ka kolu o ka lala Petrashevists, manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni i mai la i ke ao ka makemake ia. Belinsky ka leka hana like me ka nui kia o ka lawelawe manaʻo. Kiʻiʻoniʻoni i aku nei au e pili ana i Nikolai Vasilievich hou me kahi momona a artist, akā, me he reactionary publicist. Kona puke koi Nikolaev autocracy, serfdom kākoʻo. N. V. Gogol i kaumaha aku ai i ka haku hale, hai mai la ia ia "i ka makua kāne o na kauwa", ia i kuhikuhi mai i ka pono o ka hoolohe ia ia. O ka pā, ua kapaia "unwashed ihu." Landowner Gogol ao mai la oi preying ma kua'āina hana, e kahea ana i ka malama ana i ke alii, a me kāna poʻe kauwā, i ka hooko ana o ka wa kahiko kuʻuna. A pau i kēia alakaʻi i ka pahi noʻonoʻo loi. Belinsky mai la ia Rusia ka ke ola nei,ʻaʻole i loko o asceticism, mysticism a me ka pietism, a me ka pomaikai o ka manaʻo kanaka, hoʻonaʻauao 'ana a me ka noho. He categorically kū'ē i nā sermons hea no ka hoala mai la o na kanaka ka pakiko-ʻia, a no nā kenekulia hehi i loko o ka haumia a me ka lepo. Ma kana palapala i Gogol Belinsky mea kākau kuhikuhi mai i ka hewa i loko o ana i ka aku o ka lanakila. Kiʻiʻoniʻoni i aku nei au i ka lehulehu eʻaʻole e kala mai ia me ka 'ole no ka kīvila, i i kāheaʻia i loko o ka puke. Olelo ana e ku e ia serfdom, Belinsky brightly ho'āʻia i kona hoohaahaa ana. e heluhelu ana i ka hope o "i wae 'ala ...", i luku aku la ma na loli ana i hanaia i loko o ka mea kākau o ka manao i ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Nā mea hou aku nei, mai kona peni i hele mai i ka "Kahu Kula" a me ka "make ula", denouncing haku hale nenoaiu, e lealea ana ia ia. Au pono aku nei au ia i ka manawa o ke kākau i kona puke Gogol noho wale aku no. He mea hou kekahi he hoʻopaʻapaʻa wale i loko o ka noʻonoʻo loi. Belinsky mai la ia oe hiki ole, oe i mamao mai o ka aina, e ike i ke kulana. Ia manawa, manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni, me ka manao ana i kēia mau manao a pau o ka mea kākau moʻolelo,ʻo ka hopena o kona mau hewa, e hooluolu mai ia ia e hana i kekahi counterweight hana, a makemake neutralize i ka hopena o kona mau puke.

Notes memo

Ua luku aku la ma na olelo a Gogol e pili ana i ke pohō wale, a hiki harmfulness o ka hooiaio no ka mea, he pono ole kanaka Belinsky. Nikolai hua'ōlelo mea paha i kona puke - kuleana hūnā ', categorically oukou i hoopailua mai. Belinsky aku la ia ia i ka laina o ka manaʻo i loko o Rusia ua lōʻihi, uaʻikeʻia. A, manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni kuhikuhi i ka nele ana o kekahi manao, a talena ma ka hana. Ana e olelo mai ia ia mea,ʻaʻole ia ma kekahi ala e pono ai me ia mau mea i i e ia mamua hana. Ka hopena i ka puke i ka hua o ka noʻonoʻo 'kāna hana Gogol, Belinsky ikaika hoowahawaha mai. He wehewehe ia ma ka mea i kākauʻia i lawe mai oi ma mua o ka lā a elua, a paha makahiki.

pane Nikolai

E like me ka olelo mai ma luna, ke manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni paʻi ka 'atikala e pili ana hou i ka puke "Mai i nā ala ..." i loko o ka "Contemporary". Hana hewa ma ka mea, Gogol kakau laua i palapala no Belinsky. Ma ka mea, ke i mai nei i ka noʻonoʻo loi o kona puke, loa paha ke kumu e 'auamo i kona piko a. Manawa Belinsky haule maʻi. Noho ana i loko o Rusia, ia i hiki ole ke pane Nikolai Vasilyevich, no ka mea, ma ia manawa hana ikaika censored. Akā, maʻi puʻe wale akula kēlā iā ia, e hele wale aku no. Mai laila hoʻouna aʻelaʻo ia i ka huhu pane.

