Mutualism - he mutualistic piliʻAno ...

Mutualism - he liluwelo AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN i paipai 'ia ka ke ola a me ka ulu ana o nā? Ueo hoa. Ma na olelo e ae, ia mea heʻano o ka symbiosis. Lichens mea he panina hoʻohālike e kahaki ii ka mutualism.

Kekahi kumu hoohalike - ka pilina ma waena o legumes a me ka naikokene-hoʻopunipuni koʻohune ma nodules ma luna o ko lākou mau kumu. Mutualism - i kekahi pili i ka pollinators pollinated mea kanu, e like me ka lepidopteran Tegeticula yucasella a me ka yucca.

Facultative a obligate mutualism

He mea pono e maopopo ma waena o kēia mau manaÿo. A obligate a facultative mutualism mea he ae pono ke alu like. Alu like 'ana i loko o keia hihia e mea pono ia no kekahi, a no ka mea'ē aʻe? Ueo. Naʻe, i loko o ka lua o ka hihia, kēlā manao ke ola ma ka hoʻokaʻawale. Obligate mutualism mea - OAXA. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka mea hiki ole e meaola kaawale.

mycorrhizae

Kekahi o ka loa a me ka hoihoi 'ano nui, mai ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ka kālaikaiaola examples mākou e hoihoi i loko o ka kŰia - ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN? Ueony ma waena o fungi a me vascular mea kanu. Ke aa o ka loa o kēia mau mea kanu kuahene luna 'hale a me Fish. Mau hale i kapaʻia mycorrhiza. Ole ia, i ka maʻamau ulu o na mea kanu makemake,ʻaʻole e hiki. Mycorrhiza, pâʻani apparently he kūlana kī i loko o ka hooponopono ana o ka aina. mutualism (symbiosis) ua laha mai ka wa kahiko.

mycorrhizal pilina

Ka hou mākou i aʻo ana iā lākou, ka clearer ka mea, lilo lākou nui no vascular mea kanu. Ma na? Ueo nonmycorrhizal kanaka ma ke ano maoli, ua pohihihi keia, a hiki ina ulu kā lākou mea hiki ole ke akahele koho o Fish e ulu ana. Most vascular mea kanu - ka "papalua" o ke kino i loko o ka hookahi hoohalike me na lichens, aole nae keia duality mea IeAUPIIe, IAa IOʻike makaʻole i loko o kā lākou aboveground wahi. E like me ka lepo nä känaka 'epekema, mai ke Kulanui o Wisconsin S. Wylde, wahie loko mai o ka lepo - ia mea wale hapa o ka mea okoa mea kanu, surgically kaawale mai kona Komo' o ia a me ka digestive hui. Ma ka hapanui o kanu pāʻani fungi he nui kūlana i loko o ka kaʻaluna o phosphorus a me nā nui ka mahuaola.

Fungi ho okumu i mycorrhiza me ka hapanui kanu i Zygomycetes. Kēiaʻano ua kapaia kona endomikorizoy. He typical no ka hapanui o nā lāʻau ikiʻai, laau uuku a me na laau. Kekahi pūʻulu o conifers a me dicotyledons -ʻano nui laau - palapala mycorrhiza me Basidiomycetes, e like me kekahi askomitsstami. Ma keia hihia mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ektomikorize. I kekahi manawa ia mea nui i ho'ākāka ': kekahi ano o ka fungus hana me ka kekahiʻano o vascular mea kanu, a me ka pae o ka pili? Ueo wale. Ua uaʻike, no ka laʻana, ua basidiomycete Boletus elegans pili me ka larch (Larix) o ka softwood wale. Other mycorrhizal fungi palapala ulu ioeo no he umi genera. Ektomikoriza pakahi aku la ia ano laau ioeo kŘpa a ilihune nā kaiāulu e noho ana i loko o kiʻekiʻe lakikū o ka Northern hemisphere, a ma na Highlands.

He laau a me ka holo akula

Ka loa eiiieaena examples o mutualism ana i loko o ke koaʻe ke, ma ke 'ano o ka meaola mea nui ma luna ma mua o ka pakiko wahi. No laila, i loko o nā koaʻe ke a subtropics i laha lāʻau (laau a me ka laau uuku o ka genus he lāʻau). Ka pilina ma waena o kekahi mauʻano o kēia mau mea kanu ma ka papu o Mexico, a Central Amerika a me ka ka holo akula i noho i loko o kā lākou mau spike in - he kupanaha laʻana o ka luna 'hana kūleʻa ma waena o na holoholona a me nā mea kanu. Pakahi aku la ia akaka ka mea, hiki ke Hahai I ia Pseudomyrmex ano keia ano o ka holo akula.

Mau laau ma ke kumu o kēlā me kēia pepa i ka paʻa o inflated i paukūʻia nona ka lōʻihi Ua oi ma mua o 2 knm. Nectaries mau petioles a me nā lau i aia ma nā wēlau o nā nīnūnē ka mahuaola kino haawiia kāʻei bipi. Ka holo akula noho i loko o ka puha i paukūʻia, e hanai ana oia ke kō i mai nectaries corpuscles a me hipuu, a hoʻohui pū i ka momona, a me nā polokina. Laau ulu nui koke, a ua pakahi aku la ia, he pono ole i ka meaʻehaʻeha wahi, kahi Competition ma waena o kanu mea kanu-colonizers, ua pinepine loa, pili. Thomas kāʻei mua hōʻike i ka pilina ma waena o Pseudornyrmex a me kēia mau lāʻau i loko o kona puke "Ka Naturalist ma Nicaragua» (The Naturalist ma Nicaragua), paʻiʻia i ka 1874

Other ano o mutualistic kona piko a

He nui no hoi na ano o ka meaola ka paa pilina, i hoike mai ai ia mutualism. Kēia, no ka laʻana, nā lāʻau i loko o ka ulu lāʻau (a me ka lau nahele) i mea pinepine fused me kona aʻa. E like me ka hopena, e hoolilo māhuaola mai kekahi mea kanu i kekahi luna ', a me ka loa unexpected ala, a me ke ola ana o ka laha' i loko o ka kekahi wahi mea literally kalele iho ma ke alo o kekahi, me ka i ia 'ano apau loa i hoopaa. laau iʻa wale ke ola loa, eia nae devoid o photosynthetic nā loko, no ka mea, e fused na aa a me nā kanaka, a hiki ke loaa i ko ka mahuaola. Kekahi maʻi, e like me ka lāʻauʻoka anei i loko o ka Midwest a me ka hikina United States, i hiki ke pū i hiki mai ia i aa no "vaccination".

E like me 'oe ke ike, mutualism - he pinepine kŰia ma ka ano. He He kūikawā 'ano o ka symbiosis.