Keleawe - he ke keleawe oka haku mele 'ana o ke keleawe ...

Keia oka mea like ke gula, akā, ia mea nui ho'ēmi. Ua ikeia ma ka wa kahiko Roma, akā, hou-wehe i loko o ka XVIII kenekulia. Hoʻohuiʻia nā maikaʻi waiwai o Nine Inch hehee wale, ua loaʻa keleawe, he akea palapala noi kahua.

'ole

I loko nō o ka hanohano waihoʻoluʻu a me ka nānā aku, keleawe - he keleawe-kiniki oka a pau, ke gula, a me nā mea maikai i eliiaʻi ma laila. Ma waho aʻeo ia mau mau eiiiiiaiou, e hoʻoikaika 'i ka physicochemical waiwai, a ua hoʻohana' ia nā 'ona: .. Manganese, ke tina, hao, silikone, nikala, kēpau, etc. nui, me ka like ana o kēia mau impurities mea i oi aku mamua o 10%. Ke koena o ke keleawe haku mele 'oi a emi ikaika, eia nae o ka lākiō o eiiiiiaiou e ĸokoĸa ana nä pane. Nui ke kiniki maʻiʻo 'aʻole i oi aku mamua o 30-35%, akā, kona kaʻana like' ana oaoieei-oka a hiki a hiki mai i ka 50%.

waiwai

Mai keleawe - o ka oka a pau o ke keleawe a me kiniki a me kona 'ano ma ka like me ko lakou ano. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka ke keʻena lākiō, kona ano loli aʻe mai ka ulaula a hiki i ka malamalama melemele. Kona pa apŘ o 8500 kg / m + ^3, a me ka mahele heheʻe i ka mahana o 880-950 kekelē Kelekia. Keleawe maikaʻi lawelawe me ka puʻe i loko o ka wela, a me ka anu moku'āina, he maikai ÿano ano, ia kaua ke pale i ka mawaho kaiapuni, akā, me ka ka penaʻana huliʻeleʻele ma manawa. Ke keleawe, a me ke keleawe meaʻaʻole manawa oluolu, eʻike mai kekahi i kekahi ma ka ole-hoʻomalu, nae ka mea, i ka paakiki mua, lei ia'ku, ia mea emi refractory, akā, oi malleable a me ka h ÷, a no laila, maʻalahi i ke kō. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka waihona ipu metala maʻiʻo, okoa thermal a me ka uila conductivity o ke keleawe - ma mua o kona e like mea kiekie, no ka nui nō i kēia mau waiwai.

Ka waiwai i loko o ka mōʻaukala

I loko nō o ka mea i ke kaulana loa, a nui loa oka a me ke keleawe - he keleawe, keleawe, he kūlana ma ka mōʻaukala i hoʻokani. I loko nō o ka mea i kona lua o ka papa kuhikuhiE ke keʻena - kiniki - ua hamama wale nō i loko o ka XVI kenekulia, ka mea iʻikeʻia i loko o ka wa kahiko. Romans oka a keleawe galmeem - mea e hoohehee ai, akā, i kēia iaoia mea obsolete. Ua weheʻia ke keleawe Secondary maʻEnelani ma ka XVIII kenekulia a koke loaa hiʻona, no ka mea, he nui reminiscent o ke gula, no ka i ka mea, ua pinepine kumakaia. Ma Rusia, keia oka a ua pinepine kapaia ka "melemele keleawe". ʻO kēia manawa, ma kekahi mau wahi oe e imi i ka inoa.

Ma hope o ka "lua o ka hanau" no ka keleawe ipu hoʻoheheʻe i hoʻohanaʻia i ka ulu mahana i ka 1000 kekelē Kelekia. Kiniki keleawe hui Ua paʻa kūhohonu loa, a ina uaʻaʻohe huikala, a laila, i ka auoiaea o ke koi 'ia hopena. Products i no keia oka a ua ua hoʻohana kaiāulu no ka mea, o kona haʻahaʻa uku a me ka waiwai e ae. Ma ke ala, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea ia no ka manawa lōʻihi ma ka mōʻaukala buke kakau iho la oia i ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i Minin a Pozharsky ma Moscow, hoolei aku i loko o ke keleawe, hoola hou aku la ia ma ka mea ka mea, ua i mai o kekahi okoa oka a pau o ke keleawe - keleawe. I kēia lā, ua lako mea no ka hailona o ka palapala noi, no laila, e pono no accessibility a me ke ao hope ma laila, paha koke.

