Shogun - He aha ka keia? Papa shoguns ma Japan

Japanese noho maikai ana ua manaoia e e kulana kamaliʻi. I loko nō o ka mea i na Kepani mokupuni hoomaka ae la e noho hou ma mua o kekahi tausani makahiki aku nei, e lawe ana kanaka a pau i loko o ka conglomeration o ka ohana ka mea, hiki wale nō i loko o ka lua o ka kenekulia BC. Semblance o statehood wale nō i hele mai nei i loko o ke kolu o ke kenekulia AD, i ka wa o ka hui ana o ka ohana Yamato ua hiki ke hoolilo i ke koena o ka lāhui kanaka, a me ka ia i ka nui loa. I nā mana Yamato poʻe lilo e like me ka ke alii i ka, a me kā lākou mau luna i kapa ia lakou iho i Emperor ( "Tenno"). Kekahi manawa "Shogun" (e aho, aliʻi - High luna), i hele mai i loko o hoʻohana kenekulia hope.

Ke kahiko kêia kanaka o ka samurai

In Japan, ma 6-7 kenekulia ka bulk o ka heluna kanaka i poe e kauwa, he mau no hoi poʻe kauwā, a kaiʻewaʻewa kanaka o Iapana hui, pinepine oia hoi o Pākē a me ka Koreans. Na kauwa a pau malalo iho o ke kulana kino kilakila auhau i loko o ka palapala o ka huina hoonui a me ka dala ua haehae, i kuhikuhi ai i ka hana ana a me ka maoli i pili i ka aina. E hakakāʻana i ka feudal kua'āina kue i hana mau kime maika no pela i hoomakaukauia ka poe koa - samurai, a me ka hoʻomalu mana i loko o ke aupuni no i ke aliʻi, i ka hapanui no i ka ia genus me ka mea Kiekie aliʻi.

Ka mua shogunate i loko o ka moʻolelo o Japan

Japanese shoguns kauoha akuʻikeʻia i loko o ka 11th kenekulia AD. Ma ka mokuna o Japan hoomaka ae la e lilo i kekahi pūʻulu o koa feudal haku, i waena o a nō ka Taira a me Minamoto. Ka mea, unleashed he kivila kaua 1180-1185 GG., Kaua ma a i wahi a pau ma luna o ka mokupuni o Honshu. Ma na aoao elua o ke alo, he mau haneri o na tausani o ka oihana koa pūʻulu, pepehi civilians, hōkaiʻia monasteries. Ke uwa maila i ka Minamoto poʻe, nona ka 'elele, Yoritomo, i hookoia ma ka 1192 ka inoa o "Seyi Tay Shogun" - ". Alii, naʻi aupuni kanaka ei" a' o ia hoʻi No laila, i loko o ikea ka mōʻaukala o Japan shogunate.

Ua mea noteworthy i ke kaua kūloko ma Iapana i ia manawa maoli lanakila ole Yoritomo, a me kona kaikaina - Yoshitsune, a ma ka pili ana i ka hana kupua aliʻi i kipaku mai i ka pā kaua. E like me ia i kekahi mau kaao, holo Yoshitsune mai Iapana a hiki i ka pelapela, kahi ia i ka inoa "Genghis Khan", ma ka 'ē aʻe - hana he pepehi anaʻia iā iho. I hoihoi 'kaʻao e pili ana i ka make ana o Yoritomo ma hope o ka haule ana mai o ka lio iloko ku pono ana i ka mea i ka lio kūkulu mai, ike aku la ia i kaʻuhane o Yoshitsune.

Ka manawa i hele mai, mai China

Inā ka Japanese noi: "E wehewehe i ka hua'ōlelo" Shogun "," taysegun, "a pela aku ...", nā pane hiki e hala loa e lauwili. Ka mea i ka manaʻo hele i Japan mai Kina, kahi ia i māhele i loko o ka palapala o ka "malū Shogun", i hiki ke unuhi 'ia me "ka luna o ka laau nui." Wahi a ke kaʻao, he koʻikoʻi Chinese koa luna koa Hyo-au ua ai haahaa i ka wā e pili ana i kona lanakila olelo akea, holo aku la ia ma lalo o ka laau nui,ʻaʻole e hoolohe i ka hoolea aku i loko o kona helu wahi.

