Stepan Khalturin: Kawaihae, kiʻi. Kia i Stepan Nikolaevich Khalturin

Stepan Khalturin, he pōkole Kawaihae a e e hōʻike mai iā ia ma lalo, ua ikeia no ka komo i loko o ka Naita me ia i loko o ka Winter Palace i ka 1880. I hou,ʻo ia kekahi o nā alakaʻi o "North-Russian He hana i 'Union."

Stepan Khalturin: Kawaihae

I ka wā e hiki mai hoʻokahuli aupuni i hānau i loko o ke kūlanakauhale. Khalevinski i ka 1856, December 21, ke keiki a kekahi pomaikai mahiai. I ka 1871, Khalturin Stepan Nikolaevich puka 'o ia mai ka Apana kula i loko o Orel māhele' āina , Vyatka'āina a pau. I ka 1874, ua komo i ka Zemstvo kumu ka Kulanui 'o, akā, ma ka hope 1875 Ua kipaku no ka poe ilihune kālaiʻike hana.

mua 'oihana

I ka 1875, he mau e like-manao Stepan Khalturin makemake pu me, e hele aku i Amerika, ma laila e hana i kā lākou mau kamaʻilio. Eia naʻe, ma ke ala a hiki i Moscow, kona mau hoa aihue i kona palapala holo'āina'ē, a hele i waho ma Petersburg. Khalturin ho'āʻo e hopu mai me ia, akā, e hiki mai. Hiki ana ma St. Petersburg,ʻo ia i komo i loko o ka loa holoholona ano hana, e hanai ana ia lakou iho, a no ka loaa i ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka po. Ma ka Akuma ka o 1875 ka mea, ua hiki ke hookupaa hui 'ana me nā revolutionaries, ka populists, i waena o ka mea ua G. V. Plehanov. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, Stepan Khalturin halawai casually me Kotelnikov - kumu Zemsky kula. Hope koi aʻelaʻo ia St. Petersburg, a komo i loko o ka lola honua a papa hana. He kōkua Khalturin noho iho i loko o alahao nā hālāwai hoʻonaʻauao kamana. Hope Kotelnikov waiho ia i loko o ka kālai'āina koʻikoʻi a hanohano o St. Petersburg.

hoʻokahuli aupuni ha awina

Hui i ka lola honua pili aupuni neʻeʻana, Stepan Khalturin loaa koke hiʻona i waena o ka kaiapili lālā. Aia i hoike mai i kona tālena propaganda. He komo i loko o ke kahua o nā papa hana mua o ka hana i loko o Rusia. Ma hope, VG Korolenko ma memoirs (mai ka olelo a Aleksandra Pavlova) i Halturin "tearfully hookaumaha loa ia i kona mau ukali,ʻaʻole e hui i ka alanui o ka weliweli," i ka i ana i keia alanui o ole hoʻi. Ma ka hope hapaha o ka XIX kenekulia, he nui o capitalist hana i kia ma St. Petersburg. Ke kūlanakauhale hoʻomaka koke hoonuiia i ka helu o proletarian kanaka. Ke awa i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, komo iloko moʻokalaleo Lūkini emigre revolutionaries. Ma Kekemapa 1878 i ke kanawai, a me ka polokalamu "North-Russian He hana i 'Union" i aponoia. Honua Ua hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma ka Meia AE, D. Smirnov, S. I. Volkov, V. I. Savelev. Society hōʻuluʻuluʻia ma ka laina 15th o Vasilievsky Island, 20. A mahope iho o kekahi manawa, hoomaka ae la ka neʻeʻana e alakai Khalturin Stepan Nikolaevich a me Obnorsky Viktor Pavlovich. I ka 1879, me ka aponoia polokalamu a me nā'ōlelo kūpaʻa i paʻiʻia ma ka palapala o leaflets me ka slogan "No ka Lūkini poe hana!". It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka hui "Union" uaʻano archaic - ia i ua ole he aoao, akā, e aho, he hui pu malu. Aka hoi, i kona hoʻonaʻauao - he nuiʻanuʻu mua no ka propaganda Socialist i waena o nā hana.

Ke 'ole a me ka hui o ka hana

"Union" Ua hoomaka hikiwawe loa. Koke ka mea, hoomaka ae la e lilo na lala ma ka hana-papa apana o St. Petersburg. kākoʻo 'ia kēlā me kēia no ia ma ka hana kanaka i loko o ka "waena kaiapili". Loko o ka hui hoʻohana i ka 'ino ai waihona o kona iho, hana e hoaie a me makauliʻi kapa. 1880 lālā o ka "Union" ua hiki ke manao, a holo i loko o Feberuari i ka pai paʻi. He hoomaka ia e hoʻohana 'ia no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o leaflets. He pū paʻi i ka mua pukana o "hanakimi wanaʻao" (hoʻokahuli aupuni nupepa). Iki iho "o ka Union", aia no ua kokoke 200 kanaka. Ka mea, imi iho la e hana i kekahi nationwide hui, imi e alakai i ka hahau ana au i pili aupuni. Office hana ma Helsingfors a me Moscow. I ka 1880, ua paopaoʻia nā luna o ka neʻeʻana. O kona mau lala e hoʻokele i pakele.

