Seamyʻaoʻao o ke ola, a me ka mea mau i ka lumpen

Like mākou hoomanao mai ke kula mōʻaukala, ka makahiki lumpenproletariat dala Marx, pela hōʻike kona haʻahaʻa, ahu iho. I unuhi 'ia mai ka German hua'ōlelo' o ia hoʻi "lole popopo".

Ke kiʻekiʻe, ka mea semantic maʻiʻo o kēia manaʻo i hoomaka, a ua lilo aku ia me ka lumpen a pau e noho iho ma luna o ka "lalo" o ka hui: haukae ana, hewa, nou, wahine a me nā kauwa.

Hōʻuluʻulu i ka ike wehewehena, ua hiki ke olelo aku i ka hua'ōlelo lumpen i kēia manawa 'amelika papa o ka poʻe nele o ko lākou pilikino waiwai a me ka ōlaʻi hana, hoopakela aku e noho i loko o kēia mau' ole 'ē aʻe nohona pomaikai.

Arts a me Fashion

Ma kēia 'ōlelo, nā hana hiki ke waiho loihi ana i ka wa opiopio maʻa, i kēia manaʻo a hiki hou hoʻonui. Ano, i ka wā i olelo walewale ana i ka olelo lumpen, hiki ke hoomaopopo kona manaʻo i loko o ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ekolu aoao:

• kanaka, mai ka lalo papa (noho kulana, alcoholics, lāʻau addicts);

• kanaka mawaho o ka poe (marginal);

• unscrupulous ke kanaka,ʻaʻole ma ka like ana me na kūmau o ka lehulehu pono (scum).

Pela, e ka lumpen hiki ke kapaia he 'elele o kekahi papa ke kaiāulu ina kana hana e pono i loko o kekahi o ekolu waeʻano. Eia, no ka laʻana, he hopuna'ōlelo mai ka Media, "ulu a multiplies lumpen kanaka", "ʻo ia, I - ka lumpen-imi naʻauao" a me "papa o keia rula ana i loko o Rusia - ka lumpen-bureaucracy".

ʻO wai ka mea lumpen proletariat: ka aa o ke akeakamai o ke ola

Moʻolelo i hōʻike 'ia lumpen ike mua ia i loko o ka wā kahiko, a ua haawi ala a hiki i keia papa o ke kauwawahine moku'āina. I kahiko Roman hui, i ka nānā 'ana i ka hoʻokele waiwai' ana ma o ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka hana i na kauwa, a me ka meaʻuʻuku landowners, paʻi a paʻi me ka nui aina, koke i hōkaiʻia. Ua haawi ala i ka nui Polenekia o ka mahiʻai i lilo i ko lakou aina i ke kulanakauhale.

Nominally ka mea, i nā mea a pau na kuleana i na makaainana o ka Roma moku'āina: e komo i loko o ke koho ana, i ke kuleana e koho ma ka kūlanakauhale hālāwai. Naʻe, ka mea, i ole i kekahi waiwai, a me ka hana - kekahi, hahau ia lakou e malama i ko lakou ola ma muli o ke "kuai" kā lākou mau balota ma kākoʻo o ka waiwai nā mea mālama mai, a hoʻolako 'ē aʻe nīnūnē lawelawe.

Ke Roma aupuni hoʻoholo i ka hoʻolako 'ana i kālā kōkua i kēia kanaka i loko o ka palapala o ke kaumaha palaoa ana (ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka kg no ka lā), i loaa ia lakou ma kūikawā kahua kaua.

Ma Rome wale lumpenproletariat i ka hoʻomaka o ke Ka Wā Kaukani mua ma laila ma kahi o 300 tausani lakou. Hoomaka ae la oia e lawe i kaʻeleu loa i loko o nā mea a pau i ke kūlana politika a me nā koa kēia ho'āla kaua. 'Aʻole i ka kona mau manao pono, ua makaukau, e malama aku ai i kekahi mau kanaka - wale, e hoolako i ko lakou iho i ka ai a me ka noho uncomplicated lealea.

Pihapiha - "palena kiai" ke kaiāulu kanaka,

Ua pono, mea e pili ana i na marginals? I unuhi 'ia mai he Roma, ka mea,' o ia hoʻi "mokuna" a pili ia i kekahi kanaka i mamao loa ia iho mai o kona nohona hui, akā, ua i hiki ke hoʻononiakahi i loko o kekahi 'ē aʻe. Ka helu o marginal, piʻi pū me ka nui loa ia ma laila, uaʻoi aku kokololio loli i loko o ka nohona mea o ka mihi, kipi, etc.

