Pale mai - ia ... He aha -No- i loko o ka moʻokalaleo? -No- o Pushkin, Lermontov, Yesenin a me nā haku mele

Pale mai i ka 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke o medieval poetry, i noho hanohano, a ma o ka poetry o hope o ka'āina. Kekahi mau moʻolelo i hana -No-, pinepine huli i keia pauku, a Lūkini haku mele.

Pehea la -No-

Italy ua manaoia i ka aina hanau o -No-. Ka hua'ōlelo "stanza" ua unuhi mai Italian me "lumi" a "holo ana." Station ma ka Italia pakebona kuhikuhipuʻuone - he lumi ma i ka kakauinoaia palapala a hoʻomaka nui halawai, e like me ka Stanza della Senyatura. I ka mea i hanaia a me ka mea hoʻonani o ka lumi 'ole i ke kaulana Rafael Santi.

Ma ka moʻokalaleo -No- - he stanza, kela mea keia mea o ka a i kona mau kūikawā manaʻo, 'o ia hoʻi, kēlā hou pauku, aole ia e hoʻomau a hiki i ka mea mua kekahi, akā, mea he piha a pau. Kekahi stanza expresses kekahi i kekahi manaʻo, akā, ma luna o ka mea a pau poem -No- i organically e pili ana i kekahi i kekahi, a hui ho okumu i ka noʻeau a pau.

-No- ma medieval moʻokalaleo

No laila, Italy i ka aina hanau o -No-, a ma laila ka mea, e pinepine hoʻohana 'e hoʻonani i nā lālā o ka hanohano. First -No- kakau iho la Andzhelo Politsiano, Italian haku mele, ka poʻe i noho i loko o ka 15th kenekulia, a me ka mea i hoʻolaʻaʻia i Dzhuliano Medichi. Ma Italian moʻokalaleo -No- - keia poem, a he ewalu -No- me ka rhyme.

-No- o Byron

Dzhordzh Gordon Byron - he nui Pelekāne haku mele, ka mea i he Contemporary o Pushkin. Byron ka poetry i hoolaa ai i ka haaheo o ke kanaka uhane, i ka nani o ke aloha. Byron i kuleana i loko o ke kipi ana, a me ka Carbonari o ka Helene, a kakau iho la i kona "-No-" i ka 1820.

Aia mau -No- o Byron, hoolaa i ka Helene, a me ka nani kihi o ka Helene ano. I ka papa kuhikuhiE theme like o kona mau -No- - he aloha i ka mea maikai Helene wahine, a me ka Helene paio no ka noho kauwa ole ana a me ke kūʻokoʻa. Byron ka poetry i he ole nui ma luna o ka hana o Pushkin.

-No- ma Lūkini poetry

Pale mai - he 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke i loko o Lūkini poetry hoomaka e hoʻomōhala i loko o ka umikumamawalu kenekulia. Ma Lūkini moʻokalaleo, ua uuku poem, a he o quatrains, a me ka hapanui o kona nui - ia mea iambic tetrameter. -No- ma Russian moʻokalaleo laa ka hapanui lyrical ke aloha i ke kaikamahine, akā, i kekahi manawa, ua, ua pili i ka Hopu kaiapili-nohona i loko o ke ola o ka aina, e like me Pushkin -No-.

-No- o Pushkin

Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin kākau ihola i kona kaulana "-No-" i loko o ka Akuma ka o 1827. Ma keia hana, i i ua kamaʻilio nui na manawa he nui, aole mea i kiʻi o Petero ka Nui, ka mea kaulana Lūkini Auguseto.

Keʻano o kēia poem ua pili i ka maka mua o ka noho alii ana o Rotehama. Pushkin, "-No-" a hoomaka ae la ka hoomaikai aku i ka imperial mana, me ka manao ana i kēia Mō'ī e hoʻololi i ka ola o ka ano o kanaka i ka maikaʻi. No kona kuleana, ma Rotehama au i ka manao ana e kōkua iā ia soothe Pushkin wa opiopio olelo la. He? Aaei Pushkin kōkua i ka hoʻololi aʻo hoʻonaʻauao a me ka'ōnaehana pūnaewele.

