No problematic Lermontov ka hana. Famous hana M. Yu. Lermontova

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov - haku mele hanana. ʻO paakiki, e imi i kekahi mea i mea ole kama'āina i nā hana o Lermontov. Papa inoa ia o kona kulana nui, mai poetic laina, "Makeʻana o ka haku mele" a me ka "Borodino" (? Anoee ma kula) a hiki i ka nui hanana no ka mea Lūkini moʻokalaleo o ka XIX kenekulia - ka puke "A Hero no ko kakou Time".

Inā ua hookolokoloia mai nei ma kaʻike hoʻokumu, au hiki ole manaoio i ka hopena o ka hoʻokuʻu iā ia wale nō 27 makahiki o ke ola. Eia naʻe, i kona tālena, a kālele ana ma luna oʻike hoʻokumu ua ae keia kanaka i ole e noho lōʻihi, akā, huali ola, e lilo i ike Classic. Famous hana o Lermontov, e like me ka aniani, noonoo i kona ola, me kona mau mystical ua hōʻolokeʻaʻia naauao o ko lākou wahi i loko o ke ao nei, a me kona mau naue like.

He aha hiki oe i manaʻo mai i kekahi kanaka i loko o 1830 wānana i ka hoʻokahuliʻia o ka Emperor i loko o ka "ʻeleʻele makahiki"? Mea i ike i ke kumu ma ka manawa o kona make (i loko o ka Reuʻela,ʻo ia i loko o nā mauna) Emo ole lele aku i loko o ka ino weliweli?

Pushkin a me Lermontov ...

Ua i ka mea nana i ka makahiki 1837, ma hope o ka make ana o Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina, "ka mua haku mele o ka Russian Parnassus", i kumu e haha a me ka ike a pau o kona wā, i keia wahi ua ole hakahaka. 'Aʻole no ka lōʻihi, nae, oia paa ia i ai i ka ona Reuʻela,ʻo ia i ka makahiki 1841. No i ike ia e kona mau wā problematic Lermontov ka hana. Inā Alexander Sergeyevich Vissarion Belinsky i kapaia "ka haku mele o ka pā ko o ka uhane", nona ka manaʻo i hānau mua i loko o ka ua, a pakī mai i loko o ka hui laila, ke Mikhail Yurevich - he haku mele, he socially aʻo i kaʻoihana, pinepine lawe i ka peni ma lalo o ka aoao o ka nui hanana ma Rusia.

ʻO kekahi mau personalities o Pushkin a me Lermontov?

Inā ke ao o ka mea opiopio Pushkin i hana i loko o ka 'ano harmonious, kaiapili kumupaʻa i ka noho alii ana o Emperor Alexander I, i kumu e manaʻo e pili ana i ka mō'ī i ka pono, a me socially nui manaʻo o ka haku mele, hele wale i loko o lākou i kakahiaka nui me kanakolu, ai ole i ka hihia a me ka Outlook Mikhail Yurevich. Mākou i ka manawa e kūkākūkā mau kumuhana no ka mea, o ko Lermontov ka hana. Ma hope o kāna wahine paha, i hoʻomohala ma lalo o ka autocratic noho alii ana o Rotehama I. Ma kahi o ka hoʻomaopopo i nā Pahuhopu kumu, ka poe i lawe mai i ka Senate Square Decembrists (la me ka manao i ka hana ino na keiki ma Lūkini malu o ka serfdom, a, me, ka kaiapili-yeiiiie? Backwardness o ka aina), ka Auguseto-ua hana mai kekahi 'ano kūkaʻi gendarme repressionʻano papa hana. O e pili ana i ka meaʻehaʻeha lokahi Lermontov i kākau ai i loko o Lūkini lehulehu.

Hoʻomaopopo he okoa keakea e kue i ka reactionary kūkulu 'ia, i ka rejection o ka hoohaahaa ana i ka mana o ke kanaka - e pololei ai problematic o Lermontov ka hana.

Ka mua wā o kaʻike hoʻokumu Lermontov

ʻike hoʻokumu Lermontov hiki ke maheleia i ekolu kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao.