Ma ka moʻolelo o Japanese hua'ōlelo "Shogun" me ka kela mea pākuʻi i oleloia ma 7-8 kenekulia o ko mākou'āina, a me:

• fukusegun - "Hope luna koa";
• taysegun - "nui mau" (mau hooluolu pou nā moku halihali mokulele i maheleia i kiekie ae, a malalo ma ka papa);
• tinteki shogun - he oihana koa alakaʻi e naʻi i ka poe kanaka ei o ke West;
• pono Shogun - i ka uwa o na kanaka ei o ka hikina;
• tindzyu Shogun - i ka luna-conciliator.

Ka inoa o ka mua, e hoi aku e

I ia mau lā, i ka lawe ana o keia inoa i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā aliʻi o nā luna aupuni, ka poe i poai puni i ka poe koa a me ka hapa paha, a me kaʻelele. Ka inoa i haawiia i ka oihana koa kai eʻe, a laila, hoʻi maila ia i ka Auguseto. Ka hana pili kahiko o "he lālā"ʻana i hoʻolaha hooponopono ma keia kumuhana (edict) a me ka hōʻike o ka pahi kaua i loko o kahi hookolokolo, o ka imperial hale alii. Hope, ke kaʻina hana ua iki Hoʻololi '. No ka laʻana, no ka poʻeʻelemākule lunamakaainana ole e ae i loko o ka hale i loko o Kyoto i ka hoolohe, a me ka 14-19 kenekulia edict lawe shogun "ma luna o ka hale". He piha ia ma ka pane pahu mai ma lalo o ka Edict o gula ke one, alakai aku la ia hoʻi i ka imperialʻelele, a ae mai la e hahai i kekahi "huali hoʻohālike" ka luna o Yoritomo Minamoto.

Shogun ua hiki ke lilo i ka makahiki-kahiko keiki

Shoguns noho aliʻi ma Japan ana mai ka 1192 a hiki i ka MeijiʻOiʻenehana. I loko o kēia wā, ke kiekie koa haliiaʻe i kona mana ma ka'āina hoʻoili a me ka hui luna aupuni pou, oiai o ka mana o ka Auguseto ua oi aku ceremoniously-par. By Minamoto Yoritomo make, mana hala i nā kuhina nui i kana keiki i ka - ka Hojo hanauna.

Ma hope iho o ka cessation o ka genus Minamoto patrilineal Japanese shoguns, paha ka mea wale nō manawa i ka mōʻaukala, komo pū i loko o lākou ka helu o ke keiki o ka poʻe Fujiwara, ka mea i hoonohoia ma ka lani kiekie loa lehulehu oihana i ka manawa i ka makahiki o ka elua makahiki.

Kamakursky shogunate lawe Japan ka lahui hae

Ka mua shogunate ma Japan i like kona kapikala i ke kulanakauhale o Kamakura, no laila, i kapaʻia Kamakurskim shogunate. Kēia mōʻaukala wā i wehewehe aku e kivila me ka paio, a me ka dominance o na hoa o ka samurai - "servicemen kanaka" nana i i ka oihana koa-feudal papa haʻahaʻa kaukaualiʻi, hoomalu a me ka hookauwa aku i ko lakou "daimyo." I ka Ia manawa Japan aie i ka piʻiʻana o maoli koa e hoʻokele i repel elua Mongol kaua (1281 a me ka 1274 makahiki), a loaʻa i ka aupuni hae, a, e like me ke kaʻao, i haawi aku ai i ka shogunate Buddhist - Heihei Hoewaʻa o Nichiren.

feudal mokuahana

Minamoto Yoritomo, Shogun (Hawaii photo pena depicting ia aku ma luna), i ke kaua i loko o kēlā'āina i'ōleloʻia ai koa kiaaina, a ma manawa i loaa nui koa ikaika, a i kia ma ka lima o na allotments ma hope. I ka Ia manawa, Japan ua hookupaaia maikaʻi kalepa ana me Kina a me Korea, a alakai ai i ka enrichment o ka feudal haku i loko o ka hema-hikina.

Ia keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ole makemake feudal haku i loko o ka uku o Kamakura, e alakai ana i kāna hana e lawelawe, a me ka hoolilo ana o ka mana a hiki i ka Ashikaga hanauna. Me ka Poeikohoia o ka hope hoʻoneʻe mai ka Kamakura i luku ai i loko o Kyoto, kokoke i ka imperial Palace, ma kana a keu aku nō i ke kālā ma luna o ke ń a me ka hanohano o ke kahua alii ko lakou. State oihana e pili ana i loko o ka moku'āina o ka malama ole i alakai aku ai i ka intensification o koa Kiaaina ma na wahi e ae o ka aina, a me ka hou pae o ke kaua kūloko.

