Olga Konstantinovna Chehova, Nee Knipper: Kawaihae a me ka hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni o ka mea hana keaka

Mai na mea he nui i ka mea nana keia Olga Konstantinovna Chehova? TSB (Great Soviet puke noiʻi kūʻikena) he manawa pōkole 'ike e pili ana i ka wahine. He aha e ua ike e pili ana ia ia? Olga Chekhov - he haumāna o ka nui Stanislavsky a me ka hōʻike 'oihana. Ua Ua hoi ka wahine a ke keiki o Anton Chekhov. I kekahi manawa, ua he manga ballerina o ka Apana Reich a me ka punahele o Adolf Hitler. Ma ka kekahi lima, ka mea, ua manaoia he Kremlin hope paha. Ua - he maoli pohihihi a me kaʻao o ka iwakalua kenekulia. He He minamina ia no ka lōʻihi manawa uhi pū kona inoa ... Pehea i hana ai i ke ola o Olgi Konstantinovny Chehovoy? Family, na keiki, Kawaihae - pau keia i Ua i ke kumuhana o ko mākou loiloi. No laila, e ka hoʻomaka.

Ka ohana Russified kēia kanaka Kelemānia

Olga Konstantinovna Chehova (Nee Knipper) - 1897 makahiki o ka hānauʻia. He Ua hanau ia ma Alexandropol i loko o'Ararata. Ua Ua inoa i loko o ka hanohano o koʻu makuahine, me ka mea hana keaka kaulana Olga Knipper. E like me ka weuweu i ka wahine o ka maikaʻi loa kākau moʻolelo Anton Chekhov.

Na makua wā e hiki mai hoku he Russified kēia kanaka Kelemānia. No laila, i ko lākou poʻe kūpuna i noho ai i loko o Saarbrücken ma Germany.

Koʻu makua kāne i ka lunaʻenehana. A iā ia i komo i loko o ke kūkulu i kekahi o na aeaciui ai o ka Russian aupuni a pau.

I ka wā iki Ola i mau makahiki, ua neʻe Knipper ohana i Tsarskoye Selo.

E like me ka memoirs o ka mea hana keaka, keia mea ma kona pinepine hoʻokani me ke aliʻi keiki kakou nana.

ke kumu Stanislavsky

Ma Tsarskoye Selo i loko o ke aloha me Olga Erich Hollerbach. I ia mau lā ka mea, ua i kaulana nō manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Naʻe, i kēia aloha moʻolelo i i loaa i kekahi mau nō lā hoʻi. Ka mea i loko o 1910 Knipper ohana i hookahi manawa hou hoʻoneʻe i kekahi kulanakauhale. Ano, - i kēia manawa i loko o Petersburg.

Ma ke kula, Olga aʻo he kumuʻanoʻole maoli. Ua loaa kiʻekiʻe kahaʻano nui ma luna o kanaka e pili ana i ke akamai. I mea no ke aha la i ka 1914, na makua manao e hoouna aku ia i Moscow ma ka mea e pono ke kumu i ke kumuhana. I Pervoprestolnoj ua noho ai me kona makuahine, ai ka wahine kāne make Antona Chehova.

Pela, ua hoomaka ae la e hele ana i papa volnoslushatelnitsey moʻolelo keaka wale o Nuioka ma ma ka Moscow Art Kino. A kumu mua ua maikaʻi loa K. Stanislavsky.

mua ka mare

Ma keia kula, Olga ua hiki ke koke hakuloli i. Me ka pomaikai ana i komo i loko o na mea he nui acclaimed-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo o kona kumu, i waena o ka poʻe i noho i ka "Three Sisters" a me "ka kamako iki kīhāpai."

Ma hope o kekahi wā, ua loaʻa, a me ka kūlana o Ophelia ma "kauhale". A me ka papa kuhikuhiE ano pâʻani 'o ia ma ka Mikhail Chekhov, ka mea i ka hanauna o ka mea kākau moʻolelo kaulana.

Ka mea, ua ulu ka puahiohio Awaits. ʻOiaiʻo ia i koi ia ia i ke aloha o Olga, a Michael hoahānau Ivan. Akā, me ka mea hana keaka i manao e koke 'ōlelo i ka pilina, a ma September 1914 Olga, a Michael ho'āpono mare malū. Ka mea, e olelo aku i kona hou inoa mea oi ma mua o haʻaheo o. A hiki ma ka makahiki āna i ole hoʻololi.

