North America: ke kokua a me kona hiʻona

'āina nā minelala hao North America - a pau? Anoee i loko o ke kula i kēia lā ma ka hana kemika haʻawina. Knowledge o kēia mau nīnūnē mea e pono ole wale no o ka hōʻike, akā, no hoi no ka mea pono kūpono 'ana. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, e ike kela mea keia mea o mākou i ka mea o ka ili o ka Honua ma luna o kākou e ola nei.

North America, ke kokua o ka a mākou e kamaʻilio i loko o kēia 'atikala kohu i ke' ano o ka vertical dissection South America. Ikaika kāʻei o ka Cordillera mauna hiki ma ke komohana kapakai ia 7000 ei. Advantageously, i ka lalo o ka hikina hapalua o ka pelapela a. A pau i kēia paipai i ke kokua ana o ka 'Amelika i ka ikaikaʻo Solomona. Eia naʻe, loaʻa nō nuiʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau 'âinapuni. Ma 'ana, e like me ka Cordillera mauna'ōnaehana ka nui lehulehu a me ka luna' 'ole ma mua o Andes (i kapaʻia Andean Cordillera). Ka mea, iloko o ka a pau'ōnaehana papa koa, okoa una a me ka 'ā ina' ole i okoa.

hikina ciia

Maopopo hookoaia aneane a pau ma luna o ka Cordillera 5 orotektonicheskih lonikū cii. Ka mua o kēia, i ka hikina - Laramide orogeny kualono: Mount Mackenzie, Kanakaole ka laulā, Ridge Hawaiian Sierra Madre, pohaku Mountains. Ka hope hiki ke maheleia e like me ke 'o ka orography i loko o nā māhele: kūkulu'ākau, a ma ke kūkulu hema. Ma waena o ia ke kū maila i waho Yellowstone Plateau. Kūlike loa straightness ano mea olinolino Mapa hiʻona.

Front holomuaʻana o ka hapapa Mountains

Front holomuaʻana o ka hapapa Mountains (North America) i ka kēia kokua ia: e hiki aneane 2000 ei i ka pololei o ka laina, me ka hoohuoi ana i ka ka hoʻomauʻana, a me ka pono uniformity o kona 'ā ina' ole. Ridge maopopo hoakaka, kau pali kiʻekiʻe kuahiwi, i ke kiekie o ka i It ke kiʻekiʻe o iho ma ka hikina a hiki i ka Great pāpū ihoiho 4000 m.. Front huahelu i ke komohana ma ka una ka hewa i loko o ka'ākau loa. Ma ka waena o ka mauna hoemiia. La lakou i kela kapa o ka muliwai o Pis, i mea kekahi o na kumu o ka Mackenzie muliwai. Front huahelu ma ka hema o ka hoʻonui. Ua Ua maheleia i loko o kekahi papa koa, o ke kiekie o ka a nui: Lewis, Caribou, Selkirk. Ma keia hapa ma laila nō ka nui kuahiwi Front ka laulā. Robson mea he mauna (elevation 3954 m) a me ka mauna Columbia (3747 m). Alpine ano o North America 'äina ai typical o ka Front laulā. He ua i wehewehe aku e haka a me ka nui glaciation.

Pohaku Mountains ma ka hema

Single lapa Rockies mai e hana i loko o ka hema. Eia ka mea, e haku o kanaka huihui ikehu lā, i kekahi manawa kaʻawale, a hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ma "wahi ulu lāʻau" - ākea pa holoi, ia ho i ka plateau-e like pauku e hoʻohui i ka nui pūnāwai Nui kula. Part o na kualono (Sangre de Ka Cristo, Wasatch) i lalau kokoke mai ka akau i ka hema. Other (e laʻa me, Uinta Mountains) - ma ka komohana-hikina olelo ÷ haku ia ia. Nui kiʻekiʻe a me ka laula o keia mauna kāʻei ua compensated ma ka nele ana o ka hoʻomauʻana. Ka palena ma waena o ka Nui pāpū , a me ka hapapa Mountains ua nui maopopo i olelo ia: o ka pali pa - i ka hene o na kuahiwi. Hema Pauku - o lakou typical epiplatform mauna i i hana ma hope o ka ho'ā hope o ke kihi o kekahi o na paepae ai kahiko.

