Mea kākau Andrei Sinyavsky: Kawaihae,ʻike hoʻokumu a me ka mea kākau

Russian kākau moʻolelo Sinyavskiy Alana Donatovich, kona Kawaihae i pau i loko o Pepeluali 1997 i loko o Paris, i kēia lā,ʻaʻole mea wale nō i poina, akā, koe kekahi o ka ki na kii o Lūkini moʻokalaleo'āina'ē. Kona inoa ua mauʻia ai i loko o ka huʻi kaiapili-kālai'āina paio kālaimanaʻo e poha mai ma waena o kekahi palapala, ai 'nā pūʻulu. No laila, e ole e hana wale ke hoole i keia kanaka kekahi, a kahaha no ka manao a me ka manaʻo āna i makemake e hoolilo i ka mamo.

Mai ka Kawaihae o ka mea kākau moʻolelo

I ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo Andrei Sinyavsky i hānauʻia ma ka makahiki 1925 ma Moscow. He ulu i loko o ka 'imi naʻauao' ohana me ka aristocratic kêia kanaka. Nā kūpuna o ka mea kākau moʻolelo paa he koʻikoʻiʻoihana i loko o ka Russian aupuni a pau, akā, no hoi ia, a komo i loko o nā hanana hoʻokahuli aupuni. Ua pono-ikeia oiaio o ia mea, o ka moʻomeheu a me ka 'imi naʻauao' ia i ke kuleana ole ma ke kahua o ka makakū kanaka. Ia mea i loko o kēia 'āina a me ke' ano i ka wā e hiki mai kaulana kākau moʻolelo Sinyavskiy Alana Donatovich. Ka ohana ikaika kākoʻo makemake no ka ike i ke kanaka'ōpiopio ka. Of mau panee o Andrew hoike i philology a me ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o na' ōlelo. Akā,ʻo kona hoʻonaʻauao i keʻakeʻaʻia ka outbreak o ke kaua. Mai ka Akuma ka o 1941, me kona ohana i noho ai i loko o ka piʻoloke o Syzran. Where ua noho mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe Andrei Sinyavsky oia i koho 'i loko o ke kaua. Ke kumu kula o Moscow State University,ʻo ia i heluʻia ma ka makahiki 1945, ma hope o ka lanakila. Ma hope o kona pukaʻana,ʻo ia i alakaʻi i ka noiʻi hana ma ka Institute o World me Moʻolelo, a ua aoia no hoi lakou journalism ma Moscow State University, a me ka Moscow Art Kino Kula.

ka palapala, ai hana

Lākou i hele ai i loko o ka moʻokalaleo mea kākau Andrei Sinyavsky hoomaka me ka noho pilikia (essay), ka palapala, ai haʻawina a me biographies o na Classics o Lūkini moʻokalaleo o ka iwakalua kenekulia. Kana hana ma keia wahi ua, ua ike i ka heluhelu lehulehu. Young kākau moʻolelo nanea maikaʻi-hewaʻiʻo kākou inoa maikaʻi ma Moscow ka bohemian koʻikoʻi a hanohano, a me ka oi loa aku ia kona palena. Imua o ka mea kupanaha Vistas a me ka noho pomaikai ola o ka Soviet palapala, ai 'functionary. Aka hoi, o ka mea kākau moʻolelo Andrei Sinyavsky, kona Kawaihae loli Hawaiʻiʻano pono, makaukau e hana i loko o kou ola ana o ka ho'āʻo 'ana e. He aneane ike ia iho ka puu hua palaoa kali ana ia ia mamua.