Mikhail Chekhov hele aku la ia e lilo i poʻokela kau wela a me ke kumu. Ma kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia,ʻo ia i hana i kana hana keaka kula. Kona mau haumāna me Marlon Brando, Dzheyms olowalu, Yul Brynner, Pol Nyuman, Marilyn Monroe, a he nui 'ē aʻe kaulana a.

Ka mokuāhana ma me ka Mihailom Chehovym

A hiki i ka hui i ho'āpono mare, Olga ua umikumamahiku wale. Mikhail mua wahine na makahiki eono. I ka 1916, i ka hui i ikeia'ku, a me ka mea mua-hānau - kaikamahine Olga.

Ka mea hana keaka i Ua hiki ke hoʻomau e hana i loko o hāmau films. No ka laʻana, lalau aku la ia i loko o ka ho film "Cagliostro" hapa.

Akā, eia no ka mare ia iho ma waena o Mikhail a me Olga, Eia naʻe, ka mea, hoao iho la e e oi ma mua o ka hoʻokō 'ole'. Ka mea, e ole e loaa ana, a ma ka hope o ka 1917 ua hoʻoholo ihola i ka haʻalele.

Akā, Olge Konstantinovne Chehovoy, he Hawaii photo o ka a au i ka manawa kūpono e nānā i ka 'atikala, ua hiki ke hoola i wale i ka leo nui inoa, akā, i ka pono pilina me ka mua wahine. Ka mea, e mai e nānā i hope i ka hala, a ua hoʻoholo ihola e hoopoina e pili ana i kā lākou mau ae ka hōʻinoʻia. Ma pōkole, ka mea maoli makemake e noho wale nō ma keia.

Eia hou kekahi, Michael Chekhov Ua nui pili i kana kaikamahine. Makahiki ma hope, ua loaa ka noho ana mai o kona makua kāne - kekahi wahi kokoke i ke 'Amelika kulanakauhale o Kapalakiko.

Huakaʻi i Europa

Ia manawa, ma hope o nā hanana o Okatoba 1917, Olga i ka oluolu ola huli i loko o ka malu o ka poe ola. E hānai i kana kaikamahine, ua i puʻe wale, e kuai lilo aku i kona mau memorabilia a me ka pili ana. I mai la ia starving.

I kakahiaka nui 1921, ua loaa ae mai na Aupuni a hiki i ka eono-hebedoma kaapuni wale aku no. Ke AIM o keia holo ana - ola hoʻololi 'ia. Penei, i kona hoʻoholoʻana e hele aku i Germany. He 23.

Ma laila i loaʻa ia oia kekahi manawa hou e hooponopono i kona kino ola. Ua lilo i ka wahine o ka kekahi Friedrich Yaroshi. Oiaio, o ka mare ua loa pōkole-olaʻana. Ma hope o ke oki mare, i kona hoʻoholoʻana e hoʻolaʻaʻia lā iā ia iho i ka loa oe.

Debut i loko o ka Kelemānia Auana hana

A ike iho ua 24, ua Debut ma ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma Germany. Mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka noho malie Auana "Ka Castle Fogeled". O Ka Mua i wahi ma April 1921, a ua he nui ka pomaikai. Mai laila, ua hoʻomaka 'e hana mau i ka eono - ewalu pena no ka makahiki.

I ka 1922, ua i loko o ka pana o ka ho film "E kolikoli Dance o ka Holo Malie" hapa. Ke ho film loaa loa malimali nāʻana. Ma pōkole, Olga ike Kelemānia Mea Nānā a me filmmakers, ka mea makemake i kaʻike ma luna o ka pale i ko laua manawa i hiki.

Ma hope o ka manawa, Olga Konstantinovna Chehova, Film a ua loaʻa lākou komo mahalo hoolohe, ua hoʻi ma luna o ka ahaaina, akā, e hana e like me ka mea kuhikuhi. Auwe, kona ho film "Pagoda" i ole loaa ia ia ka pomaikai nui. Ma keia manawa, Olga i loaa German kupa, a, o ka papa, hou manaʻo o ka hoʻiʻana i ka Soviet Union.

Alualu loaa. No laila, ua pūlima i ka aelike me kekahi Pelelina ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni o. A mau mahina ma hope, ma ka hopena o kupulau o ka makahiki 1924, e hoʻoneʻe i koʻu makuwahine, kaikuwahine a me ka kaikamahine.