? eaia

E like me ua lilo maopopo, keleawe - mea he oka a pau o ke keleawe me ka kiniki, a (ina e pono ai) kekahi'ē aʻe eiiiiiaiou, akā, he mea hoʻokahi liʻiliʻi pilikia. Ka oi aku keia pilikia he leo i loko o kālepa? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Ka nui, e hoike ana i ka mahele heheʻe i ka wahi o ka OAOOUIEeE nui loa kaawale kiniki a me ke keleawe ulaula, no laila, e hoopau i ka pilikia o ka loaa ana i ka oka a ua hou a hiki i ka ligature - he uuku nui o ka hoʻopau 'ana i haku mele' ana.

E möakäka hou aaioee hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka makemake hopena. Ke oka a ua hou a hiki i ka 'ē aʻe eiiiiiaiou, ua doped, punched, hoʻokino, a no laila, ma luna, D. loko o nā pilikia a pau, honua? Iecaianoaaiiuo a me ka hokii, o ia huahana i koe ma ka pae kiʻekiʻe.

Ano a me ka hae

Mua o nā mea a pau, maopopo ma waena o hana a me ka hoolei keleawe. GOST eaaaony nā keʻena no ia: 15527-07 a me 17711-93 pakahi. Ma Rusia manaʻo kou oka a pau e like me ka "L" me ka helu, a IeOOAOeAAYAaE ka like ana o ke keleawe. Inā, eia nae, he hailona o eiiiiiaiou, ka hopena ua omaka e nana i kekahi mea e like keia: LAZhMts66-6-3-2. Kēia, e manao ia, ma ka hou ana i 66% keleawe, keia hoailona kikowaena 6% Aluminum, 3% hao a me ka 2% manganese. Ka like ana o ke kiniki he pōpilikia me ka likeʻole ma waena o 100% a me ka nui o nā kumu mua. Ma keia hihia 23%. By analogy inoa a me nā momoku ahi keleawe. Kēia mau mea hoʻonui ae i ka oka a pau, e kuai hou waiwai a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi na poʻe. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka manaʻo kōkua o ke keleawe o nā waiwai, mau haawiia keia i like kona Aluminum, silikone, a me ka zhelezomargantsovistoy m. P.

Ma Europa, a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia aponoia nā inoa lama e like me CuZn37 a S27200. ka lākiō o impurities kekahi loli aʻe iki akā, ma ka nui o ka haku mele 'ana o ke keleawe, mai kekahi mau Manufacturers lawaʻaʻahu.

Eia kekahi, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka kiniki ka maʻiʻo ma ke oka mea kaulana tombak (10%) a me ka polutompaki (mai 10% e 20%). Akā, i kekahi manawa, i kekahi mau ahi kuai aʻe, e like me ka laulā o ke kumu o pono. A ike okoa ia ka "kai", "hora" a me ke keleawe i kekahi'ē aʻe.

palapala noi

Mau mea o ka pono o keia oka a pau, aole ia i helu. Ke pili cheapness a me ka nanea o ka aaioee, e like me kona waiwai ae keleawe iʻaneʻane paʻa. Ua huki i ka uea a me ua mau laau la, punched loko a lahilahi o ka mea,ʻo ia a hiki i ka thinnest pepa kini.

Paipu, ka poe liilii, a me ka nui loa, e pono, kiwikā - ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ke kaʻa hana, mea, kemika, a ua hoʻohana' ia i loko o ka hana o nā Nani Loa hehee wale, insignia, etc. kēia mau mea wale nō i ka pōkole papa inoa ... Ua mea a pau a puni mākou, a ma ka mea keleawe - he keleawe oka a me kiniki - he 'ano, he pono ole hehee wale. No laila, paha, kona universality a me ka accessibility o nā mea a pau ma ka lima pono.