aku la o Aberama Tertz

Ma ka kekahi kahua o konaʻike hoʻokumu i ka mea kākau moʻolelo iʻalo me ka seemingly unsolvable pilikia - ka hikiʻole, e'ōlelo a kākau i ka oiaio o ka ike maopopo, a me kona mau hoahanau ia ia. No kekahi makemake loa heluhelu a lohe i kekahi mea i ua manao, e olelo aku i loko o Lūkini moʻokalaleo Sinyavskiy Alana Donatovich. Book mea pono hiki ole ke paʻiʻia i loko o ka Soviet Union. Akā, me ka pāʻoihana i loaʻa. Ma lalo o ka ea inoa ia ke olelo ka mea, manao iho la ua pono. A me ka hoolaha aku i ko lakou hana i ko lakou aupuni i ka hale ma waho. Kona pseudonym Andrei Sinyavsky aie mai i ke ano o ka Odessa powa mele. Ua narrated na Hawaii o ka haʻahaʻa oʻaihue o ka Iudaio aupuni 'ē aku. No keia mea, lilo iho la o Aberama kolu. I ka sixties kakahiaka nui i loko o ke West i ua paʻi puke "aloha", ka moʻolelo "Ka Aha hele" a me ka ikaika publicistic 'atikala "He aha Ua Socialist Realism?", Famously hoomaewaewa aku la lakou kūhelu nā loina o Soviet moʻokalaleo. Ma o kona'āina, kakaikahi ka poe i koho koke i ka mea kākau o kēia mau hana o Sinyavskiy Alana Donatovich. Kona mau buke i hele mai me ka inoa o Aberama Tertz ma ka inoaʻaoʻao. Sinyavsky i kekahi o ka mea mua nana e hoʻokele i ka hoopunipuni Soviet censorship.

kaʻina

Wale nō manawa i ka Soviet Aupuni ia ho'āhewa wale ma luna o kona kumu i ole e kala mai. Ma September 1965, i hopu ia e ka KGB ka mea kākau moʻolelo. Mākou i aku la ia ia ma luna o Nikitsky Boulevard ma ke kaʻa'ōhua holo ana. Penei, Andrei Sinyavsky, Kawaihae a mai a hiki i keia wahi i i hana ia he mau pahi 'ana e haʻalele, lilo iho la ia i pio pili aupuni. E like me ka mea ia hihia, la oia i hopu a me ka mea kākau Yuli Daniel, i paʻiʻia ma ka West, kā lākou mau puke ma lalo o ka pseudonym. Ke kaʻina o Sinyavsky-Daniel ua lilo nui loa i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka lawelawe manaʻo. Ka Soviet Union ho'āʻo kākau no na hana o ka oe. Ka mea, ua nui loa e like me ka medieval kilokilo i hoʻohālua.

Social neʻeʻana i ka pale o Sinyavsky a me Daniel

I ka hoao ana o ka mea kākau i pau ai ka ehiku-makahiki hoʻopaʻi, ua kena ae la i ka nui lehulehu outcry i loko o ka Soviet Union, a ma o aku o. Maikaʻi kēia lākiō ua i ka oiaio i na mea he nui o ka poe pio, ku mai no ke aupuni. A me keia i hiki mai ai mamua o ka unbridled kūhelu propaganda. No ka mana, i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma ka hoopii o Sinyavsky a me Daniela, ka mea, ua i kaʻawaʻawa loa hou. People kaʻohiʻana inoa no ka hoopii ma ka pale o ka mea kākau a me ke ahiahi, hele aku la ma ka h ÷ ike i loko o ka konu o Moscow. Kēia kūlana koi 'ia he maikaʻi hoʻi ma kona ikaika. Defenders kākau moʻolelo hiki oluolu e hele ma hope o lākou. Akā, i ka neʻeʻana shirilos a puni ke ao nei ma ke pale ana i ka hoopiiia. Ma Europa poo he nui loa, a me nā huakaʻi i ke kai e paʻa ana i ka palapala ma ke alo o ka Soviet kalaiaina poe mikanele.

i ka noho pio ana

Panina Manaʻo Andrei Sinyavsky i mālama ai Mordovia, ma ka "Dubrovlag". E like me ke kauoha mai Moscow, ka mea i hoʻohana wale no ka mea toughest hana. Ma keia hihia, no ka mea kākau moʻolelo 'aʻole ole i kekahi palapala, ai' hana. Ma hope laumeki uea Andrei Sinyavsky, palapala iho la i ka helu o nā puke -. "Voice mai o ka Hui," "E Nihi Ka Hele me Pushkin", "Ma ka Pua o Gogol" Ka mea kākau uaʻAʻole iʻike pono au, i hana ia ma ka hopena, e hiki i makemake, no ka mea heluhelu. Ma lalo o ka manaʻo koikoi o ka hoʻonohonoho 'lehulehu manao kākau moʻolelo,ʻo ia i hookuu ia mai ka hale paʻahao, ma mua o ka pau ana o ka manawa. I June 1971ʻo ia i hookuu ia.