I ka 1927, Olga iʻikeʻia i loko o ka ho film "ke kuniʻana i ka mokuna." Incidentally, keia leki ka loa nui i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka Führer Adolf Hitler. A laila, ka mea e mau hoʻomaikaʻi aku iā ia no kēia kūlana.

Aka, o ka nani oiaio o ka mea hana keaka i lawe mai i ka pena "Moulin Rouge", Film ma Beritania mea kuhikuhi.

A laila, Olga e hoʻokele i ka hana, a ma luna o nā leo leki, i kapaia o "ʻekolu, mai ka kinoea wahi." Kēia kiʻi Ua lilo i Classic o ka honua hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

A ma hope o kēia ho film Olga Konstantinovna Chehova hele aku la i Amerika. "Mary" Hitchcock iho kono ia e Star ma o kona ho film. E noho i loko o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, a hana i ka 'oihana o Hollywood mea hana keaka - ka mea, ua maoli hoao kaumaha. Akā, i kona hoʻoholoʻana e nō hoʻi i Germany. Na kēia kanaka Kelemānia deservedly hiki ke Loiloi i keia hana.

Familiarity me ka Führer

Ma ke kakahiaka nui 30 ka Olga Chekhova-Knipper, kiʻi i i waiho i loko o ka 'atikala ua mua he maoli hoku o Kelemānia hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni. A i ka makahiki 1933 ka mea, hele mai la i ka mana, a me ka Nazis. No ka mea, o keia, mai o ka aina koke haʻalele nui alakaʻi, kākau moʻolelo, nā mea hana keaka. Akā, Olga i koe. Ua formally mai imua i ke Fuhrer, Goebbels a me Himmler. Hitler kapaia kona punahele mea hana keaka a me ka lū me compliments. He patronized ia ia ma kela hiki alanui. E like me na memoirs o Chekhov, he loa hilahila a me ka awkward kanaka Hitler ua. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia mau ka naʻauao o ia me nā wāhine a me'Aukekulia amiability. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia i ike i loko o ia i kekahi mea "demonic" a kupaianaha.

A laila ke ole pinepine ae la oia i ke e ike i ka oihana? Eaia ma ka National Socialists. Kona huiʻana me Mussolini. Ua loaʻa iā ia he maikaʻi pilina me ka mau, Goering. Ua hui pū me Eva Braun, ka mea i manaoia ka haku wahine o ka Fuhrer. Ma ke ala, na wahine i oi ma mua o hoa, a hoomaka ae la e manawalea pinepine.

National mea hana keaka

By 1936 la Chekhov i ka hailona ana i kaumaha ai oukou ia mai kekahi mau hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Ua ua io he 'Amelika holomua. Paha no ia mea, i ka Führer i manao e hāʻawi aku i Olga i ka inoa o "moku'āina o ka mea hana keaka III Reich."

I ka hookahi makahiki, ua lilo pū i ka millionaire Marcel Robin mai Pelekiuma. Naʻe, ua mare i undergone he fiasco. Ke hoeeia e wawahi mai i ka 1938.

I ka 1937, ka Moscow Art hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni troupe Ho'āʻo Kauai ma Farani. Ka wahine kāne make o Anton Chekhov i loko o kēia huakaʻi wahi. Soviet luna aupuni i haawi ia ia i ka manawa kūpono, e hea aku i loko o ka German kapikala e ike i kona punahele kaikamahine. Hoahanau i ole kamailio ana no ka iwakalua makahiki. E like me ka hopena, Olga Chekhov o ke kahua o kona makuahine,''he? Eaia. Akā, Olga Leonardovna i loko o ka moku'āina o kŰia. Ua kaikamahine nei manao, e waiho ia i ka Nazi alakaʻi. Goering lulu iho lima cordially a me ka makuahine minoʻaka 'o Randy. Ke Führer ua 'ike' ia ma kēia e hoʻopuehu ai. Akā, kapa iho la oia ia ia, a mihi kēia ikaika ia ia i hiki ole mai, no ka mea o ka manaʻo mea o ka moku'āina ...

I ke kakahiaka nui Akuma ka o ka 1940, i ke kaua o Pelekāne, hiki i ka mea hana keaka i ka Luftwaffe kumu i loko o Noremana. Ke pailota hoʻoholo e hoopaa i ka parade i loko o ka hanohano o ke aloha mea hana keaka. A mahina i loko o ka Palani kapikala i hele mai i ka pili kahe ana o kekahi o ka loa 'ihiʻihi paʻi puke, ma ke alo-ʻaoʻao kiʻi i kahikoia hoola ia hoopuniia e Kelemānia koa.

