Lamp kaʻaila: hoaai e hoʻohana. Kerosene ipukukui, "Die Fledermaus"

Kerosene - a me ka aniani moakaka wai a me ka yellowish aka, i mea no ka hopena o kaʻaila kā hoohehee maemae au ia. Okoa kekahi ala a me ka oily hana mau. He nui na ano o ka pili 'o Randy. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia ma ka hana a me ka maʻamau o ke ola. Ua lawelawe 'ana me maunakea wahie kerosene. Ke kumu kuai o ia mea nunui haʻahaʻa ma mua, e laʻa me, kakolina a kakolina diesel wahie.

I waena o nā 'ano o ka hydrocarbon hua mai la i ka nui kaʻana like' ana i kau iho kerosene. About ia ia, a ana au i ke hou i loko o ka pauku.

Kaniak kerosene

Kupaianaha waiwai o ka aila, e hoʻololi 'ana i kā lākou' ano like me ka hopena o ka distillation ike nui kenekulia aku nei. Akā wale nō i loko o ka XVIII kenekulia, hoomaka ae la makou e hoʻohana i nā huahana loaa i ka hopena o keia kaʻina. Oia laila, i nā kānakaʻepekema kakau iho la ia me ka hopena o ka distillation o ka aila hoʻololi kona ano mai ka pouli, e hoomalamalama yellow. Ua Ua kaulana ia, ma ka Akä naÿe i ka hoʻomaka mea, o ka malamalama illuminates ka waiwai loa wale. Mau loina hana i ke kumu no ka hou ana e loaa kaʻaila a me ka kerosene.

Kerosene ua loaa mai kaʻaila kā ma distillation, ia (a rectification). Ka lua o koho - hoʻopōʻaiapuni o ka ia "ʻeleʻele gula". Ma kekahi mau hihia, o ka haku mele 'ana ua hoolilo i ka hou hydrotreating. Kēia kaʻina hoonui ae i ka mea e like ai o ka waiwai. E like me ka hopena o kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana aromatics maʻiʻo ma ka mea, ua like ia 14-30%.

A hōʻea kerosene loaa mai ka mea kerosene. No keia la mahope ua hoolilo i ka hydrotreating. Inā mākou e manao i kēia kaʻina mai ka Nine Inch wahi o Hawaii, ka hydrogen nā'ātoma pili i ka hydrocarbon nā lātoma mea e mai i ka kerosene. E like me ka hopena, e uhaʻiʻia nā nā lātoma onaona hydrocarbons me ka luaipele a me nā Nine Inch hehee wale. Pela ka hoʻokali kūpono 'eiiiiiaiou e wehe.

'ole

I ka haku mele 'ana o ka kerosene mai i ike "ideas". Ua hiki oko ma ke 'ano o ka maka aila, mai i ka mea, ua i, e like me, mai ke ano o kona aaioee. Nā waiwai hookomoia ma o ka haku mele 'ana, noho ua hoʻololiʻia. Loli wale nō kā lākou pakeneka. Ke kumu nui loa ua noho ia ma nāʻano likeʻole o nā hydrocarbons. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka haku mele 'ana a me nā' ano o ka loli ana o ka waiwai wale.

Eiiiiiaiou o kerosene i ka hahai ana i ke ano o ka mai o carbon.

• Kaupalena aliphatic, kona maʻiʻo e ĸokoĸa ana nä pane mai ka 20 a hiki i 60% o ka nui o ka leo.
• Naphthenic (20 e 50%).
• Bicyclic onaona - mai ka 20 a hiki i 30%.
• Ka maʻiʻo o unsaturated hydrocarbons i e mai i ka 2%.

Ke koena i impurities o ka oxygen, luaipele a me ka naikokene i huiʻia. ʻO ka sulfur maʻiʻo o ka kerosene hoʻomālamalama, aole ia i oi aku mamua o 0,1 pakeneka ma ka lilo ana o ka hydrogenation kaʻina.

Laulā o ka i

Lamp ka aila ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kukui. Mea i ka inoa, keia mea i kona papa kuhikuhiE akā, i ka mea wale 'āpana o ke ana.

Ua pili kekahi i ka hale nā mīkini home no ka paio hahana maoli nō paha imu. Mau nā:

• Kerosene kapuahi - paio hahana maoli nō ka manaʻo, a hoʻohana 'ia e laha. o ka wā o kona hana i pololei'ā o ka kerosene, ia pono evaporates. Manawa a hiki i keia, aole mea i ho okumu ana o ka pouli.
• Kerosene kapuahi, a oko a mai ka mua o laha 'ma ka mea i ka mea, ua ano e ke ahi kerosene. No laila, e hoʻohana 'ē aʻe Vedas kerosene hiki ole e ku pono ana i ka mea e hiki kahua o ka pouli.
• Primus, i mea like me ke kinoea puhiʻino. Ua i kekahi wale nāʻano o ka wahie. Ua Ua pinepine ia me iauaeoia oo? Ecia a me ka lawaia.

