Ola kino, Maʻi a me nā kūlana
Symptoms o ka polio i loko o nā keiki a me nā mākua
Polio - he huʻi mea hoʻomaʻi maʻiʻaʻai ia ia lŘlŘʻano nui ka heluna i ke oho mea o ka lolo, i kumu no ka hooulu ana o ka paresis a me ka lōlō. Symptoms o ka polio hiki ke 'akomi i loko o na keiki ma lalo o ka makahiki o 7 makahiki, akā, no ka pilikia o ka aoao hana ia, ma lalo o kekahi mau kumu, ua mālama' ia a me nā mākua.
A wahi moʻolelo
Polio ua wehewehe aku ma ka huʻi maʻiʻaʻai o ka spinal kaula a me ka lolo anei i kūpono ai i loko o ka ulu ana o ka paresis a me ka lōlō, bulbar kāna hana. Maʻi polio, symptoms o ka a i, ua ike pono no ka lōʻihi manawa, hoʻomano palahalaha ae ma ka XIX, e hoomaka ana mai o XX kenekulia. I loko o kēia wā, ka mea kākau i ka papakaukau laha ana o ka maʻiʻaʻai ma Amerika a meʻEulopa. Ua wehe Polio ma Vienna i ka makahiki 1908, E. a me K. Popper Landštejn, a ua hana A. a me J. Seybinom ola. Salk inactivated vaccines aeia e na makahiki 50 o ka hope ke kenekulia, e me ka nui loa emi i ka helu ana o na ia i nā hōʻailona i 'akomi i polio i loko o nā keiki.
Nokeʻano ma ke kaua e kū'ē i kēia maʻiʻaʻai mau maʻeleu immunization, pinepine symptoms o ka polio e waiho wale ana ma nekotoroyh aina - Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nigeria, India, Suria - oiai ma ka 1988 lākou helu i 125. ka helu ana o na hihia no keia manawa ua hoʻemi mai 350 000 hihia (o i 17,5 tausani make) i 406 hihia hōʻike 'ia ma 2013. WesternʻEulopa, Rusia a me North America i keia la o ka wahi noa ana o ka mai a me ka symptoms o ka polio i hōʻike 'aneʻi wale me sporadic hihia.
exciter
Polio - he mea hoʻomaʻi maʻi. Ke kumu o ka lilo poliovirus, i pili i na enteroviruses. Hoakaka ekolu mea hoʻomaʻiʻAno (I, II, III). No kanaka a me ka Keko pathogenic ano au a me III. II ke aloha ia kekahi rodents. RNA mea hoʻomaʻi kekahi, kona nui, he 12 HI. Ka pilina paʻa i loko o ka papa - i loko o ka wai, e hiki ke hūnāʻia i 100 lā i loko o ka waiū - 3 mahina, i 6 mahina - ka hoʻomanawanui secretions. ʻike mau Des. o ia hoʻi, ineffective, akā, me ka mea hoʻomaʻi ua hoʻomaka koke neutralized ma autoclaving, baila aʻela i, waiū i ultraviolet malamalama. I ka enaena i 50 ° C mea hoʻomaʻi make i loko o 30 minuke. I ka iho mailoko o i ka incubation au hiki ke 'akomi i loko o ke koko, i ka mua he 10 lā o ka maʻi - he pharyngeal swabs a loa kākaʻikahi - i loko o ka cerebrospinal loli.
Ka EYIʻano papa hana
Ke kumu o ka maʻiʻaʻai ma poliomyelitis hiki e like me ka maʻi ke kanaka, a me ka asymptomatic mea hoʻomaʻi lawe (i loko o kekahi mau hihia, o ka lawe hiki ke mālama i ekolu - elima mahina ma hope o ke ola). Ka mea hoʻomaʻi Ua hookuu ia i loko me ka faeces o ke ahonui a me ka nasopharyngeal mucus ke kaiapuni. No ka polio pili kēia alahele:
kui;
airborne;
fecal-ku una.
Ka loa e like me ka mea o ka EYI o ka fecal-ku una ha - mea hoʻomaʻi komo i ke kino ma ua hoʻohaumiaʻia lima, mau ipu, ka ai, ka wai. Kekahi pilikia o ka mucus hookuu mai ka nasopharynx nā mea maʻi i 2 lā o ka maʻi i loko o ka mua 2 pule.