Ka mua wā (mai ka 1828 a hiki i 1832) ua wehewehe aku ma ka maopopo Mohai o George Gordon Byron. He kēia nui Pelekāne Lermontov i manao ai pilikino uhane ke kuʻikahi, a me.

Byron i hana ai i loko o ka aftermath o ka FaraniʻOiʻenehana, i ka manawa o ka'ano'ē loli, i ke ala a me ka'opi o ka Emperor Napoleon State. Russian haku mele - ma waena o ua hao wale mai naoh ma hope o ka suppression o ka uprising o ka Decembrists: ka mea momona a nā keiki kāne a ka Fatherland i ua hana, a hoʻokuewa wale ', hoopaa.

Aʻo Kīwala'ō o Lermontov a Byron

Nā haku mele hui kipi uhane, restless uhane. E hoolaulea,ʻaʻole pomaikai theme like i loko o nā hana o Lermontov,ʻaʻole he hoihoi hou Awaits i loko o ke kakahiaka wā o kaʻike hoʻokumu mea Hoʻohaku. Aʻole ma ka paha ka hua haku mele ka hoohalike ana ia lakou iho me ka holo moku ka launa pū hoʻi i kaʻale ehuehu kai (Lermontov - "Lone White Ka Lei ..." Byron - "-No- wahine mai oʻEnelani").

Byron ka poem (e like me ka hana o Lermontov), e like me ke ano i haawiia ia ia ma ka Belinsky, i ka uwe ana no ka kōkua o ke koa, akā, e hea ole aku e noi mai ana, a sniskhodyaschim. Kekahi ke naʻauao lākou i ka hohonu o ke ko a me ka hoomanawanui ana o ka haku mele-kupa, a me ka unbridled makemake i ke ku okoa ana. Mohai o Haku Byron, ka mea hoolea o ke ku okoa ana, kōkua Mikhail Yurevich aʻo e kākau akaka, a he captivating, passionate. Ia manawa, i loko o kona mau mele Hahai I Byron hohonu. Ka Ikepili o Lermontov ka hana, i hoike mai ai ia i ka waiwai nui o ka manaʻo,ʻo ia ka mea hiki ke kumumea lākou consonance me na laina o ka Briton nui. Like Byron, oia inoino naau holo 'awelika i kona hanauna, paopaoia ma ka naoh i loaʻa ole wā e hiki mai (Lermontov - "Duma", Byron - "Childe Harold ka noho malihini").

Mikhail, o ka papa, ua kokoke mai ia ia iho Halaman a me nā kiʻi, a me ka mea intimately kama'āina i ka hana o nā haku mele nui e like me Goethe a me Pushkin. Naʻe, ka mea, o ka hoʻoilina o ka Briton nui,ʻo ia ke ole e halawai, akā, i translates ( "Hebera Melody", "E makeʻiʻo Gladiator"). Eia kekahi, ua pono-ike huahana o ka wā Lermontov nā lehulehu Mohai ( "hihio", "hoʻi me Byron," "Night").

I ka pau ana o keia manawa, no ka haku mele e hele mai, mai ke alanui mai o Mohai o ka ōlelo Pelekānia Classics, a e e hahai ma hoʻoholumua i kona mau poeticʻaoʻao. Ma keia milestone i loko o kāna hana, i palapala mai loa maopopo: "Aole, aole au e Byron, au - ka 'ē aʻe ..."

E möakäka hou ho okumu makemake poetry

I ka lua o ka wā o kona poetry ua hoailono aku la ma kona neʻe aku iā St. Petersburg, a komo ke kula lio cadets a me ka hae iho. Ma ka Ewa o kona haʻawina, kākau iholaʻo ia i nā luna poem "Ka Lei", alaila, na ka nohoaliʻi hoohiamoe ia i loko o kona mau hana. A ka mea hāʻawi mai i ka pono a hiki i ka palapala, ai manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana i Lermontov ka kaulana hana i kona mau haʻawina mea i hana. Young ke kanaka a lilo loa laʻa Junker binge.