Shoguns aliʻi ma Iapana i ka 1478 - 1577 makahiki, hou pu ma koa pāonioni paʻa ma waena o aneane i nā'āina a pau, e alakai i ka aupuni a pau a hiki i ka lihi o ka'opi i loko o ka hapalua like-16th kenekulia. Akā, ua he "daimyo" - 'elele o ka waiwai iwaena o ka samurai (Nobunaga), ka poe i hoopioia i ka waena konu o ka aina a me ke kapikala o Kyoto, luku aku i ka nui feudal haku, a hā nai i loko o kona kahua loea mau - Toyotomi Hideyoshi.

Shogun ua hiki ke lilo i kanaka

Kēia Malia paha akā, enterprising a me ka akamai hele mai ana, mai ka kua'āina ohana ma hope o pau i ka make ana o Nobunaga poʻe 'elele unification o Japan (ma 1588). Penei, o ka 'elele nonaristocratic papa maoli loaa ka inoa o "Shogun." Ma mua kilohi, ka mea blurs na palena ma waena o ka papa, akā,ʻo ia Hideyoshi ka edict hookupaa iho la ia i ka pomaikai o ka samurai, a i paipai aʻo kai eʻe ia no ka wehe 'ana o nā mea kaua (pahi kaua) i ka peasantry.

Mahope Japanese shoguns, akā, mai ka Tokugawa hanauna alii Japan no aneane he hapaha o ka Ka Wā Kaukani. Ka mea i Hideyoshi haawiia ma ka mana i kana keiki, ka mea i ka nīnūnē, a noho ia malalo iho i ka mana. Iki iho, mai waena o nā kahu ku Tokugawa Ieyasu, i eliminated i ka mana o ka mea kupono hooilina, a hoomaka ae la e noho alii ma ke kohoʻana i ka kapikala o kēia Tokyo.

Initially, ka samurai i ka waiwai

Ma ka noho aliʻi o ka hale Tokugawa ua Hoʻoponopono nenoaiie o ka hoʻokele o ka aina - ka Auguseto nele o ka mana, komo aku la i ke kulanakauhale aha hookolokolo o na lunakahiko, ke kaiāulu kanaka, ua maheleia i papa. Hoʻohaku wahi ua noho ia e na koa - ka samurai. A hooku iho mahiʻai, artisans, kalepa, roving hula, pariah a me ka poe ilihune, i ka poe i anao? Aou i ke kaʻawale papa. Ma ka noho aliʻi o ka Tokugawa samurai poe i ka waiwai o ka hui, i mea he hapaumi o ka heluna kanaka, a uaʻoluʻolu ka pomaikai o na mea he nui. Akā, laila, i ka helu o ke koa hoao hoʻokali kūpono ', a me kekahi samurai lilo i ninja, ronin (hoʻolimalima kai), oiai kekahi poe ua hoʻoneʻe e tradespeople paha e aʻo koa pāʻoihana a me ke akeakamai o "Bushido" hoomaka - Code o ka Samurai. Rioters hookahi Ronin i uhi aupuni koa.

Ke kumu no ka hoʻopau o ka shogunate? Eia

No ke aha la iho la i loko o naniʻole, ma lalo o ka hooponopono ana? Eia o ka Shogun? Reviews moʻolelo paipai i ke aupuni ma muli o ia ka ulu o ke kuai ana iʻikeʻia ka papa o ka mea haʻahaʻa o bourgeoisie, a ua ikaika uhi pū ma ka shogunate luna, a me ka ia, kena ae kue. Ma hoʻokiwikā, ahu iho originated ka pilina, a i imi i ka uhi, i pau, no ka mea, o kona makemake no Shinto kūkalaʻanaʻo Solomona o Japanese nānā 'ole o ka papa a me na mea e ae.

Ke aupuni Ua banned'ē aʻe ka hoʻomana (Karistiano), i kaupalena 'hui' ana me nā'āina, a alakai aku i kue, a, ultimately, a hiki i ka hoolilo ana o ka Tokugawa shogunate o ka moku'āina mana hoʻi i ka Auguseto i ka 1867. I kēia lā, "Shogun" ma Japan - o ka mōʻaukala kau, no ka mea, ua hoopau ia ka oihana oiai ka Meiji Hoʻihoʻi Ea, a i wahi i ka 1868 - 1889 makahiki.