Ke susceptibility o ka mea hoʻomaʻi mea 0.2-1%, ka hapanui o na hihia i na keiki ma lalo o 7 makahiki. Ka piko mea hiki wale mai ia lŘlŘ ma ke kauwela a me ka hina.
kamepiula kumumea
Makaʻu ka hoʻopukaʻana i ka laha o ka maʻiʻaʻai e nā:
ka nele o hygienicʻano o ke keiki;
heluna kanaka paʻapū;
ilihune hui hoʻomaʻemaʻe rula, me ke kue o ka hui hoʻomaʻemaʻe? eia i loko o nā kulanui;
pinepine maʻi (oi ma mua o 4 manawa o ka makahiki) o ke keiki;
immunodeficiency;
haahaa nui o ka vaccination.
Mea Maluna
Polio ua hoʻolaha e like me ke ano o ka ua'emi'ōnaehana:
nonparalytic palapala - 'ia me ka nui lesions o ka'emi'ōnaehana - meningeal, abortive (visceral) inapparatnaya (asymptomatic a me ka mea o ka mea hoʻomaʻi, i wale hiki ke nānā' ia e keʻena hoʻokolohua) shape;
lolo palapala.
I huli ai oe, o ka lolo palapala ua hoʻolaha ma ka wahi o ka lesion. kilakila:
spinal shape - wehewehe aku ma flaccid lōlō o ka lala, kumu, diaphragm,'ā'ī;
Pontina shape - yl i loaa mai me ka piha hapa lilo o ka lehalehu t olelo, sagging kihi o ka waha ma kaʻaoʻao o ka maka, lagophthalmos;
bulbar - Ua wehewehe aku eʻole ka olelo, moni 'ia, ha kāna hana, a cardiac aayoaeuiinoe;
Encephalitis - a me ka mea nui cerebral symptoms;
hui palapala - pontospinalnaya, myasthenia, bulbopontospinalnaya.
Adrift maopopo ma waena o mehana, lōpū, loa a me ka subclinical 'ano apau loa.
incubation au
Incubation manawa, i ka wa a ka mea mua symptoms ka mea,ʻaʻole i hoikeia polio, mau mai ka 2 a hiki i 35 mau lā. Loa pinepine, kona lōʻihi like 'ole o 10-12 lā, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka keiki ka kanaka ano o ka meaola. I keia manawa, ma ka puka e komo ai puka (ka mea, i pharynx a me ka digestive'āpana) ka mea hoʻomaʻi i loaʻa i loko o ka intestinal lymph aka wahi, kahi malaila o kona nā'ōlelo. Ma hope o ia, e komo i ke koko, a hoʻomaka i ke kahua o ka viremia manawa a ka maʻiʻaʻai hohola ma ke kino, a e loli ai i ka loa kūlana pauku o ia. Ma ka hihia o ke polio o ka mua pepeiaohao o ka spinal kaula a me ka myocardial keena.
Symptoms o meningeal palapala
Meningeal a abortive ano, he ano o ka ole-lolo polio. Ka mua hoailona o ka polio i na keiki me ka meningeal ano mau ikea pahi. Mahana no kekahi mau hola e pii ai a hiki i 38-39 °. Ulu ka symptoms ano o ka pono anu - cough, mucous a serous nasal hookuuia. I ka nana aku la au, mai ka puʻu, ua hoailono aku la hyperemia, tonsils a me ka palatal komo i e plaque. Ma ke kiekie o ka mahana hiki e nausea, ka luaʻi. A laila, i ka mahana kulu, a elua a ekolu lā, i ke keiki ka kulana i stabilized.
Ukali e hai kuni, a me nā symptoms o ka polio e oi okoa - malaila drowsiness, ka hilahila, lethargy, headache, ka luaʻi. Aia i meningeal symptoms: maikaʻi symptom kerning (e moe ana ma ke kua o ka hoʻomanawanui i alo aku wāwae ma ka iho a me ka Hip ke ami hoi i ka huina o 90 °, a me ka mea ma muli o ke Muscle hoʻopilikia i mea hiki ole e straighten i ke kuli),'ā'īʻoʻoleʻa nāʻiʻo (ka impossibility o ka moe ana ma luna o kona kua, e hiki i ka chin i ka pahu ).
