Launch a me ka 'ole o ka platelets

Platelets, a i ke hoʻololi i ka hana me ka manawa e koko poho, kapa platelets. Ka mea loaa ma ka wahi ā 'inoʻino kekahi i kekahi ipu koko a clog ia me ke kupaianaha polokalamu mākaʻikaʻi.

helehelena papa

ka 'ole o nā platelets hiki ke ike ma lalo o ka microscope. Ka mea, nana e like me ka iwi kuamoʻo, i ke anawaena o ka i loli aʻe mai ka 2 a hiki i 5 microns. Ka buke o kela a me keia o ia mea a puni 5-10 microns ^3.

Ma kona 'ole, nā platelets i ka luna' Mix. He ua poe ma ka microtubule'ōnaehana, membranes, organelles a me microfilaments. Hoikehonua, loea ae e oki i ka hohola-ʻaeto una honua i loko o nā māhele, a me līkaia no ia i ka helu o cii. I ka mea pehea, ua hiki ke kuhikuhi i nā hiʻona o ka platelet 'ole. Kēlā me kēia papa ninoieo o kekahi mau papa: kaʻike ākea ciia, ka Sol Hoopii-tuko pīlali, intracellular organelles. Ka mea, kēlā i kā lākou mau kuleana pili i a me ka hana.

mawaho, ahu iho

Uaʻike ākea wahi maupaʻa i ka ekolu-ahu ihoʻili lahilahi. Platelet 'ole e like me ia ma kaʻaoʻao ma waho ona mea he ahu iho la iloko ona i kakauia plasmatic aʻe kuleana no ka clotting o ke koko, i ho'ākāka' receptors a me nā'ūhū. kona mānoanoa Ua emi o 50 HI. Receptors o keia platelet, ahu iho i kuleana no ka ho'ā hope o kēia mau keena a me kā lākou kākoʻo no ka mea pīlali (adherence e subendothelium) a me ka aggregation (kūpono interconnected).

Nō hoʻi, i ka phospholipidʻili lahilahi maupaʻa he kūikawā ololi o ke 3 a no laila,-kapa mua. Kēia kuleana He kuleana no ka ho okumu ana i hana coagulation eiiieaenu pu me ka wai koko kumumea kuleana no ke koko clotting.

Eia hou kekahi, ia mea arachidonicʻakika. He mea nui i ke keʻena o ka phospholipase A. E ka mea kūpono ai kaʻakika koi 'ia no ka hoʻololi kemikala o prostaglandins. Lakou, ma ka huli, e manao ia no ka ho okumu ana o thromboxane A _2, a ua koi 'ia no ka potent platelet aggregation.

glycoproteins

platelet 'ole' aʻole e kaupalena 'ia e ke alo o ka pāʻili lahilahi. Kona lipid bilayer i glycoproteins. Ka mea, i ke hoʻololi i ka nakinaki ia platelets.

Penei, glycoprotein au i ka mea loaʻa i mea kuleana no ka IeIIeYOA e subendothelial collagen mau keena koko. Ua hoʻolako i ka mea pīlali o platelets, hohola ia, a e kuhikuhi ana ia lakou me kekahi kumuʻiʻo - fibronectin.

Glycoprotein II ua papahana no nā 'ano o ka platelet aggregation. Ua hoʻolako i ka paa ana o fibrinogen i loko o ke koko o kēia mau keena. Ia mea ma kēia kaʻina mau unabated aggregation a me ka ho'ēmiʻana (retraction) o ka ahui.

Akā, glycoprotein V no ka malama ana platelet hui. He ua hydrolyzed ma thrombin.

Inā i mai la, ahu iho emi plateletʻili lahilahi glycoproteins okoa ka maʻiʻo, e lilo i kumu o ka mahuahua kahe ana ke koko.

Ke Aloha No-tuko pīlali

Ma ka lua o ka, ahu iho platelet aia ma lalo o kaʻili lahilahi, mea he microtubule apo. platelet 'ole i loko o ke kanaka koko o ua mau paipu mea o ka contractile nakeke. Penei, ma luna o stimulation o kēia mau papa höʻike i ke apo no ka ihu ua'opihia a me granules e aeea kikowaena. E like me ka hopena, ka mea i'opihia. I keia kumu o ka secretion o ko lākou mau Contents waho. He hiki i ke aloha i ka kūikawā nenoaiie o ka hamama tubules i. Kēia kaʻina ua kapaia "centralization granules."

Me ka ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka microtubule ke komo lima o kekahi mea, i hiki i ka lilo pseudopods i makemake ia wale he mahuahua ma ka aggregation hiki.

intracellular organelles

Ke kolu, ahu iho maupaʻa he glycogen granules, mitochondria, α-granules, anuanu kino. Kēia no laila,-kapa organelles ciia.