Kāʻei kūloko ma plateaus a me plateaus

Next - kāʻei na plateaus a me plateaus i hanaʻia i loko o nevadiyskuyu e pelu ana ma ka pelapela o North America. Ke kokua Ua wehewehe aku ma ka pelupelu ia nevadiyskimi hale poe peniplenami. I loko o keia ciia aia no he plateau, a i hoopaaia ai i "ke koena ai" o ka mea kahiko, North American anuu, a clamped Cordillera (Northern Mass, Hawaii Plateau). Ka nui loa intermountain papu Fraser, Yukon, ka Great kīʻaha, Colombia, Akau a me Central Mass, Hawaii.

Great kīʻaha

Great pa holoi - denudation plateau, ka mea nui i loko o ia wahi. Keia wahi, ao kona laula mea i ka 800 ei, i mau, mea he alternation o lalo a me ka mauna surfaces me ka predominance o ka mea kahiko. Ma awelika 1500m hoala plateau ili honua. Eia naʻe, nui fluctuations ma na wahi kiekie. Plateau laua kualono intersect me kiekie o kahi o 3 ei (Wheeler piko - 3982 m). Deep kaumaha, i kapaia o Bolson, moe ma waena o lākou. Ua Ua kalaka nui-lelo, a puni iho la ka pa holoi, a mea he wahi no na nōkahea. Ka Make Valley - kekahi o ia (-85 m).

pinepine Relict mau poʻo, i loaʻa (me pele o ka lua pele).

Hawaii Plateau a me ka Grand Canyon

Hawaii Plateau - o kekahi o ka loa kū hoʻokahi kihi o ko mākou Honua, a ua ikeia no ka North America. Kona kokua ka loa maikai. E like me kona 'ā ina' ole (papamoe papa undisturbed mauna sedimentary pōhaku o kekahi mau makahiki - mai ka wa kahiko a hiki i verhnepaleoziyskih e moe ana ma luna o ka mea pōaka hale ilalo) mea he plateau like no ka North American anuu. Kona ili honua - hilly papu, a hiki i ke kiekie o ka 3860 m.

Attraction o ka plateau o ka Grand Canyon (North America). 'Äina a me ka aniau i o Laielohelohe i keia wahi he nui iauaeoia oo? Ecia. Grand Canyon (kiʻi ma lalo nei), ua hana mai o ka Hawaii muliwai, ma ka waena o kona papa. Ua hiki i ka hohonu o ka 1800 m, he laula o ka 8 i ka 25 ei ma ka plateau, a me 1km ma ka lalo kiʻekiʻe. Pali haahaa i hana hoihoi, bizarre ano o ka Luna Nui Canyon. Aku la lakou i waho, mai ke kaʻina hana o ka erosive poino a me ka weathering. Ka mea pōaka kumu o ka i loko iho o Kahualoa Kokohi ololi Kanal.

Pā mauna kāʻei

Ke kolu o ka ciia - ka pahale mauna - he kāʻei nevadiyskih papa koa: Coast Mountains, ke Alaska laulā, ka Cascade Mountains, ke Sierra Nevada, a me ka Transverse Lua Pele Sierra Madre Occidental. Straightforwardness likeʻole ma waena o ua mau puu. Igneous pōhaku predominate i loko o kā lākou 'ole. Cascade Mountains - batholith me ka lua pele cone, Impaled ma luna o laila. Ka lapa o ke Sierra Nevada mea he asymmetric kanaka nunui aniani batholith me ka ihona hene pali komohana a me ka hikina kahi haahaa.

kāʻei synclinoria

Ke ha ciia o ka ciia synclinoria. Kēia hakumakuma o ka ciia, i i hana i loko o ka Neogene. Part no ka mea, ua a ianoiyuaa a poe e likeʻole meaola Hono, straits. Ma ka aina ia o ke awawa o ka Make, ka Great Central Valley, ka haahaa ino i o ka Hawaii muliwai.

Aole loa West ciia

Five manawa - ka lōʻihi komohana. He He Hawaiian kāʻei o ka pelupelu ia Alpine puu like Aleut (loaʻa nō 25ʻeleu lua pele), Kenai Peninsula, Island Ridge ke Victoria TFX (kiʻekiʻena - 2200 m), Chugachsky Ridge Peninsula Victoria, Coast papa koa, huahelu Sierra Madre del Sura. mea a pau o ia meakino-kiʻekiʻe, akā, i ka loa koʻikoʻi kuahiwi ma luna o 2 ei.

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka nui o ka glaciation, ka oolea o Mapa lonikū cii, una a me ka erosional dissection, ka Cordillera ua maheleia i 4 morphostructural māhele: Cordillera o Mexico, ka United States Cordillera Cordillera Cordillera o Canada a me ka Alaska.