Kekahi wahi o ka i - na machines i kua i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia. Prevalence i loko o kēia mau mea aieʻano nui i ka mea i ka lapalapa ma ka'ā nicotine kerosene.

Eia kekahi, i kēia 'ano o ka kerosene ua hoʻohana' ia e like me'ūheheʻe. He noi i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o adhesives, pena, laholio, i loko o ka hale (no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe lole, ili ka waiwai, a no laila, ma luna).

"Die Fledermaus"

Kerosene kukui lilo iho la no na mea he nui ia oukou, mai ka hala, a au makemake e hoomanao i kekahi manawa. Mau kanaka nou lākou ma ka hale manawa. Akā, i oe i poina i kēia? No ka laʻana, he kerosene ipukukui, "Die Fledermaus". ʻO wai ka mea, aole ia i hoomanao ia? He mea maoli, e hoÿomaopopo i nä mai o ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi. Keia, o ka papa, mea ole ka kūhelu inoa. Akā, i ke ana i ka mea i kapaʻia i loko o na kanaka. A Ua pili keia me ka haalulu lapalapa. He flickered, o Hoamakeikekula i ka poe hewa, a ua ana oki mai o ka manaʻo. O lakou nei na Memories o ka a au e makemake mai i ka hoʻopoina. He nui na kapa ia Lyrics. No laila, e hoʻi iā mākou i ka manaʻo.

Kerosene Lamp "Die Fledermaus" a kuai i ka manawa. Ua hiki e he kiʻi mea hoʻonani o ka hale a me ka lanai. Kona waiwai i keia mea ma kahi o ewalu a me ka hapalua tausani rubles.

ano waiwai

akaka nenoaiu o ka hae e hoakaka i ka walaʻauʻana waiwai o ka mea a me ka 'ona hoʻomohala i loko o Rusia. Ua mea i koe a me ka kukui aila. GOST 11128-65 a me GOST 4753-68 i ke kumu o kiko'î e pono e hui, kēia flammable wai.

Inā e hana kerosene no ka kau iho, ka mea, Ua pono, e lawe i loko, no ka kiekie ana o ka uahi wahi, luaipele maʻiʻo, waihonaʻike wahi, a me ka turbidity. Hope 'inideka characterizes i ka hiki ana o ka hydrocarbon, e kuni i ka mea i haʻahaʻa mahana. Eia kekahi, kukui kerosene e komo i ka i kā mākou e hiki dala o ka malamalama welau (a laila, i ka palena o aliphatic hydrocarbons).

Ano o ka ho'ā nā kerosene

Kēia hui e i kekahi mau hoailona ia mea, kela mea keia mea o ka a i kona mau ano. Ka loa, he pono ole ka kukui aila Ko-25. I ka mea i hana i kekahi kukui lapalapa'ā ma a ole ka pouli ho okumu a me nā palapala i huiʻia. Eia hou, he mau mea ano o ka mālamalama kerosene like me ka ka-20, nā-22, nā-30.

A pau i ka laha 'i ka ia ka maʻiʻo o ka luaipele mea i oi aku mamua o 0,003 pakeneka o ka huina. He ka ia a me kaʻakika helu ole e oi aku i nā kiʻi o 1,3%.

Kerosene kau iho Ko-30 i ka haahaa nuʻa, i mea 0,790 nā huna no knm ³ ma ka wela o ka 20 degere. ʻO ia mau huahelu, akā, me ka palena iki o ka 0,830 nā huna no knm ^3, pili i ke Ko-20.

Flash wahi no ka-30 i 48 degere. No nā 'ano o ka kerosene, keia nui' aʻole e hāʻule ma lalo kanaha degere. I ka Ia manawa, i ke ao wahi no nā 'ano o ka -15 degere. Wale ka mālamalama kerosene papa Ko-20 i ke ao wahi mahana o ka hua he umikumamalua degere.

Ke kumu o ka mea

E pehea ka nui o kou pono e pana aku au i ke kālā e kūʻai kerosene i ka ike. Kona kumukuai, e hilinaʻi ma na mea he nui aʻe, a me ma luna o kona 'ano.

Ke'ī mai, i ka waiwai e lilo aku no ka ipukukui aila Ko-25 hoomaka ma 35 rubles no kilogram, a me 50 keneta no hano, ina ka e kuai ia ma ka bulk. I ka ipu o ka uuku ka leo o ka wahie, e e oi pipiʻi (ma kahi o 70-100 rubles no hano).

Lampʻaila mea he kaulana huakūʻai i keia manawa. Universal ano ae aku ia ia e noho ma ke koi ana i kekahi mau mea o ka hana a me ka amo.