abortive palapala
Symptoms o ka polio i na keiki me ka abortive palapala i hoʻomaka e hōʻike hoʻoponopono. Ku e kiʻekiʻe wela (37,5-38 °) malama malaise, lethargy, headache molowa. Aia ua uuku na catarrhalʻike manaʻo - cough, runny ihu, redness o ke kania-i e abdominal eha, a me ka luaʻi. A laila ka mea, e ulu catarrhal angina, enterocolitis paha gastroenteritis. I intestinal hoikeana maopopo abortive poliomyelitis. Symptoms o ka maʻi i loko o nā keiki, i loko o kēia hihia loa pinepine nō i loko o ka na hiohiona intestinal toxemia e like me ke 'ano o ka hī koko a cholera. Neurologic hoike ana mai o keia palapala o ke polio.
lolo polio
Keia ano o ka polio ia lŘlŘ nui kaumaha ano o ka mea ma luna a me ka meaʻoi aku lapaau. Ka mua neurological symptoms o ka polio hoʻomaka e hōʻike 4-10 mau lā ma hope o waiū i ka mea hoʻomaʻi, ma kekahi hihia, i kēia wā i e hoopomaikai io mai i ka 5 pule.
I ka hiki mua kūpono 'ana o ka maʻi ua kaʻawale.
Preparaliticheskaya. Wehewehe aku ma ka hoala ana i ka mahana i ka 38,5-39,5 °, headache, cough, runny ihu, diarrhea, nausea, ka luaʻi. 2-3 lā i ka maʻamau moku'āina, akā, laila, he hou e hoea i ka mahana, i ka 39 - 40 °. E kū'ē i kēia kāʻei kua, aia mea he ikaika headache a me ka Muscle eha, jerking o nāʻiʻo i e ike hiki a hiki visually, hoʻopōʻino ike paka i. Kēia manawa mau no 4-5 lā.
No ka lolo ke kahua wehewehe aku ma ka hooulu ana o ka lōlō. Ka mea, hoʻomōhala Emo ole, a hoʻohikiʻia i loko o ka wa e kaawale aku o ka hana ka neʻe 'ana. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka kinona o ka ulu lala lōlō (i hookuu i nā wāwae), kumu,'ā'ī, akā, i ka pā lonoaʻili ua IeAUPIIe, IAa IO i loli. Ka lōʻihi like 'ole o ka lolo ke kahua loli aʻe mai ka 1 a hiki i 2 pule.
Na ka ho'ēmiʻana mua i ka holomua Inc ua wehewehe aku ma ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka Muscle kuleana pili i lolo. Mua, i kēia kaʻina ia lŘlŘ loa hoʻomaka koke, akā, laila, ua ka meheu o ia i ka Tempo. Kēia manawa hiki mau mai kekahi i ekolu makahiki.
I ka anu u koenaʻike manaʻo loli nāʻiʻo atrophy, e hana contractures a hoʻomohala likeʻole deformations o ke kumu a me kaʻaoʻao, e no laila, maopopo loa me polio symptoms i loko o nā keiki. Photos hōʻike ma kēia hōʻike kahaki keia anu u mea'ākeʻakeʻa.
spinal palapala
(O ka mehana i 40 ° a, ma ka Akä naÿe i nā pepa mau) Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma ka huʻi hookahi. Child lethargic, adynamic, waiʻona, akā, he mea hiki a me ka hyperexcitability (e like me ka rula, na symptoms ua nui nō i loko o nā kamaliʻi loa opiopio), convulsions. Aia i noho'na makaainana i ulu kaʻeha ma ka laloʻaoʻao, ka wā hoʻololi kulana o ke kino, eha ma ka hope a me ka'ā'ī nāʻiʻo ino. Ma keia hookolokolo ana, hoike mai symptoms o bronchitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis. Aia i cerebral symptoms, hypersensitivity (mahuahua naoh i keʻano o nā pathogens). Ma ke kaomi 'ana ma o ka spine, a ma kahi o ka wānana ia lŘlŘ nā aʻalolo nui ilpko o pahi eha.
Ma 2-4 lā, mai ka hoomaka ana mai o ka maʻi ana lōlō. I ka polio, ka mea, i na kēia mau hiʻona:
asymmetry - i ka pio ana o ala ma ke 'ano o ka lima hema - akau wawae;
mosaic - ua i loli lala nāʻiʻo;
hoemi ole ma kahi'ē tendon reflexes;
emi ma ka Muscle leo i ka atony, akā, i ka pā lonoaʻili ua i hihia hoʻi.
