Perm Krai kanaka: mooolelo, moʻomeheu a me ka ethnography

Ma ka mōʻaukala o ka Perm māhele ka mea, ua multiethnic. I kēia lā ia mea hale i ka 125 'okoʻa ka lāhui i nā pūʻulu. He aha kanaka noho Perm? Kekahi o ia mea kahiko i ka māhele 'āina?

Perm

Ma ka māhele o ka mokuna ma waena o Europa a me Asia. A nui 'āpana ua aia ma ka hikina kae o ka Europa hapa o Rusia. Ma ka akau ia kona palena me ka Repubalika o Komi, Bashkortostan - ma ka hema, Sverdlovsk māhele - ma ka hikina, a ma ka akau-komohana o ka Kirov māhele 'āina.

Hoikehonua, ka hoʻonaʻauao - Perm - Ua hana ia ma 2005 ma hope o ka unification o ka Perm māhele 'āina a me Komi-Perm hana nona iho District. I ka papa kuhikuhiE hoʻomalu waena o ke kulanakauhale o Perm. Ka mokuna o ka māhele 'āina i nohoʻia e kānaka i kakahiaka nui me ka Paleolithic'āina. ʻeleu ulu o Russian hoomaka ka hola i loko o ka XVI kenekulia, aʻoi loa i loko o ka XVII kenekulia, ma hope o ka loaʻa o ke keleawe a me ke gula.

Nā lāhui kanaka o ka Perm māhele 'āina a me ko lakou mau mooolelo, ua loa like. Ma ka wahi o ka 160ʻahā like kilomika, i ka heluna kanaka o ka hola 125 nationalities. I ka huina helu o ka heluna kanaka - 2,6 miliona kanaka. Ke hoʻokiwikā kanaka predominates ma luna o ke kulanakauhale, ia mea 75%.

He aha kanaka noho Perm?

he nui lāhui pūʻulu a me nā lāhui kanaka e noho ana i loko o ka māhele 'āina. O kēia mau mea, i ka mua, pono no keia wahi, he ehiku wale. 'Ōlelo o nā lāhui kanaka o ka Perm māhele i lehulehu. I loko o ka lāhui 'ōiwi lāhui pūʻulu e maheleia i Finno-Ugric, Slavonic (Russian), Turkic.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE heluna ua poe e Russian (2.1 miliona). ʻO kēia mau mea heluna hapauuku Tatar (115 tausani.) Komi Permiaks (80 la.), Bashkirs (30 la.), Udmurts (20 la.) A Ukrainian (16 la.). More o eha tausani kanaka, he Belarusians, kēia kanaka Kelemānia, Chuvash a me Mari. Other lāhui kanaka Perm palena hōʻike ma ka hapa. Iwaena o lakou Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Kauai, Ingush, Komi-yazvintsy, Mordvinians,ʻaeʻa, Moldavians, Mansi, Koreans, Pākē, Georgians, Chechens a me na mea e ae.

Ka lāhui 'ōiwi kanaka Perm palena makana ekolu nui pūʻulu: Finno-Ugric, he Tureke a me Slavic. I ka wā mai XV e XVI kenekulia i loko o ka luna ino i o ke Kama noho i nā kūpuna o ka Komi-Perm. Ka hema o ka aina i nohoiaʻi e ka Bashkirs a me ka Tatars. Ma ka ?? eoi? Ua i ka home Udmurt, Mansi a me Mari. Russian kanaka i hele mai maʻaneʻi i loko o ka XVI kenekulia, koke lilo predominant.

Mari

paha e kekahi i loko o kekahi 'ōlelo' o ka inoa o na kanaka a pau o ka Perm māhele. No ka laʻana, mau kapa Mari Mara iho a me kona kua. Kēia lāhui kanaka e pili ana i ka Finno-Ugric lāhui hui. Ko lākou mea hōʻoiaʻiʻo i loko o ka wahi ma waena o ka Volga a me Vetluga. Ka hapa nui o lakou e noho i loko o ka Lūkini Repubalika o Mari El, e like me ia ma ka Volga'āina, a me nā Urals.

Anthropological kumu ka mea, e suburalskomu type, me ka hou aku nō i nā hiʻona o ka Mongoloid lāhui. Lāhui Ua hana hoʻi i loko o I tausani. N. e ka. Lākou moʻomeheu a me ka aoao o ke ola e like loa me ka Chuvash lakou. Nā kanaka he o eha ka lāhui i nā pūʻulu i loko o ka'āina e nohoʻano nui Kungurskye Mari.

Part o na kanaka maliu Orthodoxy, eia nae ke kumu manaoio o ka kuʻuna hoʻomana. Ma keia hihia, ia mea kaulana pili kūpono loa, hui me ka monotheism. Mari paganism ua muli ma ka hoomana ana i na koa o ke 'ano, ka pule, a i wahi i loko o ke kapu oʻAseterota, (i loko o keʻano hana no? Ieoaeunoaa coude).