Ke koe nei, paha, ka poem "I, ka makuahine o ke Akua, e me ka pule." Ma kahi o ka hoopuka ia, 'noi' hussar Ke aloha mālama moku i koa poetry. Lermontov kākau muli o kona kulana casually rhymed Barracks oʻApelila, mele o ka papaʻaina-'ēheu, a pono e hou manaʻo. Naʻe, i ka originality o pāpana a me ka lokahi, freshness a me ka pololei o rhymes,ʻike heluhelu a me ka metaphorical kaila, a hōʻike mai i Ka Ikepili o Lermontov ka hana o kēia wā, e alakai i ka hopena - he maopopo i hana haku mele mua mākou. A i mea e hōʻike mea, ua pono i ka hoʻokolohua nui.

"Kona tālena ua lua Emo ole e like me ka kukui ..."

A me ke oia i hiki mai ai i ka lono kaumaha kekahi hanana i lulu aku i ka pau ano o Mikhail Yurevich. News, pio ia, mai paakiki hussar i loko o ka naʻau Kahalaopuna he kamaaina wau, heʻelele o ka pono, i kiʻi o ka make ana o Pushkin. Lermontov ua maʻi ia ia i lohe e pili ana i keia me keia poho. I ka Ia manawa mea, e manaʻo nei i ka pōʻino no Rusia i kēia wahi, huhu i ka Kora naʻEsau, ua nui kona mau lala o ka kiʻekiʻe ke kaiāulu, e ho'āpono aku i ka mea pepehi kanaka Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina - Georges d'Anthes.

'Ike i ka haku o ka "Make ana o ka haku mele"

Lermontov ua outraged, a ninini iho la i "ke kaumaha o ka naau," i mea. E. E manao ma ka pepa ... He ua he kāpili hoʻokolohua o ka huahana. Ua UaʻAʻole i ua palapala 16 laina ... Akā, ka wā Nikolai Stolypin (e pili ana ma kaʻaoʻao koʻu makuwahine o), ua hoʻomaka 'ana i ka lehulehu hoopaapaa me ka haku mele, hoomaka ae la e hoopaapaa ana, a lilo ia Dantes - i ke kanaka pono, a me ka kohu kūpono pola o Lermontov ka ke ahonui i paupauaho, a oia hōʻike i ka pili ma luna o ka paepae puka . A laila au i hele ai i ka oihana, noho iho la ma kona päkaukau, a me ... ninini wela, uhauʻia ana i ka laina: "A o oe, arrogant pua ..."

Inaina a me ke aloha i loko o nā hana o Lermontov i loa kani ai paakiki! Ua i kekahi hana i i haawiia mai e hookonokono ae i Rusia ... Ka hoike ana o kona kaulana i loko o ka hopu, a laila, i ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo.

Ka mua pili ana i ka Caucasus

Mana ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka gendarmerie pa alima ( "uliuliʻaʻahu aliʻi"), Ua lōʻihi huhu Lermontov ka hana. Papa Inoa o unreliable poe kanaka pono i kakauiaʻi i kona inoa. Ano kokoke hoao i ole me na machinations malu o ka gendarmerie i kona ona Reuʻela,ʻo ia me Martynov.

Eia naʻe, holo aku mākou i nā manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē ... E hoʻi iā mākou i ka 1937, i ka muli o na Aupuni 'i ka poem "Makeʻana o ka haku mele." Ma Rotehama I ka piena o inaina aku Lermontov a kino makuakane i ke oolea o kona hoopai.

Mikhail Ua hoolilo e lawelawe i loko o ka Caucasus. Ka mea, ua ka mua loulou o ka haku mele, a, nae, i ke aloha a hiki i ka hoʻoikaikaʻana o koʻu kupuna wahine, a me kona mau hoahānau i loko o ka malamalama i ua me ka nui loa mitigated a he wale i kekahi mau mahina.

"Novice" a me ka "daimonio"

Eia hoʻomaka i ke kolu o ka wā o kona makakū ano akamai. ʻO nā manaʻo i loaa ma ke 'ano kupaianaha o ke kuahiwi lewa i loko o ka mahope palapala o ka haku mele. Aie i ka loulou Lermontov iwaena e holumua ai Lūkini wa opiopio ua loaa he nui kēia. Wā i hoʻi mai ai i St. Petersburg, i loko o laila nā salons ia ia i ke kūlana o ka lawelawe liona. Ke loaa ke kaumaha loaʻimi mai poetry. Mikhail hana he "Novice" a me ka "daimonio". New meʻe o Lermontov mau hana, hooeueuia lakou e na nā manaʻo o ka Caucasus,ʻo ka mea heluhelu i kona charisma, makemake no ku okoa ana a me ka manao maikai, o ka uhane.