Ka hoʻohuli ai i nā lala kona maka, cyanotic, anu i ka hoʻopā. Pain maʻi pale hiki aku ai i ka mea i ke keiki i ka poe ikaika no lakou kulana, a, ma ka huli, i ke kumu o ka wanaʻao contractures.
Loaa o Hawaii oihana hoʻomaka me 2 pule o ka maʻi, akā, i kēia kaʻina mau loa a me ka haoʻa. Kāheaʻia lesions'aʻaʻa trophism, stunting lala, ami deformity, atrophy o ka iwi'aʻaʻa. Maʻi mau 2-3 makahiki.
bulbar palapala
laryngeal lōlō - he 'aʻe' ana o moni 'ia a me ka phonation;
naehana kāna hana;
ana kāna hana o ka'ōnohi a - a papamoe nystagmus rotarny.
Ka maʻi hiki ke huikau ma ka pneumonia, atelectasis, myocarditis. Ua mea no hoi e hiki i ka hooulu ana o gastrointestinal kahe ana ke koko, intestinal iaʻi.
Pontin palapala
Pontina palapala ia lŘlŘ ma muli o ke polio mea hoʻomaʻi lehalehu t lesion, hookuuia, a me kekahi manawa nä olonä o trigeminal (V, VI, VII, hui o ka cranial nā aʻalolo). Ua hiki aku i ka lōlō o na nāʻiʻo kuleana no ka lehalehu t, ka 'aoʻao, a ma kekahi hihia, a me ka masticatory nāʻiʻo. Clinically ka mea, ua hoikeia ma ka asymmetry o ka lehalehu t nāʻiʻo, smoothing nasolabial opi, nele o papamoe, wrinkles ma ka lae, ptosis (palupalu) o ka huina o ka waha a me ke kenekulia, kona kāpili panina. Symptoms lilo hou'ē aʻe ka wā e ho'āʻo e maliu oluolu mai la, pani i kou mau maka, a me inflate i ka papalina.
lapaʻau
I Kekahi Mau lapaʻau no ka polio ole. I ka wa ana i kaʻike, o ka hoʻomanawanui ua hoʻokomo i ka haukapila maʻiʻaʻai, kahi e 'oi aku ke kino a me ka noʻonoʻo' koena. Ma preparalitichesky a me ka lolo manawa hoʻohana analgesic a me diuretics, e like me nāʻikepili haawiia Anati-hoʻoʻino ai ', a me corticosteroids. I ka moni 'ia papa kāna hana - Tube, e ai ana, i ka' aʻe o ka hanu - ka ventilator. Ke loaa manawa i hoikeia mai me ka Inc, lomilomi, physiotherapy, nā wikamina a me nootropics, sanatorium lapaau.
Kāohi
Polio nei kekahi o ia mau maʻi i nā pono o ka pale ma mua o ka daimonio. Ua hiki ke hana ma ka mea o ka vaccination. Ma Rusia, a pau nā pēpē i hana i kēia laʻau koʻokoʻo. Vaccination ua lawe mai i loko o kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao - i loko o 3 a me ka 4.5 malama kamaiki vaccinated me ka inactivated laʻau koʻokoʻo. Ma 6, 18, 20 mahina, i ke kaʻina hana ua hai hoʻohana 'ana i ka noho laʻau koʻokoʻo. Hope vaccination ua lawe mai i loko o 14 makahiki. A mai e hala ia, no ka mea, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i ka mea, ua manaoio ia polio mea pilikia wale no na keiki, keia mea,ʻaʻole pēlā, e like me ia ma ka hihia o ke polio maʻi symptoms i loko o nā mākua, ua nui hai a me ka weliweli.
Ma nä maʻi Kāohi mea nui i hehee ai o ka 'āwīwī ahonui hoʻokaʻawale, quarantine a me ka hooponopono no 3 pule no ka papa pae, kaʻaeʻana me nā kino kou niho.
Pela, ua manao mākou i loko o lawa au mamuli mea symptoms o ka polio ma laila, a me ka mea e hana i ka pale aku i kēia maʻi.
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