Folk costumes hooku iho la ia i ka Awaits, kapa, i humuia, wāwae a me caftan, kaei ae la ia me ka luna kāʻei a pepa. Women komo Jewelry i ka malihini, pūpū, lei. Hat mea he kāwele me Hu - Sharpan, he kanaha paha conical chap. Men komo pālule me ka piha loa.

Udmurt

Autochthonous heluna o ke Kama, a me ka Urals - Udmurtia. Ka mea, e pili ana i ka Finno-Ugric kanaka, e like me ka pono me kekahi kanaka'ē aʻe o Perm Krai. Hea ka mea me ia, i ke Komi-Permyak a me Komi lāhui kanaka, eia nae ke ola a me ka moʻomeheu paʻa 'ole ma ka Lūkini, a Tatar mooolelo. Ka hapa nui o ka heluna kanaka i Orthodox Kristiano, aka, he mau oihana mua o ka poʻe kānaka hilinaʻi i ua malamaia ma na kauhale.

Udmurt mea maʻa mau komo ma ka mahiai (palaoa a me ka uala) a me nā holoholona? Aneii, iʻiʻo holoholona hihiu a me ka akoakoa, beekeeping a me ka lawaiʻa. Ka mea, i noho ai i loko o ka kokoke kaiāulu, kahi e noho mauʻohana, ma ka ia wahi. Pū ma ka humuhumu, knitting, woodwork, ulana a me ka spinning.

ʻano hana? Ieoaeunoai (Kuala) no ka pule ua, e like Mari, i loko o ka ulu lāʻau. O ka hale i ka umu me ka wehe 'ieoaeunoai, bunks no ka moe, a me kaʻulaʻula kihi (papaaina, a me ka noho) no ke poo o ka ohana. Women ka lole oia o ka Awaits, kapakomo, i hoʻomaikaʻi i me ka velvet bib a me ka puhaka. Ka mea, Ua wehi lakou ia lakou iho e hana, apo, lei. Men apo i ka uliuli, a keʻokeʻo onionio lole wāwae, blouses, ma muli paha o pālule.

Komi-Permyak

kanaka kapaʻia lākou ma ka poeikohoia o ka Komi Komi Mort a luku kŰia. Ka mea, i noho aiʻano nui i loko o ka palena o ka mua Permian Komi District. Ka mea, e pili ana i ka Finno-Ugric pae. 'Ōlelo a me ka mooolelo i aʻo Kīwala'ō nui a hiki i ka Komi lāhui kanaka. Moʻokalaleo i loko o ka 'ōlelo' ana o nā kanakaʻaneʻane, aole.

O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ke Komi-Perm i mahiʻai, holoholona mahinaai, huli holoholona, ka lawaiʻa, ulana, Pottery, spinning. Currently, ka mea, o ka lāʻau aaioee a me ka mahiai. Like nā lāhui kanaka o ka Perm māhele 'āina a me Komi-Permian he pegana, akā, i hoolilo i ka hapanui i Kristiano. ʻO wai ka mea i imi e hoola i ka poʻe hilinaʻi.

Traditional kapa ua initially uliuli a me kaʻeleʻele'ōniʻoniʻo, a me ka hope, he'ē aʻe'ōniʻoniʻo, a ma luna o ka Awaits Add Picture "aeea". Women ka lol; oia no ke kapa Awaits, ma i ua pohole sundress. I kekahi manawa, sundress pohole'Epane. Pālule - corbel hoaka, hoʻonaniʻia me ka humuhumu a me ka mea e nani ai. Men apo i ke kapa ua humulauʻia Awaits, metala o kāʻei a me ka lole wāwae. Ma kona mau wawae he pōpoki pogaleshki a me kamaa.

Muncie

Lāhui pili i ka Mansi Ugric kanaka. Ma Rusia, ka poeikohoia o na kanaka i kona wahi. I ka papa kuhikuhiE heluna ola i loko o ka Khanty-Mansiysk hana nona iho Okrug. Aka, Mansi kahiko no kānaka i loko o ka Perm māhele 'āina. Ma ka māhele 'āina he mea wale he mau kanaka (i ka 40), e noho ana i loko o ka Vishera Reserve.

Kuʻuna pūʻulu kanaka maoli i ka Mansi'ōlelo ua pili i ka Ob-Ugric pae. Nohona, a kokoke loa i ka Mansi a me Khanty Hungarians. Nā & okua ia, a me Orthodoxy, mālama hoolaʻi pili kūpono loa a me ka shamanism. Muncie manaʻo i loko oʻaumākua.

