Trophic ilikai - he hehee ai o ka meaʻai kaula

Këia biotic 'ole o like me kona pono, ua i kekahi' epekema mea a pau o ka meaola i loko o ia i hoalaala ia i loko o ka meaʻai kaulahao. A me kēia mau kaulahao ma kela a me keia o kēia mau kaiaola hiki ke Hahai I hoʻi nui. E like me ia i ka waiwai i mea i ke kumu o ka ikehu, e like me ka hanaʻana i nā puke Pńk'pika mai kekahi meaola i kekahi. I mea kekahi meaola ai kekahi, a me ka ia i loko o huli i pau ai ke kolu. Eia ka he mea mamuli o ia i ke kaulahao: mauu - bipi wahine - kanaka.

A ua kākaʻikahi kaʻawale a pau o kēia mau kaulahao mai kēlā me kēia 'ē aʻe - ka mea, e pau' amelika i loko o hoʻokahi meaʻai pūnaewele. 'Ana ma loko o kēia mea ulana pukapuka mea he luna'. No ka laʻana, herbivores ai mea kanu o kekahi mau? Ueo. A me Moana no hoi i picky loa i koho ai i kā lākouʻai. Akā, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i mau ai pūnāwelewele mea nui a me ka mea e pau loa ai like - ka mea, hiki e pono i loko o ka hoʻokahi noaia. A me keia noaia nana e like keia: uliuli kanu - ka iniiaiie nā mea kūʻai mai - kiʻekiʻe nā mea kūʻai mai - tertiary consuments - propagator. A me ka propagator mea mau ma ka pau ana o ka ai kaulahao , a no nā mea kūʻai mai ma laila i e kekahi mau. A pau kēia mau huahelu i kapaia trophic pae.

Ia mea, mai ka 'epekema wahi o Hawaii, ka trophic' ilikai - o ka pau 'ia paha o ka meaola i lilo ai i loko o ka meaʻai pūnaewele i kekahi wahi. A me ka maʻamau kaiaola e hiki ke helu i hou aku 3-4 o kēia mau pae. Ka mua trophic ilikai - keia meaʻoiaʻiʻo i ka mea kanu. No ka mea, a pau hoʻomaka i ka ai kaulahao. Ka lua o ka trophicʻilikai ua noho ma ka phytophagous, i mea herbivorous. Ua consuments mua o ka papa, aʻai wale flora.

Ke kolu o trophicʻilikai ua nohoʻia e nā mea kūʻai mai o 2nd mea. Ka mea, he poe Moana iʻai wale herbivores. Eia kekahi, aole paha e euryphages, i mea omnivorous. Ka mea, hiki like ke mana mea kanu, a me ka holoholona i ka ai. O nā puaʻa,ʻalopeke,ʻiole, cockroaches a me ka mea e like. Man Ua inherently hoi he euryphages. ma keia pae hiki no hoi e consuments a me kolu o ka mea - i Moana i hānai carnivores wale.

A me ka mea hope trophicʻilikai ua ana ku ma decomposers, oa heterotrophic meaola. Ka mea, luku, mineralizing a destructuring nā kaiaola neoneo. lākou mau "hana" ma hope o loaa ka poe noonoo ole mea pōhaku i huiʻia. A decomposers ma ka huli e māheleʻia i loko o nā papa. Kēia detritus - holoholona i ka mea, ma kahi e hanaiia me ke aloha residues a me ka make meaola. O nā manu, manu,'īlio, hyenas, earthworms a me nā "e huli ana".

Nō hoʻi i kapa i ka decomposers a me destructors. Ka mea, i kona make koke ana decomposed "ke aloha" ma'okanikaʻole i huiʻia. Aloha kau, e kākoʻo i ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka decomposition a me ka putrefaction. Mau nā koʻohune a me fungi. A pau kēia mau trophic kaula hao i hoonohonoho ai i nā hoʻohua, nā mea kūʻai mai a me decomposers ma ia launa pū 'mai iā ia. Lakou malama ana i ka pono a me ka 'ole o ka biocenosis, coordinating me ka mea a me ka ikehu a pele. Kēia ka poʻea pau i ka rula o ke kaiapuni.

Graphically hiki ke poe i ka trophic? Aneeo'ōnaehana 'ole me ka pyramid ikehu kahe. Kona kumu i nā hoʻohua a me 1st trophicʻilikai. Akā, a pau mahope pae i ka palaoa, a me ka luna o ka pyramid. A i loko o kēlā o kēia mau pae o ka pele o ka ikehu. Ka ikaika e hele mai kekahi 'ilikai, ikehu ka manaʻo kōkua no ka mea e hiki mai ana. A me ke kumu nui no ia he uuku nui o trophic pae ma kela a me keia ke kaiaola mea i ka nui loa o ka ikaika iloko o ia mahele ma ua nalowale. Aia He He rula 10%, a e like me ka mea mea wale nō i ka huina o ka pono keia mau mea ikehu ua hoololiia a hiki i ka aʻe kiʻekiʻe. A me ka 10% - o ka i kā mākou huahelu. Ma kekahi me kona pono, e like me ka hoʻokōʻana Ua like wale kekahi pakeneka i.