"-No-" e hoohalike ai i ka mau mō'ī: o Petero ka Nui, a me kona nui-moʻopuna kāne o Rotehama. Maikaʻi no ka Pushkin o Petero. Kēia alii ua he hana oiaio, i mea ole averse i kekahi hana. He ua nō hoʻi he hoʻokele, a me nā kula, a me ke kamana. Lā ma i na rula o Petero ka Nui, e like me Pushkin, i Rusia i ka mana nui. Oiai keia alii, a hoomalumalu mai ana ia i ka hoʻomaka o kona ola na hooko objectionable, akā, ma hope me ke kōkua o Rusia ke lilo nui. Peter mau aʻo a me ka i, e aʻo i nā'ē aʻe,ʻo ia i hana ai no ka nani o ko lākou aupuni.

Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin, "-No-" a ua kaulana hana ma Lūkini moʻokalaleo kahea ka Emperor Rotehama au e haʻi hou aku i ka mama o Petero, a ke lawe mai Rusia i ka hou kiʻekiʻe.

Ma waho o ka "Stan", ma ka pili ana i ka mea ia manawa, i ka haku mele, palapala iho la i ka poem "Friends" a me "ke kaula". Ua Ua ea ae ka hana ana a pau ekolu o kēia mau poem kuahene he hookahi puke, a e e paʻiʻia ma "Moscow Gazette" Magazine i ka 1828. Akā, Pushkin manaolana i ole e hele pololei: ka Auguseto pāpā i ka puke o kona mau poem, like Pushkin la Russian Luna o na makai Benkendorf.

Lermontov -No-

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov o kekahi o na Artists loa poʻokela ma ka Lūkini poetry. He aha mea he stanza, Lermontov aʻo ma hope o heluhelu English poetry, oi loa ka hana o Byron.

Pale mai i ka Lermontov poem like uuku, i ua ole hoakaka ma ka 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke hiʻona. I ka makahiki i kākau 1830-1831 Lermontov eono poem i shape hiki ke hoakakaia like -No-. Lākou ka papa kuhikuhiE theme like ka pilialoha ke aloha, ma ka poem o kekahi kanaka uʻi, huli i kana mea i aloha ai. Lermontov, -No- a i kaua kipi ma lalo o ka aoao o na hana Dzhona Bayrona "-No- i Augusta" i ka hopena ma luna o ka palapala, ai 'mooolelo o kākau ia mau hana ma hope ona.

hoopihaia Lermontov ka poem a me ke kaumaha o ka protagonist, ka mea i ike i ka lapuwale a me ka poino o kona honua ola ana, moe o kekahi ola. Ka haku mele kākau e pili ana i ka loneliness i loko o kēia ao kona hoʻohālike iā ia iho i ka pōhaku e, pale aku la i ka hae o ka makani a me ka makani ino mai ai, akā, hiki i ka hoʻopale 'ia mai ka puka ana a hiki i keʻano o nā pōhaku. Mikhail Lermontov, nona -No- loa ana ka hoike i ka worldview o ka haku mele, lilo i kumu hoʻohālike no ka nui no hoi na kanaka haku o Lūkini moʻokalaleo.

-No- Ann

Innokentiy Fedorovich Annensky noʻonoʻo i ka "noketura Lūkini moʻokalaleo." Ka mea, 'ike akula lākou poetic talena ma ka makahiki o ka 48 makahiki, Innokentiy Annensky lilo he koʻikoʻi ka palapala, ai mea nāna i hana. Kona poem "-No- o ka po" ua i ka pepeiaohao nui kekahi hanana i loko o ka Contemporary moʻokalaleo. Kona maʻiʻo - ka manaʻolana o ka halawai ana me kona mau mea i aloha ai, a e hele mai i loko o ka pouli o ka po. He nui noiʻi manaoio i kona poetry i ka pono me ka poetry o ka Impressionists, i loko o 'ana, a me na pena o Claude Monet.

-No- Esenina

Sergey Aleksandrovich Esenin lilo i ka 'elele o ka hou Lūkini moʻokalaleo, a i kaʻaoʻao o Soviet mana. He hoopau ai i ke kākoʻo i ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana, a ua pahuna kana mau hana a pau ma ke kākoʻo i ka Pop laila ka Soviet'ōnaehana, e kākoʻo i ka hana o ka Communist Party. Akā, i ka mea ia manawa, ka mea no hoi i ko lakou mau ano.