Ka huapalapala mua Gogol i Belinsky i hoouna mai ai ma luna o Augate 10. Ma ka mea, o ka mea kākau moʻolelo ke halawai walawala lehulehu naoh i kona puke. Ana e olelo mai i ka mea i loaa ma kahi o 50 hōʻike manaʻo a me ka mea, ua pauʻokoʻa. Nikolai ke hoʻomaopopo iho i ia, ma ka mea, he poorly hoomaopopo kulana home 'ole. Eia naʻe, he palapala Gogol i Belinsky e kapaia ka mihi no ka "Mai i nā āhua ...". A, ua hiki ke olelo aku i ka mea i ike i ka hewa o kona mau manaʻo, i loaʻaa, hua'ōlelo a me nā manaʻo. He olelo wale ia e hele mai i Rusia, a ua nānā hou i loaʻa mai nā mea a pau he mea ia ia. Ka hope palapala Gogol i Belinsky Hōʻike he unwillingness o ka mea kākau, e hana i kekahi mea hou, ma mua ka mea, i ole e kipa i ka aina. Ka mea kākau, ke'ōlelo mai manaoio ia i kela poe kanaka, ka poe i loko o Rusia, hiki ole ke hoomaopopo loa i ka pau pilikia. Haliu ae la ia Vissarionu Grigorevichu, oia puan mai ia ia, a me kona aoao no hoi hiki ole ke ike i na mea i ikeia e ia ia. Alaila, he piha naauao o na kumu no ke aha la e ho okumu i kekahi "i wae 'ala ...", hiki ole e. Gogol ka palapala i Belinsky 'aʻole e paipai i kekahi mea, wahi kahea. Nikolai UOAAaOON e hoapono ia ia ma kekahi ala e wehewehe i ka moku'āina o kaʻili kai. I ka Ia manawa, ua Cuticura ke mea, loa paha, i kana mau olelo, e resonate me ka noʻonoʻo loi.

Gogol ka palapala i Belinsky Hōʻike 'o ka moku'āina o ka mea kākau. He ua mau naau, a aneane lukuia e ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Halawai e holumua ai koʻikoʻi a hanohano me ka ukiuki o kona hana, akā, enthusiastically kūkā pane G. Vissarion. I loko nō o ka kākoʻo i hoakaka ia ma kona aupuni puke, Gogol i i 'ike i ka manao a manao. Ma kona pane ana i ka noʻonoʻo loi ia, aole ia e hōʻike i ka maoli kumu i ua paipaiʻia e kākau i ka puke. Ka huapalapala mua Gogol i Belinsky mea heluheluʻana a me ka blurred, hoohalike me ka memo o ka noʻonoʻo loi. Naʻe, ka mea, ua ike ia he hoʻomōhala ma luna o lākou iho. I ka Ia manawa, ua kuhikuhi mai la lakou mai Belinsky ia mea, ua "puehu wale aku no." He mai nei i ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni ignores ka pono i ka ike a pau i kona ike ana ia ia iho, e hoomaopopo iho i kana mau noʻonoʻo a me ka manaʻo. Gogol ka palapala e Belinsky 1847 makemake ola welau. Nikolai Vissarionu Grigorevichu hoÿomaopopo i nä mea wale i ka wa e kaawale aku o ka maʻi i e kupono e lawelawe na hihia i loko o kekahi kula.