emigration

I ka 1973, Paris ka kaulana Sorbonne University mai i ka hou Kumu mai Rusia - Andrei Sinyavsky. Kawaihae o ka mea kākau ma ka pio hoomauia. A aʻo 'oihana i loko o Farani, oia i kono koke ma hope o ka hookuu ia mai o ka hale paʻahao. Akā, hoʻokahi wale professorship mea kākau ua ole ana i ka e kaupalena. Andrei Sinyavsky, kona puke i resonate me ke akea hoolohe ana no ka manawa mua loa i loko o koʻu ola i loko o ke kulana home 'ole i kona wahi i hiki hoolaha ka mea eʻike pono. Me ka pili ana i ka censorship. Mua o nā mea a pau i ka lehulehu, he mea e ka mea i kākau hou i loko o ka Soviet Union.

Me ka lima. Ma 'ana, i ka "E Nihi Ka Hele me Pushkin." 'O kēia kekahi o ka loa controversial buke, no ka mea kākau e Sinyavskiy Alana Donatovich. Ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka wahine, Maria Rozanova, i kekahi mea i, ia mea he ke kākoʻo '-haku ai. Kēia puke Andrei Sinyavsky i kākau ai i loko o ka hale paʻahao, a hoʻouna aku ai iā ia i loko o kekahi palapala, mai ma hope o ka laumeki uea. E like me ka kanaka mokuna.

Andrei Sinyavsky, "An Open palapala i Solzhenitsyn"

Me kekahi mau mea hou Sinyavsky loaʻa i loko o ka palapala, ai 'ma kahi e hoʻolapalapa ai i ka ia kuko like ma Moscow. Russian emigration ua mamao mai ke kuʻikahi. KŘpa a olelo ana, ka mea i maheleia i loko o nā wahi hoʻomoana, - Liberal (KS) a me Patriots. A me ka naoh o kaʻaoʻao patriotic i loko o ka palapala, a me ka journalistic 'atikala o ka hou Kumu o ka Sorbonne ua ia io. Mau ole nae i ka puke i kapaʻiaʻoʻAberama Tertz "E Nihi Ka Hele me Pushkin." Ka hapanui o kiʻiʻoniʻoni haohao laila, ka mea ma ka 'ē Andrei Sinyavsky. A i ole loaa ole ia Aberama Tertz ka hoolohe, ka hoopakele ana i ka nihinihi pāpāʻana i kona mau hoa paio. I kona kaulana "Open palapala ia Solzhenitsyn,"ʻo ia, ua hoopiiia oia i ka compatriot kaulana i kanu hou authoritarianism a me intolerance o 'ano like wale. A me ka ae like o ka sarcasm lawe aʻelaʻo ia i ka noonoo ana o ka addressee i loko o nā pilikia o ka Lūkini kanaka e'Āhewa ia iho,ʻaʻole kekahi mythical Iudaio a me nā pouli koa. Ma hope iho o kēia hakakā ke kōkua o ke Aberama Tertz ma emigre periodicals Ua paʻa paa. Mea kākau Andrei Sinyavsky i puʻe wale i ka manaʻo e pili ana i ke kumu o ko mākou mau Magazine.

"Ka Mooolelo O"

Ua paiia i hanaia. No ka mea, he nui na makahiki i kekahi o na ioauoa o ka 'imi naʻauao a me ka uhane attraction o ka Lūkini emigration ua i ka "Ka Mooolelo O" Magazine. Ua paʻi ma Paris, Andrei Sinyavsky a me Maria Rozanov. Ke Magazine uhi i ka laulā huahelu o kumuhana apau loa o ka lawelawe, ka manaʻo politika a me ka palapala, ai ke ola. Ka puke ua fundamentally hamama ke kanaka me kekahi mau wahi o ka Hawaii. Ua paʻiʻia mea, mai ka Soviet Union. "Ka Mooolelo O" alakai ana paio me kekahi mea mahaloia imua o emigre koʻikoʻi a hanohano Edition - "'āinapuniʻole" Vladimir Maximov.