About poem "Mtsyri" ...

Ma ka moʻolelo hana pio Georgians Circassian Noviceʻo ia i ka aa, a,ʻAʻole eʻole e pakele ai, a no na la ekolu ho'āʻo ana e hele aku mai kona poʻe hahai. A ma luna o kona ha, a no ka maluhiluhi, i mea e pili ana i ka make, akā, haole nei i waiʻala o ke ku okoa ana, hāʻawi hoʻi - a hiki i ka hoailona.

Belinsky manaoio i Mtsyri kiʻi heluhelu hoʻomaka e malama mau pilikia Lermontov ka hana. Kēia mana a me ka manaʻo aukahi ka palapala, ai ke kiʻi o ke kanaka opiopio nana i holo "i loko o ka weliweli o ka hora", "ino", ka wā a pau i ke koena, i hoopauia me ka makau, ua "ma lalo o ke kuahu", akā, i ka mea ia manawa "ia e moe ana ma luna o ka honua," pono iloko o ka allusion i ka stifling, ka pilau , repressive nohona a me ka pili aupuni lewa o Rusia i ka hoʻomaka o ka XIX kenekulia.

Ka Ikepili o Lermontov mau hana, e like me ka palapala, ai manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni Belinsky, ma ka hapa hōʻikeʻike lākou Central nā kiʻi o ke kanaka o ka haku mele.

Akaka laina o ka pāpana hahau iambic tetrameter poem "Mtsyri",ʻano nui he käne rhyming a hāʻule pahū, Hōʻike 'elua me ka waiwai o nā kiʻi o ko ke waho honua, a me ka pau pua kiele oʻeha o ka protagonist: o ka manao, loka, unwavering ka manaʻo paʻa, aloha, akahai ke kaumaha. Ma keia poem poe malama me ke ano motif o loneliness i loko o nā hana nō o Lermontov.

Lermontov ka "daimonio"

Kēia theme like o ka hoʻokaʻawale makakū kanaka loaa kona Logical kūpono 'ana i loko o ke ano o ka daimonio, ka eponymous meʻe o ka poem Lermontov. Ke koho ana o ke kikowaena ke kiʻi o ka huina hoonui Hōʻike ka IeIIeYOA no ka mea, o ka kūikawā manaʻoʻike a me ka nohona ano. He hana i pono ma kona loa maoli ke ku pono ana o na aiee o ka rula ana ka papa, akā, o ke "alii o ka cognition a me ke ku okoa ana." It Mikhail e ukuhi i ka dialectic kue i ka wā kamaliʻi o ka XIX kenekulia ka moku'āina mīkini hoohaahaa ana kanaka. Hōʻike i ke kahiāuli keia, ua huli ole wale kamailio ana loneliness i loko o nā hana o Lermontov.

Ua Ua ua i loko iho i loko o ka poem i ka mea kākau o ka akeakamai, oʻo hoʻi e hoole a me ka inaina a pau pili i ka tangible ao mea, ia mea pilikia, e hiki aku ai i ka pā ka'ōlohelohe. I ka pōʻino o Lermontov ka "daimonio" mea e puku ia aiee mau loa o "aloha, lokomaikai a me ka maikai" kā lākou p', contrived kiʻi. E like me ka mea i kahi loihi, mai na kanaka! Na lilo o ka honua pono ia ia ia i ka hailona oi nui ma mua o ka "eha mea pilikia, luhi a me ka popilikia o kanaka kanaka." Ua hiki aku i ka 'ehaʻeha o ka hoʻoponopono ulia, a me kaʻilihune - i loko o ka make ana o kona haku wahine - Tamara, hahai olelo daimonio "Ua piha o ka hoowalewale." i ka daimonio ia ia iho, e like me ka hui ana me ke kaikamahine, o ka mea malihini i ka mihi a me ka komo.

Ka Ikepili o Lermontov ka hana palapala hope, invariably hōʻike i ke anoe o ka ike paka i, e kālele 'ana ma ia mau mea, nolaila, e hoike ana i ka evolution o ke kanaka me.