Mawaena o ka mea kahiko hana - reindeer herding, lawaiʻa, huli holoholona, mahiai a me ka holoholona, i ka'āina. Ei? Kūkulu naciiiuo. Winter kupapau noho ana ma na hale a me pupupu ma ka 'ano Lūkini kauwela i loko o nā halelewa o ka conical shape i ka birch wauke. Open ipu ahi i ka auamo i mālama like hahana maoli nō kēia a me ke kukui. A ano hiʻona o ka Mansi ua i ka mea, i ole hana Fish, me kā lākou mau hale i na uhane ino.

Female hoopii poe kowali kapa paha maloko ka lole a me ka lole. I komo i ka scarf, a me ka puu o ka Jewelry. Nā kānaka i nā pālule, a me nā lole wāwae; lole ua IeAUPIIe, IAa IO me ka hewa o ka lole.

Tatars

Tatars i Turkic kanaka. A me ka hoʻomano haawi ma luna o ka mokuna o Rusia (i ka lua o ka helu ana o kanaka). Lakou noho ana ma ka Kama'āina, Urals, ka Volga wahi, ka Aole loa Hikina a me Siberia. Ma ka Perm māhele Tatars a pau loa imua i aneane pau loa na localities.

Tatar'ōlelo e pili ana i ka Altaicʻohana. Ka hapanui o na kanaka e pili ana i ka Sunni Nā Poʻe Isalama, aole nae he mau Orthodox Kristiano a me atheists. Na Kama Tatars hana pili loa me ka Bashkirs, a alakai ai i ka manao ole i kekahi i kekahi hana 'ike loea.

National lole mea okoa i loko o kekahi lāhui Tatars. Ke kumu nui hiʻona o ka wahine lole - he lōʻihi Awaits-lole wāwae. Top Ua kau aku ma luna o ka ua humulauʻia bib, a me kaʻaʻahu weluwelu like outerwear. Ma ke poo e lei ana i ka pāpale hainikā, scarf a ua inaina i ka kalfak. Men apo kekahi i manao ai ua inaina i ka luna o skullcaps. Jewelry no ka wahine i mai ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia.

Bashkirs

Kekahi pūʻulu o nā kanaka o Turkic - ia Bashkirs. I ka papa kuhikuhiE heluna ola i loko o ka Repubalika o Bashkortostan. Ke aupuni 'ōlelo o Bashkir. Like ka Tatar, ka mea e pili ana i ka Altaicʻohana. Na elele o na kanaka - Nā Poʻe Isalama i Sunni.

Bashkirs i hea ka mea me ka Turkic lāhui kanaka, oiai ka mea i komo i loko o ka ethnogenesis o ka Iranians a me Finno-Ugric kanaka. Nā kanaka alakai i kekahi kalaka nui-nomadic Aloha Hawaii, ka hana 'ana ma holoholona i ka'āina. I ka Ia manawaʻo ia i komo i loko o ka lawaia, huli holoholona, apiculture, mahiʻai, hoiliili. Mawaena o na House i hili,? Iecaianoaaiiuo o shawls a me ka hooponopono ana. Bashkirs, haohao o ka Jewelry a me ka forging.

Folk costumes kui sheepskin. Wahine a me nā kānaka i komo lole wāwae me ka ākea ka anu u. Top kau aku ma luna o ka lole (okoa i na wahine a me na kanaka). I apo i ka holokū polukaftan, kamzul. I keia manawa he wahi lihi iki o ka aahu humuhumu, applique. Headgear kaulua mai chap, pepa i ka papale-ushanok. A pau koloka i humuia lauana. Men komo i ka skullcap, a ikeia pālule.

ka hopena

Nā lāhui kanaka o ka Perm māhele 'āina a me ko lakou mau mooolelo, ua nui okoa mai kekahi i kekahi. Ka māhele 'āina Ua mau, ua wehewehe aku multiethnic, hoʻokahi lāhui kanaka ma kona ?? eoi? I malama. Mua, ohana kekahi ua mau mai kekahi wahi a hiki i kekahi ma ka huli ana i ka loa 'ano kūpono no ke ola.

Ma ka XV kenekulia, kekahi mau ohana i noho ai i loko o ka Perm'āina, a me kona mau kūpuna i hana i nā lāhui kanaka o ka Perm māhele. Moʻomeheu a me ka ethnography o kēia kanaka i i ulu ma ka hoʻokaʻawale, akā, ae alakaʻi ai i kekahi i kekahi. No ka laʻana, Udmurt ili moʻomeheu kāna moʻolelo Tatars e kū'ē i ka Tatars, ma ka huli, i alakaʻi ai i nā Bashkirs.

Ka nui hopena ma luna o ka moʻomeheu o na kanaka i kekahi Lūkini i mea mua i loko o ka XVII kenekulia, nui maluna i loko o ka huina. Ano, i ka hula a me ka lole Aloha Hawaii e kākoʻo i ka nāwaliwali. Ma kekahi, e e ike laʻelaʻe 'ia ma ka hoʻomana, eia nae na mea he nui christianised. pinepine Vernacular hoʻohana like me ka lua, e like me ka mea mua - Lūkini.