A, i ke koa kono ia ia i ka malihini i loko o ka pā kaua o Lille a me Palukela. Ua i kākau mele no ka eha i loko o ka haukapila o Tübingen.

I ka pau ana o ka 1940, Chekhov i kekahi AEeAaOA mai ka Fuhrer. Aia i kekahi kiʻi o Hitler me ka palapala. German alakaʻi kekahi manawa hou mahalo i kona tālena.

hikina alo

A lohe o Nazi Germany manao, e hoouka aku i ka USSR, Goebbels noi i ka Czechs, ka mea na ka manaʻolana 'ia i loko o ka Nazi e hoopae ia e paʻa Moscow. Ka mea hana keaka i ole kānalua, i mai la ia, loa paha, ka mea e ole loaa ia. Naʻe, ka mea hou ia paha oia ua hewa.

Ia manawa, i ka Nazi koa e ku, a me ka Crimea. A Yalta ua R. N. "Belaya Dacha", kahi i kekahi manawa i noho ai ka mea kākau moʻolelo Anton Chekhov. I mai la lakou i ole anaiia mai i kēia hale i a ia i hana ino iki mai no ka mea, mai ka 'noi i ka mea hana keaka o ka Nazi alakaʻi, e hoola i kēia hale.

Ke kaua hoʻomau. Olga Konstantinovna Chehova, Kawaihae a ua ole loa maʻalahi, hoʻoholo ihola e haʻalele i ka hana ma ka hikina mai Front. A i ka wā i ua ma ka Radio,ʻo ia i hana patriotic mele, akā, wale na Lyrics. I aku no hoi i kaapuni kana. Ua ua i loko o Palaka, Munich, Vienna.

E like me ke unconfirmed kumu, ka Soviet ee-manao ua hele aku ia,ʻo ka mea hana keaka i loko o ka kīmopō o ka Fuhrer. No ka unclear kumu, ka Communist alakaʻi Iosif Stalin kino quashed i ka manao.

He nui nā manaʻo i Olga K. Olga Knipper ano laulā, hana no Soviet akamai. Penei, Sergo Beria i loko o nā 'aoʻao o kona puke kākau i Chekhov ua he Soviet Agena. Akā, i ka Documentary hoike iʻaʻole naʻe, ua hōʻike mai iā ia.

Paha ka mea, ua pau pono ai. Ma kekahi hihia, he mea 'ike i loko o ka hoʻomaka o ka makahiki 1945, Himmler i hele e interrogate Chekhov. A hiki aku kona poe kanaka i hele mai i ka mea hana keaka, ka mea ike mai ia, uaʻoluʻolu e inu kī me ka Führer ia iho. Ke'ī mai, o ka hopu i ole lawe wahi.

A me ka hopena o April, ka mea, ua i ke kaua no ka Kelemānia poʻo ...

hopu ia primo

A pau ke kaua i pau ai i loko o ka weliweli, no ka Chekhov hele mai i Soviet koa. Ka mea, loaa mai ka mea ana i noho ai, a ua hopu. Ma ka hoʻomaka ka mea i ninau ia ma Pelelina, a laila, ma luna o ka oihana koa pelane hoouna aku i ke kapikala o ke Soviet Union. Aiaʻo ia i noho ai i loko o kekahi mau-lumi keʻena. Ua Ua pāpā mai ka ike ana i ko lakou mau hoahanau. Ma ka olelo, ka mea, ua nō he pio.

Ua kipa i ka Soviet luna. Lakou i lawe mai i ka buke ia ia, pâʻani 'o ia me ia i loko o Mū Kākela. Ka mea, kamailio e pili ana i ke mele, e pili ana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, me ka hana keaka a me ka moʻokalaleo. A laila, hoomaka ae la ka ekolu-ka malama a me ka interrogations. Ka mea hana keaka 'Aʻole i hūnā i kekahi mea. Ma hope o ia, ma ka hopena o July 1945, Chekhov Ua lawe hoʻi i Pelelina. ʻO kona mau accomplice o ka Nazi? Eia, i pana aku la ia, a hopu. No ke aha la - kēia nīnau nō koe unanswered ...

ka postwar wā

A lohe o Olga K. Olga Knipper hoi i Pelelina, ka mea, uaʻaneʻane ole loa o ka subsistence. Ano, i kona kūlana kālā kokoke i ole nei. Ma ua noho pilikia ana ua kokua mai oia i kona kaulana i ka mea hana keaka. I aku la oia i na mea he nui laila noi i kona kiʻi ma luna o ka hoomanao ana. No keia mea, i loaa ka ai a me ka uahi paka.