Ka hikina hapa o ka'āinapuniʻole

He aha ke kokua i North America ma ka hikina? E ka maka ia. E like me mākou i hoʻomaopopo, hana i ka North American 'äina mea nui i lalo i loko o ka hikina hapa o ka'āinapuniʻole. Holo nōhie ia mea sublime (Central, Laurentian) a me ka kiʻekiʻe papu. Pāpū mea ma ke kapakai: Primeksikanskaya, 'Akelanika' aina, Prigudzonskaya a me Mississippi ma ka lalo ino i o ka ia muliwai.

Appalachian mauna kāʻei

Ma North America, ma ka Akä naÿe i ke kūkulu hema, kekahi mauna kāʻei hiki ma ka hikina kapakai - Appalachian. Kēia'ōnaehana kuahiwi papa koa, mai ke awawa o St. manaʻo. Lawrence i kahi o 33-32 ⁰ mau. m., i mea aneane 2.300 kilomika. Ka mokupuni o Hawaii , oia ka'ākau loulou. Appalachian - ia epiplatform kiʻekiʻe mauna. Ka nui likeʻole ma waena o ka hema a me ka akau o ka mauna huahelu, kena ae la una 'ano a me ka' ā ina 'ole. Graben Hudson o ka palena ma waena o ka'ākau a me ka hema o Appalachian. Northern Appalachians like me ka a pau - ia mea undulating plateau. Ua Ua Kīwala'ō ma lalo kanaka mauna papa koa a me ka mauna papa koa. Northern Appalachian ano i ka Quaternary glaciation. No laila, i ke kinona o ka mauna manawa - palahalaha, wale i ka lani kiekie loa kuahiwi, he mau circuses me pali pā pōhaku.

Hawaiian Appalachians

Alternation o lōʻihi laua awāwa a me nā pali o okoa Hawaiian Appalachians. Mai ka hikina a me ke komohana ana ma ka wāwae o ka plateau. Ua Piedmont ma ke komohana - he i lalo papu o denudation, a ua hanaʻia e ka I Cambrian mea pōaka pōhaku. Mai ka mea, puka mai steeply i ke komohana kaulahao o ka mauna papa koa, kokoke e ana (Kohut, Unakite, Black, smoky, nui, uliuli, etc.), kiekie - 1-1.5 ei. Kēia "kahiko mauna" - anuanu Kora naʻEsau Caledonide, i ka i hoomakaukau denudation.

Kāʻei kualono a me na awawa

Kekahi o na mau loa kupaianaha o ka Appalachian Mountains ua aia i ke komohana o ka ia. Kēia no laila,-kapa Young Mountain, a kāʻei o nā kualono a me na awawa. Eia nō kekahi mau hana hoihoi hiʻona o ke kokua ana o North America. Sedimentary pōhaku o ka Paleozoic au ua haku o ka holoʻokoʻa ?? eoi?: Papa koa - shales a me sandstones o ke awāwa - dolomites a me limestones. O aku la no ka haneri o kilomika ma ka hema-komohana i ka akau-hikina o ka laina E kikoo o ka mauna, he akea awawa 'ē aʻe me ka i lalo-ai kainuʻu paha waihona meli me ka ololi kualono. Ma ka kiʻekiʻena o 500-600 mika, i ka lalo o ke awawa. kualono kuahiwi a hiki i 1-1.2 ei. Valley tectonically ho i anticlinoria a me nā kualono i synclinoria. I ua, ma keia wahi ua akaka ai OOAaAeAa 'ano o ka una' ole o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia palapala, a i ke kokuaʻaneʻi ma North America. Photos o Appalachia ua hōʻike mai iā ia ma lalo nei.

Kēia mea he laʻana o ka holo, a me ka hahana 'ano o ke ola. Ua ua loaʻa i loko o nā mauna ka loa pohihihi keia, a me ka loa brightly i loko o ka Appalachians. Kēiaʻano o ke ola ma ka laina hoomaka ia e kapaia "Appalachian ke ola." Kāʻei "opiopio mauna" i loko o ka komohana alalai mai i ka Appalachian Plateau (Cumberland, Allegheny). He He protrusionʻo kona kiʻekiʻe hoʻokahi mea 300-400 m. Kēia mea me ka nui loa kiekie ae plateau Piedmont. Kona ili hikina palena ke moe ma ke kiekie o kahi o 1,2 ei, a me ke komohana - 500 m + Plateau wahi kaumaha loa dissected awawa likeʻole muliwai (gorge hala ilalo me ka ololi a me ka poe puaa ma kahi haahaa) ..

Ua pono, e ia ke kokua o North America i komo nānā 'ia ma kēia' atikala, ua manao ia e e aho no ia, e hana i kona hōʻike.