Anuanu kino pihaʻi me ATP, ADP, serotonin, kalipuna, adrenaline a me ka noradrenaline. mea pono a pau o ia i ka mea i hiki ke hana platelets. Ke 'ole a me ka hana ana i kēia mau keena i mea pīlali, a wahi iho la ho'ōla. Penei, ADP hua mai la i IeIIeYOA o platelets i ka vascular paia, ia mea i kuleana no ka mea i ka mea i olelo papa, mai ka holo hoʻomau e hui me ua poe ua apo la. Kalipuna regulates ka nui o ka mea pīlali. Serotonin ua hua mai ma ka ho opa platelet granule. Ka mea, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka anaʻe vascular hou o ka lumen.

Alpha granules, organelles i loaʻa i loko o ka wahi, he hoʻonui i ke kahua o ka platelet 'Ohi a. Ka mea, e kuleana no ka stimulation o ala apuupuu Muscle ulu, ke ola moku pa ala apuupuu Muscle.

Ke kaʻina hana o ka ho okumu i keena

E hana me ia, ka mea i ka 'ole o ke kanaka platelets, e pono e maopopo kahi o ka mea, i hele mai, a pehea e hana ai. Ke kaʻina o lākou ma muli o ua kiaʻana i kāna i loko o ka iwi lolo. Ua Ua maheleia i loko o kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Initially i hana megakaryocyte lēpela ho okumu i pa alima. No kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao, ua ia iho i loko o megakaryoblasts, promegakaryocyte a ultimately i loko o ka platelet.

Kela a me keia lā, ke kanaka kino produces ka mea o 66.000 keena no 1 H o ke koko. Ma ka makua kanaka lāʻau lapaʻau e ia mai ka 150 a hiki i 375, i ke keiki mai ka 150 a hiki i 250 m 10 ⁹ / ho'āo ai platelets. Penei 70% o ia ai hoʻolahaʻia a puni i ke kino, oiai 30% i loaa i loko o ka spleen. Inā pono, i ke kino ho'ēmi i kā , a ke hookuu aku oia platelets.

walaʻauʻana oihana

I mea e maopopo mea i ke kino e pono platelets, wahi ka naʻauao me ka i kekahi kanaka platelet 'ole. Ka mea, i papahana kuhikuhi no ka ho okumu ana o iniiaiie paipu, a pono pani i ka poino moku. Eia hou kekahi, platelets i ka ili ma ka mea e hōʻeleu i ke naoh o ka wai koko clotting.

Eia hou kekahi, ka mea i loaʻa i ka mea e pono ai ka noho a me ka hoola ana o kekahi mau pōʻino, ua make nā'aʻaʻa. Platelets paka ulu kumumea, manao e hoʻoulu i ke ana a me ka mahele o ka poino keena.

He noteworthy i ka mea, hiki koke aku, a paʻa hoʻoneʻe i ka hou moku'āina. Ke impetus no lākou ho'ā hope hiki e kekahi? Aneie loli, a me ka poe noonoo ole me mechanical stress.

ka oi aku platelets

E noho nei i kēia mau keena koko loa. Ma awelika, me ka lōʻihi like 'ole o ko lākou ola ka mai 6,9 ia 9,9 lā. Ma hope iho o ka pau ana o keia wā e luku iho la lakou. Holo nōhie, kēia kaʻina paa wahi i loko o ka iwi lolo, akā, no hoi a hiki i ka uuku loa, ia mea i loko o ka spleen a me ka akepaʻa.

Poe akamai i kuhikuhi i elimaʻano o ke koko platelets: opiopio, oʻo, kahiko, a me ka degenerative ano o ka mea ukiuki loa. Maʻamau, i ke kino e e oi mamua o 90% o oʻo keena. Wale i keia hihia i ka platelet kanu'ōiwi nā mea maikaʻi, a e e hiki i ka hana a pau o kona oihana i piha ka mea.

He nui e ike i ka emi ana i loko o ka lehulehu o kēia mau keena koko o ke kumu o ka kahe ana ke koko i ka mea pilikia i ka pau ana. An mahuahua i loko o lākou ka helu o ke kumu o ka thrombosis - i ke ano o ke koko clots. Ka mea, hiki clog na moku ke koko i loko o kekahi mau nā loko o ke kino, a me ka loa uhi ia.

Ma ka hapanui o na hihia, ka mea likeʻole pilikia platelet 'ole' aʻole e hoʻololi 'ana i. All maʻi i pili i nā loli i loko o ko lākou lehulehu i loko o ke koko nenoaiu. Emi i loko o kā lākou helu ua kapaia thrombocytopenia. Inā ka lehulehu ua mahuahua, ka mea, ua haawiia i ka thrombocytosis. Inā e kue ana i ka ha awina o kēia mau keena i diagnosed thrombasthenia.