Oiai ma ka Baku, ma Azerbaijan, ka haku mele hoʻomaka kākau "-No-". Yesenin iho Shoes kēia i loko o ka poem: he makemakeʻo ia e haʻalele Moscow no ka mea, o misunderstandings me ka mākaʻi. Akā, hoomaopopo kona flaws ( "e mea hiki i kekahi manawa au inu"), a me Yesenin i kākau i kona huakaʻi - e mele i kaikamahine, hoku, a me ka mahina, a me ka inoa o Lenin, a Marx. He e hoole i ka aoao o ka lani koa i loko o kanaka lehulehu. Na kanaka ia lakou iho pono e kūkuluʻia nā mea a pau ma ka aina, wahi a ka haku mele, a me no mea e pono ai e hana i ka holoʻokoʻa hanalima ikaika.

Yesenin ole accidentally haawi i kana hana i kapaia "-No-", ka poem mea pono Maka Uʻi Pushkin ka "-No-." Yesenin ua he admirer o Pushkin, kau pua ma kona mau kia. Akā, Yesenin, manao iho la -No- - mea,ʻaʻole heʻano o ke aloha poetry, me he ala, e hoike i ko lakou civic hoʻomoana.

ka mea, i halawai "-No-" Esenina me ka apono o ka aoao luna o ka poe i makemake e ike i ka haku mele Yesenin ihola ia aoao, hoolaa ai i na ideals o ke kipi. Akā, i kēia poem hōʻailona a ka haku mele i ka huli, mai "Moscow Teriatubereno," a hiki i ka hou Soviet aku o ka lanakila. Pela mai nei he nui kiʻiʻoniʻoni. No keia hana enthusiastically reacted Magazine limahana "Red Virgin lepo", ka mea i manaʻo i Yesenin, ma hope, ka io o kona, he Soviet haku mele. Ka pololei kuhikuhi ana o ka haku mele noʻonoʻo i kaʻilihune o ka pono ole o ke aniau Baku, kahi āna i laila, noho, a me ke aloha me Petrom Ivanovichem Chaginym.

-No- Brodsky

Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky ua he poʻokela Lūkini haku mele, a ua like waiwai e Lūkini a me ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia' ōlelo. Ua lanakila ka Nobel lua ma ka kŘpa a opiopio e poohina ai - 47 makahiki.

A maoli o St. Petersburg, oia i noho mua i loko o Rusia, laila, i loko o ka United States. Ma nā mea a pau i kona mau poem uwila Petersburg, loa pinepine ua oleloia i kēia kūlanakauhale i loko o ka hana kaulana "-No- kulanakauhale."

Lehulehu haʻawina o ka puke "New -No- i Augusta" hōʻike i keia hana pinepine hoʻohana lexical huahelu e like me ka inoa o Marie a me Telemachus, a me na huaolelo "Madame", "aloha", "hoa". I ka papa kuhikuhiE mākaʻikaʻi o ka "New -No- i Augusta" - he aloha i ke kali ana i kona hoa. I kona maka a pau i ka akahai kāhea aku a ke o ka haku mele. Mamuli o ke kauoha Brodsky ka poem hiki e hookolokoloiaʻi e au, e na -No- i loko o ka moʻokalaleo. mea i nui ai kona poetry o ka pio motif ke kikowaena ano o Brodsky ka lyrical meʻe.

Collection o "New -No- i Augusta" Ua hoʻolaʻa iā Marii Basmanovoy. Ua makamake nuiʻAʻole wale kiʻi o lyrical koa, akā, i kamaaina. Ka mea, i ka symbolic manaʻo. Lyrical meʻe haawi i kona loira ke komolima me ka'ōmaʻomaʻo. 'ōmaʻomaʻo -, he pohaku i mai na iwi o na kanaka. Ka meʻe ninau mai i kana mea i aloha ai, e komo i kēia pōhaku ma luna o ke apo manamana lima.

Ma ka poem "He māhele o ka Honeymoon," ka mea kākau kaupaona i nā ka malina hua'ōlelo. Kona inoa i aloha o Marina, no laila ia i uku kūikawā noonoo ana i ka meaola theme like.

Ka poem "Night auhee ai hoi" ua pau i ka hele i loko o ka opu o ka pelane, a me ka haku mele no ke komo maluna i ka mea, makemake mau i ka hele i Central Asia. Apuni ka ma ka pelane, no ka mea, ua i papalua manaʻo - ia mea he holo ana i kekahi ola, a me ka hele aku i ka alahouana. Ka haku mele piʻi i ka okoa aku o ka lanakila, ma kahi o ka poino a me ka pilikia a pau.