mea, ua ulu

Gogol Belinsky kuhikuhi mai i kaawale mai o Rusia, ke kahua manao e e he hauʻoli. Naʻe, ka mea e ole e kokoke ai maikai. Gogol no ke komo maluna mea. Eia naʻe, a me keia, a ke i mai nei i hiki ole ai ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni ia ia iho i na mea he ike. Akā, e like Belinsky, Gogol Hōʻike ia ia mea makaukau, e ae aku i ko lakou mau hewa a me ka hana ma luna o ia mau mea. Ma keia hihia, i ka ia makemake ole e ike i ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a, o ka papa, e ka loa ole. He wahi ia Rusia mea ma luna o ka paepae puka o ka hanana nui e noi aku i kanaka, e nānā ke ola, mai nāʻaoʻao,ʻaʻoleʻana ia ilalo kona poo i loko o ke kipi. Paha Gogol maoli i 'ole e aʻo haipule. Pokole ana i loaaʻi, hoouna mai i kona mau manao i autocracy. He kamailio e pili ana i ka uhane pilina o na kanaka a me ke alii, i ka pono, e malama ia a hoʻomau. Kēia Akä naÿe no ia me ka manaʻo a pau āna i hahai mamua. Eia naʻe, no ka mea, o kona Belinsky ka pane i haalele i ko lakou manao, mea, aole ia e manao i ka. He mea makaukau e hou-ninaninau wale Rusia a me ka moku'āina o ka mea ma laila. Akā, he mea loa paha, ka mea, ua pono ana e hooiaio ai ia ia a hiki i ke ahiahi, oi o kona mau manaʻo.

palapala hana

Belinsky a Gogol he koke maikai makamaka a me nā kākoʻo o kekahi mau manaʻo. Mua, e like me ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni, au i aku i ke Aupuni ka ikaika nohona a me ka mau koi, Hoopaa loa ma ka manaʻo pono o ke kua'āina nā paʻi hua, e noho ana ma lalo o kaʻauamo o ke serfdom ka halawai ana. Mawaena o ka loa koiʻana iā kumuhana o ko mākou manawa,ʻo ia wahi i ka ke kāpaeʻana o ka hoopai, i ka hoike o ka ikaika mākaʻi o na kanawai. A ki koi ua e hoohiolo iho i ka nenoaiu o serfdom. Gogol, ma ka huli, like me ka mea kākau moʻolelo i ka hoike ku ei na landowners, luna autocracy. Ia mea i loko o kēia converged manao o kēia kanaka. Belinsky, a hōʻea i ka nei ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa kulana o kauwa, palapala hou aku la Rusia ai i ka weliweli aupuni, i mea kanaka trafficking. Ma ka moku'āina uaʻaʻole wale i hoʻohiki no ka waiwai, ka hanohano a me kanaka, akā, i ka mākaʻi kauoha. Ke iniiaiie hana o Belinsky i ike ai i ka make ana o ka serfdom. Ka palapala, ai ka hana, ma o kona manao, ua i alakai no na kanaka. E like me ka mea kākau, ike aku la ia i ka luna o ka mea hou? Eia. Mawaena o lakou, nui ka mahalo a me ke aloha, a me ka Belinsky, a me nā lālā 'ē aʻe o ka holomua ke kaiāulu i loaa Gogol. Akā, e hele i waho,ʻo ia paʻi i ka puke i overturns a pau notions e pili ana ia ia.

ka hopena

Ke paneʻana i ka noʻonoʻo loi, Gogol aʻole ole i kekahi manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē i loko o lākou ka lokomaikaʻiʻia mai. He wale hākālia nō nā kūʻiʻo hookupaaiaʻi. No, ma kona palapala o ka makemake i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana, "manaʻo hou", e kala mai, ma hope o nā mea a pau, ma mua o ka lehulehu. Kona puke i ole i ka manawa ike i ka holomua nāʻoihana o ke kaiāulu. Ka mea, ua ku ponoʻano nui i ka mea e ua kaumaha ingrained na kanaka makemake i ka hou, noa ke ola e hoʻolako i ka autocracy ua hikiʻole i ka.