A i loko o November 1945 ka Pelelina nupepa i kapaia "Kurier", i i paʻiʻia ma ka Palani koa Aupuni, hai ia Chekhov i i hookoia kiekie loa ia nā kumu kāki - i ka Papa Hanohano o ke Lūkini. A ia ia i hookoia ka Stalin ia ia iho. Kēia memo Ua replicated ma ka helu o ka maikaʻi-ikeia paʻi puke.

ʻEhā mau makahiki ma hope, Chekhov hoʻoholo ihola e hele iā West Germany. Eia hoʻi, ia mea i kū'ē i keia noi. Ma laila i loaʻa ia mea, ua hiki ke hookupaa oia i kana iho o Nuioka ma. Eia naʻe, iʻaʻole maopopo hoʻokō i kēia papahana no ka mea, o ka poe i hele aku bankrupt.

A laila, Chekhov Hoʻoholo ihola e hoʻi i ke kahua. Eia hou kekahi, hoomaka hou oia e hana i loko o films. Ua i hoʻoholo hookahi manawa hou i hohola aku i ka lohe ÿana o kona hanana.

Ua kuai lilo aku la i kona mau antiques e Jewelry, e wehe i ka hou poʻe. Ua hana mai i ka nani Salon i kapaia "nā mea hoʻonani Olga Chekhov Gesellschaft". Incidentally, ma keia manao, ka mea i kokua i ka palapala puka beautician. I ka 1937 ua lilo i ka 'oihana technician. Palapala puka i loaa ma Palika. Ma ke ala, i ka poe koe ua lilo kekahi o ka loa kaulana maʻEulopa. I ka mea ia manawa he mau no hoi i na lala o kona poʻe ... No laila, kekahi o na salons ma Milan.

Ma ka hopena o 50s mea hana keaka ana i i ka peni. Her puke o memoirs kapaia "au e i gloss no!". Ke huahana nanea nui hiʻona.

i ka napoo ana

Mahalo i ka poe o ka loaa Chekhov, ma ka mea, ua hiki ke loaa i ka kohu kūpono elemakule

I ka 1962, ua i i hookoia ai ka makana "No ka mea, he nui na makahiki i ka poʻokela na makana i Kelemānia hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni."

Mau makahiki ma hope, ua makemake e hele mai i ka Soviet Union, e kamailio, ma hope, a me ko lakou mau hoahanau. Akā, luna aupuni o hoole ia.

I ka hookahi makahiki ia wawahi mai ai me kona mau moʻolelo keaka wale 'oihana. He kanaono-ehiku. A mai ka mea hōʻike āna i haʻalele ai i kaʻumi makahiki mamua. Ma ke ala, i kona penultimate kiʻiʻoniʻoni i kapaia "ka tālena ia e hauʻoli." Incidentally, o ka mea hana keaka pâʻani i ka loa lakou ia lakou iho.

I ka makahiki 1972, ua hookoia ka Kelemānia Aupuni ia ia i ke kea "No ka kānaka apau i mākaukau".

A me ka pono i elemakule ai kona aloha, e holo ma ke kua o ka huila. ʻOiai kou Keaukaha kana mea. O kana puni kaʻa ua he BMW.

Makeʻana o ka mea hana keaka

Ua make i ka makahiki 1980. Kauka diagnosed me ka lolo Ka maʻi 'aʻai. Ua make iho la ma ka makahiki o ka 83 makahiki. Great mea hana keaka Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia ma ka ilina ma Munich.

I ka 1997, ma ka Pelelina ka Spandau Apana i loko o ka hanohano o Chekhov i kapaʻia he alanui.

Olga Konstantinovna Chehova (makahiki o ke ola: 1897 - 1980), a ola i ka make ana o kana kaikamahine. Ua ili ma ka pelane kui i loko o kanalima makahiki.

Moʻopuna wahine, ke ole i lilo i mea hana keaka.

A me ka hope. Kekahi o na pena Olgi Chehovoy i kapaia o "ke kanaka i makemake e noho palua." Apparently,ʻo ia, a laila au e hoʻokele e ola mau destinies, mau ola. One ua noho ma Hawaii, a me ka mea 'ē aʻe - i loko o Russian ...