Ma ka Jewelry hana

Ua Ua ana ea i ka Jewelry e e i ka mea maikai i eliiaʻi: he gula, he kala, platinum. Akā, pahaohao mai la i ko lakou mau rula, a ua noho no kekahi manawa i ka lā, he nui nā wāhine makemake i ka naauao a Jewelry. Ke keleawe, ke ano o ka i mea e kokoke ana i ke gula, i loko o keia hihia, ka paʻa mau. Eia hou kekahi, ia lends ia wahi aku me ka anaiia, no laila, i ka pono a me ka haku mele 'ana talena jeweler Jewelry, i ka oka a pau, ke nana loa nani a me ka pipiʻi. No laila, i laymen e ole i hāʻupu aʻe i ia mea i ke gula, a me ke keleawe. Photos pele pono, aole e hoolilo aku i ka nani o finelyʻano huahana, no laila ia mea maikaʻi, e koho ia Jewelry i loko o kanaka.

Ua hana ia hoʻoipoipoʻana e ae aku no i ka allergies a me nā mea ukiuki. Ma mua kilohi ia i mea i ka pau hewa mea keleawe. Akā, e like me ka rula, ia mea ole. Ma ka hapanui o na hihia, he pathological naoh ka nikala, aʻo ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ka nohona ma nānā aku o ka oka a mea nui hou maikai kona helehelena. Inā he mea i ka welelau o ka allergy i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia mea maikaʻi e koho Jewelry, kekahi hapa o ka i mai,ʻaʻole i keia ke keʻena. Nō kāu, Manufacturers ke koho 'ia i kēia kaawale.

analogs

Mai keleawe - o ka oka a pau o ke keleawe a me ka kiniki, kahi loaʻa nō nui mua, ka mea e hōʻike i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia maemae (kela mea keia mea kaawale) i maikaʻi ka waiwai, akā, ua ka manaʻo pohihihi ua hoʻohana 'ia e emi i ka lilo o ka mea. I mea ia mea,ʻaʻole pēlā. Keleawe i loko o ke gula palapala mea keakea e like me instability i ka popopo, haʻahaʻa ductility like me ka oka a pau o ka kiniki a me ka'āina fragile. Ke keleawe organically hiehie i ka maikai waiwai o nā eiiiiiaiou vzavimokompensiruya keakea.

Other keleawe oka a - keleawe, cupronickel, etc. - .. Ua i hiki ole i maopopo kapaia analogues. Ka mua emi ea, a oi lohi loa, ana i ka lua o ka mea i hala loa refractory, a no ka mea, o ka mea nikala maʻiʻo hiki i ili ae hookaawale. Eia hou, i nakinakiʻia i nā mawaho ano no ka mua wahi keleawe. Kala like 'ole i' ano like me ke gula, nā pūʻulu ia iho ma ke kaʻawale mai o ka ole he uʻi eleele ke keleawe a me ka silvery nikala kala.

honua market

Hanalima? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ke keleawe hoomaka aneane koke ma hope o kona hou-puka. Koʻu mahalo i kona kūlana waiwai, hoomaka ae la metallurgists e kūkulu i ka hou au i loko o ka hana. I keia la, i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie a me ka hokii, o ke keleawe hilinaʻi nui pili kēia ma luna o ka moku'āina o ko ke ao nei keleawe market. Kona ulu napoo haawi kumu e manaoio ana i ke koi no ka oka a pau a hiki i haule. No hoi, ke wānana e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana i kēia mau hana hou ma mua o maikaʻi, hoʻowahāwahā pilikia e like me ka ka ho'ēmiʻana i loko o na mea i eliia quality, nele o ka pono, a me ka nohona pili tensions ma ka nui ana o ka keleawe - Chile a me kekahi mau 'āina ma Africa.

Ke kumu nui nā mea kūʻai mai o ke keleawe, keleawe, a pela e hoʻokele waiwai ulu'āina o 'Eulopa, a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, Kina, Iapana a me na mea e ae. Ma nā makahiki, i ke koi no kēia mau mea ua wale e ulu ana, kuhikuhi aie i ka Hawaii. Ua i kekahi kanaka nunui ua lele akula nō i loko o ka hapalua like-2000s, i ke kumukuai o cu i koe ma ka ia a pau-manawa kiʻekiʻe. Eia naʻe, i loko o 2016 ka mea, ua manaoia i ka piko kaumaha ai oukou ia, i mea paha e kāhea i ka emi o nā kumukūʻai.