Love mea i loko o nā hana o Lermontov

Ke theme like ana o ke aloha i loko o nā hana o Lermontov kani kiekie, a shrill-lono kaumaha. Eia naʻe, i ke kanaka o Mikhail Yurevich i haʻalele i kekahi kaumaha paʻi o kona unrequited aloha no Varenka Lopukhina. Where 'ē aʻe, emi-apana kanaka opiopio hoole, i ka huli' ina ua lawe ka okoa kuko, Lermontov ua no kumu nui - "! A pau a me ka ole". A iā Barbara koe i kona hoa kupaʻa a me kōkua aloha, Kuhina e, akā, he haku mele, o ka papa, au i makemake hou ...

E hoopono ana ma ka poem Lermontov ke aloha - malamalama, kiʻekiʻe, akā, ia mea unrequited. No laila, i ke ano o ko Lermontov ka hana i loko o nā palapala, ai 'kiʻiʻoniʻoni alakai ia lakou i ka ia ka hopena: ia mea - he haku mele o ke aloha a me ke kaumaha. ʻO loko o ka philosophical hana o Mikhail Yurevich, no ka mea hoike, ma ka poem "Duma" ua loaʻa i ka maka pua o ke aloha. Aʻo kekahi - hemolele! Listen wale i kaʻoli o ka pauku, "A ke inaina a ke aloha ma ka wale ..."

Shrewd kupunawahine o ka haku mele ka mea i ike ia oi ma mua o ke kanaka, i ke komoʻana i ka kūikawā e pili ana no kana moopuna ia a hiki i keia manao - hemolele, me ka semitones. Ka haku mele Ua hoomaopopoiaʻi au aia no "kekahi ola", a me ke kanaka iā ia iho i mua hanaia no ke ola i loko o ka aura o ka pomaikai a me ka olioli. E like me kona manaoio, he oiaio aloha hiki ole e ka honua, ka mea e e like i ka mau loa oluolu. Ku I o Lermontov mau hana, e like me ka mea i aloha ai, e hoomaikai aku ke aloha ma luna o kona ego ( "Aole au i emi iki mahope o ia oe").

Unique o ke ano o ka manaʻo o ka pomaikai Mihailom Yurevichem. Oia ka ho'ākāka 'ana, paha, ke haawi ia wale nō ... noʻonoʻo mea heluhelu i ka hoihoi i loko o ka pomaikai theme like o Lermontov ka hana, e loaʻa ia ma ka "Hero o Our Time": "Ex he kia haaheo!" Kēia mau hua'ōlelo i ka haku mele i hoomaopopo i kēia moku'āina o kekahi kanaka i ka wa e lilo i loko o kaʻoliʻoli, a me ke kaumaha, no kekahi waiwai.

Kona perfectionism Ua hana kekahi kūikawā Lermontov ka kaila o ke aloha poetry - e ee i ke oho everydayness hemolele hana imaginative ao o ka haku mele. He kēia makakū manaʻo hiki ke ike ia ma ka poem "Sonnet", "Valerik".

ka hopena

Hiʻona o Lermontov ka hana noonoo i kona ana nou-e hana. Ua Ua ua koi like me ka makakū, ideological counterweight i ke kulekele o ke repression lawe mai ma ka Emperor Rotehama I.

Lermontov ka laina apo ia a me negation o ka? Ueony Aupuni, a me ka oiaio ola Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo E pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana o Rusia. manaʻo kiʻi (huapalapala) i loko o nā hana o Lermontov, nolaila, pololei kamailio ana, a me ka hanaia'na o keia Classic Lūkini symbolism huli no.

I ka Ia manawa e loli ai i ka hohonu o kaʻike o 27-makahiki-kahiko haku mele o ko ke ao nei, aʻaneʻi - heʻano o nā kumuhana apau loa o Lermontov: manaʻo ma ka hopena o ka hanauna, loneliness a me ka haaheo,ʻaʻole ostentatious patriotism, problematic pili o ka haku mele a me ka lehulehu.

Kona kiʻi a me ka 'ole-maʻamau wahine paha, ua hala aku a koe he mea pohihihi.