Khalturin Stepan Nikolaevich: People hanaʻino i tsarism

Ma September 1879 i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni, hoʻohana hoʻopuni palapala, a noho i loko o ka Winter Palace, he kamana. Ua noho i loko o ka hale ilalo. Ma ka hoʻomaka o Feberuari o ka makahiki kēia mau mea, ua hiki ke neʻe i loko o ka lumi, kahi āna i noho ai, dynamite, ua hanaʻia i loko o clandestine keʻena hoʻokolohua. Guardroom Ua aia iluna pono o ka lumi kahi Stepan Khalturin noho. Poʻe hoʻoweliweli manaolana i ka ikaika o ka Naita me ia i ka lumi lumi, kahi o ka aina awakea i? Aaony e Alexander II, a me ka Haku o Hesse. Ua Ua aia ma ka lua o ka papahele, ma luna o ka guardroom. Naʻe, ke Aliʻi o ka huakaʻi ua lohi ma 30 minuke. Ka Naita me ia mai ai ka wā o ka Emperor hui i ka malihini i loko o ke kula ilāmuku o ka lumi, aku mai ka lumi lumi. Hawewe i luku i ke ano ma waena o ke kahua mua a me ka honua. Hauneneʻe palaoa guardhouse (laekahi №26ʻeleʻele, Hall). Ma waena o ka lua a me ka mua palaoa, ua palua kona mau hoaka o nā pōhaku lepo. Ka mea, ku e aku la i ka makani. E noho ana i loko o ka mezzanine i hana ino iki mai kanaka, akā, i ka hawewe i hoaka ae i ke kahua, a ua kuʻi mai aniani ma ka puka makani. Ma ka lumi lumi (160 la kaawale o ka leʻaleʻaʻeleʻele, i keia la) ma luna o ka pā pōhaku, hele mau māwae,. I ka hoʻohanuʻana pepehi 11 koa, ka poe lawe i ka lā i loko o ka hale aliʻi,, ku oia i 56 kanaka. I koena hora, hoʻowahāwahā lākou nā palapū a me ka eha, koe i loko o kā lākou mau pou. Ka mea, ua i conceded ko lakou mau nohoalii, a hiki ma hope o ka hiki ana mai o ka loli ana o ka Life kiai Preobrazhensky Regiment, i ole nae ia i ka loli o ka poe kiai corporal, kekahi eha i loko o ka Naita. A pau na poe koa i make ma ia lā, he na koa o ka Lūkini-Turkish kaua i pau ai nei. Watch kanuʻia i loko o kaʻaha lua kupapaʻu i loko o St. Petersburg ma ka Smolensk ilina. Hoalaala ia me ka māpala ma ka paena he kia hoʻomanaʻo i Ku I-Finns. I ka manao paa o ka Auguseto, i hōʻike mai iā ia a pau i ke dala uku, a me ka hoʻolilo 'ia' 'ē aʻe nā makana. Ohana o ka poe i make i unuhi i ka ia mea "ma ka moku i ka mau loa." I loko nō o ka anu, a me ka make māinoino o ka hou poʻe hoʻoweliweli kaua, ma Pepeluali 7, Alexander au i hele i ka hoʻolewa. Aha Administrative Komisina i hoʻokumuʻia ma hope o 5 mau lā - ka halawai moku'āina kino, e hakakā i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni aggression. Ma hope o ka Naita me ia i loko o ka Winter Palace, i hoouna aku ai i na kanaka Stepan Khalturin ma Moscow.

I ka pepehi ana o Ka Loio Hoʻopiʻi Strelnikov

I ka 1882, March 18, Stepan Khalturin, pu me NA ua nodular ma Odessa. Here ia i komo i loko o ke koko o ke Ka Loio Hoʻopiʻi. Nodules hanaia mai ke kino make eha Strelnikov me ka pū panapana liʻiliʻi, ua pana mai. Khalturin i, e lawe aku ia ia i ka hewa weliweli, hoʻonalonalo i like me ka coachman. Naʻe, ka mea, ua hikiʻole e pakele: ka mea, i e kali ana ma passers-e. Kii aku i ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana nā inoa, i hoao Khalturin a me Zhelvakov ma na kauoha o Alexander III, a kau unrecognized i ka 1882, ma ka 22 March.

ka hopena

Iloko o na makahiki o Soviet mana Halturin i helu i waena o ka loa koʻi kaua revolutionaries. Lenin olelo nui pono e pili ana ia ia, a me kana hana ana e pili ana lola honua a papa hana. I ka 1923, Kirov ua he kia hoʻomanaʻo Stepanu Halturinu. Eia hou, i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni sculptures lawe mai i loko o Orlov, p. Zaton (Kirov māhele 'āina.). Stepan Khalturin, a kapa aku la i ka moku.