Ma kekahi mau hihia, o ka dissociation ikaika, aole ia i hana pono?

Nine Inch i ka ohi ana i nā'ātoma i i ua hoʻopili ai i kekahi i kekahi ma ka kekahi kānāwai, a oi kaʻoi loa, o kela mea keia mea o lakou i ka'ōnaehana iloko olaila o nuclei a me electrons. Inā ka'ōnaehana ua mele o kekahi 'ano o nā'ātoma, laila, ka mea hiki ke kapaia he hookahi-kāna mau' ōlelo, ināʻano o nā'ātoma, ka neodnoyadernoy. Mau uila'ākilikai nā kahua. E like me ka hopena o mawaho ololi (wela, ka malamalama, ka pāhawewe a Polar'ūheheʻe nā lātoma me ka kūpenu iho ia i polarization) nāwaliwali aʻela Nine Inch. Cations a me anions ma a ma lalo o ka hana ana o na nā lātoma o ka Polar'ūheheʻe (ka wai) nā lātoma decompose substance (electrolyte) e hou uila'ākilikai. Kekahi'ōnaehana mālama i ka equilibrium. Ma nawaliwali electrolytes kumu hōʻike i dissociation reactions i reversible. No ka electrolytes ikaika, keia olelo mea i pono, mai aneane a pau o na nā lātoma dissociate i loko o Ion. Na ka welelau o ka'ōnaehana e equilibrium i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka electrolytic dissociation Khao ↔ K • m + y me + • A- a hōʻike i ka dissociation ikaika Kd = [K +] m • [A] v / [Khao].

Mai ka luna helu kaulike: ka nui undissociated nā lātoma, ka mea uuku i ka dissociation ikaika, a me ka hope versa. Naʻe, i kēia aole i pili i ka electrolytes ikaika i ua ike ia e mahuahua, akā, emi me ka māhuahua lehulehu Kd. Kēia mea ku pono ole ke emi i ka helu o ka wāwahiʻia nā lātoma, a māhuahua ma waena o oppositely hoopiiia (particles), me ka manao lokahi attraction poe aie i ka ka ho'ēmiʻana i loko o ka mamao ma waena o ia ma muli o ia ka māhuahua lehulehu o ka pāʻoihana. Nolaila, i ka hiki ana o electrolytes ikaika dissociate i loko o Ion ana nā hoailona e like me ka maopopo loa o ka dissociation, a me ka CD aole i pili, e like me ka mea 'aʻole ole e hoohalike. I ka pāʻoihana o ka nawaliwali electrolyte i ole ano e pili, a me keʻano o ka dissociation, no ka mea, me ka hōʻemiʻana lehulehu lākiō o dissociated nā lātoma i ka huina helu o ka palaho ua mahuahua, akā, ka mea aole e emi iho i ka hopena o ka electrolyte. Kā lākou hana e dissociate i loko o Ion Hōʻike ka dissociation ikaika, no ka mea wale hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka pāʻoihana mahana a me ke ano o ka'ūheheʻe,ʻo ia hoʻi, Kd mea he ikaika no i ua waiwai Khao.

Plain ka wai (mai o maoli kumu, a me ka mea e kahe ana mai ka piula wai) mea e maemae. Pure pono wai he he hydronium ion [H3O + 1] a me ka hydroxide Ion [OH-1]. Ka mea i hanaʻia mai nā nā lātoma o ka wai: H2O + H2O ↔ H3O + 1 + OH-1. He kākaʻikahi ka hana, no ka mea, o ka wai ua kokoke e dissociate i loko o Ion, me he nawaliwali electrolyte. Ma equilibrium, i ka lehulehu o hydroxide Ion a me hydronium Ion i: [H3O + 1] = [OH-1]. Ke kaʻina Ua reversible. Wai nui i koe me ka hui o nā lātoma, hydroxide Ion a me hydronium Ion Kīwala'ō ma ka wai nā lātoma a me ka Ion makana i loko o wale kumumea. Ikaika aku dissociation o ka wai, ua hoikeia ma ka helu kaulike: Kd = [H3O + 1] • [OH-1] / [H2O] • [H2O ].

ʻakika dissociation ma ka pāʻoihana 'o ia hoʻi ka decomposition o protons H +, a me kaʻakika moiety. Dissociation polybasicʻakika i loaa mai i loko o kekahi mau kapuwai (ma ka a pipili hoʻokahi wale hydrogen cation), kēlā kahua wehewehe aku ma kona waiwai a eia i Kd. Ma ka mea muaʻanuʻu hydrogen ion ua eliminated loa ke puana ma mua i loko o mahope kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao, no laila, ikaika mai ka kahua a hiki i ke kahua emi iho. Ke dissociation ikaika Kd mea he anakahi o kaʻakika ikaika ʻakika: ikaika nāʻakika i ke kiekie Kd waiwai a me ka Hope versa. I a hiki i equilibrium kaʻina palaho ana, a me ka uku o nā lātoma e like. No ka ikaika nāʻakika hiki ke hoʻohana (me ka mea wale nō ion-ion AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN koa ma ka pāʻoihana o electrolytes ikaika) kānāwai o ka Nine Inch equilibrium e hoʻomaulia Kd ma 25 ° C. No ka hydrochloricʻakika (HCl) Kd = 10000000, hydrobromic (HBr) Kd = 1000000000, hydriodic (HJ) Kd = 100000000000, sulfuricʻakika (H2SO4) Kd = 1000, nitricʻakika (HNO3) Kd = 43,6,'ākeka (CH3COOH) Kd = 0,00002, tsianovodorodnoy (HCN) Kd = 0,0000000008. Ike i ka waiwai o na nāʻakika a me ke kapakai a me Kd aiee haawi, ka mea hiki e ua kūkākūkāʻia i ka dissociation a eia i, ka mea kiekie ka ikaikaʻakika.