I Rusia, hoʻomaka kēia kaʻina hana a me ka noho alii ana o Alexander II, a me ka hana mau ana o Witte a me Stolypin. Ma ka hoʻomaka o ka iwakalua kenekulia, ko kakou aupuni i mua i he nui stratum o aea o kela aku.

Mark ma Lūkini moʻokalaleo

Anao? Aou marginal a lumpen lākou kūikawāʻike manaʻo, he maopopo imprinted i loko o mākou panina moʻokalaleo, e like me Maxim Gorky, ka mea i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka mea i ka lumpen. I ka hula "Ka Lower hohonu", ho'ākoakoa aʻela ia i 'elele o nā mea a pau nohona strata: Baron - o ke aliʻi, Mea Keaka - mai Artists, pāhoehoe - o ka oaoieei-intelligentsia, Bubnov - mai ka waena papa, Luca - mai kauwa, a tick - mai proletarians.

Akā,ʻaʻole i hiki ke wahi i ka marginal lumpen. He nui iho la ia e kū'ē'ē 'ia me ka palapala koho o kona hua'ōlelo, e noho ana ma ka nānā aku i ka ia nohona halepule a. "? E ola pono ma Rusia" Penei, ma Nekrasov ka poem, I mea, e ola ino a pau - mai kahuna i lackeys.

Inā mai keia wahi, e noonoo i na koa o "ke kamako iki kīhāpai" ma Chekhov, ka mea a pau e haule pu iho ma lalo o ka mana o marginal: na konohiki, a weliweli me puʻe, e kuai i ka aina; kauwa, a uhai mai; waiter, nōʻike piʻi ka abolition o serfdom; haumāna dropout, eia aʻe o ke kipi.

Gorky ua he manaʻoʻike kiʻi o ka 'elele o kekahiʻano o ka marginality - ke kanaka i rebelliously "uhai mai" (kākau moʻolelo o ka ho'ākāka' ana) o kona papa 'ia,ʻaʻole loa e lawe kona cia, a ma ka mea ia manawa, ae noke ana i ana lawe mai lākou i ka' oihana hana ( "Egor Bulychev, a kekahi ").

Savva Morozov - i ka palena pau o ke keena mehameha

I ka moolelo o ka kaʻao industrialist Savva Morozov hala loa i loko o ka uhane o Gorky Bulycheva: ka mea, ua, like manaoia, exploited kā lākou mau hana, a me ke dala i lilo ma ka kākoʻo o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni anarchist pūʻulu, i ka eli ana ia ia iho i ka puka. Akā, ka mea no hoi metsenatstvoval.

Oia ke ola hiki ole pau tragically - hiki ole ke ku i ka maloko discord, oia Mahope pana aku la ia ia iho.

Lumpen a marginalized: oko

Ma puke wehewehe ia memo i lumpen a me ka marginal - keia mea he na ano o ke kanaka, ka poe i lilo mai hoopa aku i ko lakou nohona 'ia, ua lilo kaiapili poʻe i kipakuʻia. Akā, ka mea i ka likeʻole ma waena o lākou?

Mea näna i ke lumpen. Ma ka ho'ākāka 'ana, i kēia mau mea ka poe i lilo i ko lakou pili ole wale me kona nohona hui, akā, i lilo lākou mau kumu o ka hoʻolimalima i ka poʻe e ola ana, aole kumu o ka makahiki kona kanaka. Pihapiha mea mau ma ke kihi: lākou hooauheeia, a ua pili i ka kekahi - ia,ʻaʻole i loaʻa. Pela no ka mea, hiki ke hui ma waena o nā pili hiʻona o ka subculture.

Ma nā hua'ōlelo, nā lumpen i ole paʻa hana a me ka noho ma luna o ōlaʻi hana, ka nohona pomaikai, a uhai i ke kānāwai. Poʻe i kipakuʻia - kanaka i loko o ka palena moku'āina, hikiʻole i ke hakuloli i ka huli aku o ka lanakila.

Ua huli mai i ka lumpen a marginalized - ka mea, he mau hookaawale pūʻulu o kēia lehulehu. Marginality - ua aho dissidence hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o ke kanaka, ua lilo ma ka honua e pili ole like me kona mau' upu '.

Ma ka kekahi lima, ma ka lumpen - he pūʻulu o kanaka me kekahi hui pu nohona aʻe,ʻaʻole i ka ho okumu ia ana o nā loina, he parasite ma ke kino o ke kaiāulu.

Marginal -ʻaʻole malimali loa hōʻikeʻano. Kapa lumpen, ka mea, 'o ia hoʻi i ka hewa.