Tundra aniau ma Rusia, a North America

Ka poepoe honua Ua nui loa, a me ka papa, kona climatic aku ana oko nunui. Kēia ololi i He nui hopena ma luna o flora a? Aaoa, alalai mai i a kōkua ai i nā ke ola i loko o ka māhele 'āina. No laila, tundra aniau - kekahi o ka loa ka wī a me ka paʻakikī-i-ola.

Ke Leeuwerikplein wahi o ka tundra

In North America tundra ciia? Aniiei? Ma ka mokuna o ka mamao ma ka akau o ka Hawaiian hapa o ka'āinapuniʻole. Ua ninoaaeyao ka hapanui o ka aina o Greenland a me ka Hale pae'āina, a kŰlń ao i ka 60th ia laua. Ua ua kena ae la ia e ke anu hanu o ka Arctic Ocean.

Ke Lūkini tundra mea ma kahi o 15% o ka holoʻokoʻa ?? eoi? O ka moku'āina. Ua hiki ma ka mokuna o ka Arctic Ocean he kŘpa a wahi paiki loloa. Eia naʻe, ma kekahi mau wahi, e lawe ma luna o ka nui ?? eoi? Ee. Mau wahi nā ka mokupuni Taimyr, Chukotka. I loko nō o ka aina waonahele a me ka wi o ka mea kanu, ka tundra ola likeʻole laʻelaʻe 'ia o? Aaoa.

Zonal māhele o Tundra

Ma lalo o ka inoa "Tundra" huna eha okoa subzones. O ke kumu ho i kekahi'āina, wahi o ka cii a me ke koke a remoteness o ka moana a me mauna. tundra aniau i loko o kēlā me kēia halepaahao loli aʻe. Aia o ke kēia conditional mahele:

• Artic waonahele;
• typical tundra;
• tundra;
• mauna tundra.

I loko nō o ka mea i ke aniau o ka tundra a me ka ululāʻau tundra softer hoʻohālikelike i ka Arctic waonahele, ia mea kaumaha loa ia i ka aina i ka poe ilihune loa flora a? Aaoa.

Artic waonahele no hoi ia

? Aie? Artic waonahele ua ke aupuni 'o North America, a mai ka loa loa climatic ana. Ma Rusia, keia subzone hakuʻole. Summer mau wale i kekahi mau pule. Winter mau oi aku i na malama eono. I ka hooilo, ka la a aneane hele mai ma luna o ka moana lipolipo. Wind ihoiho makani pāhili max.

Winter mahana pinepine haule e -60? C. Kaʻawelike i ka pōkole kau, aole ia i oi aku mamua o 5? C. Kimu mea uuku loa - māhunehune o ka makahiki, e hina ia 500 mm o. Kanu lakou mosses a me lichens, a uhi i ka honua islets. I ke kau wela, ua huli mai i loko o ke piholo maila subzone. O ke kumu ho i ka haahaa omoāea o ka wai i loko o kēia wā. Eia hou kekahi, permafrost 'aʻole i komo hohonu i loko o ia.

Aka hoi, i ka ciia'Ālika wao nahele mea nui he kaianoho koholā o nā holoholona a me nā manu? Aneii. Ma ka pūnāwai i laila, he geese, eiders, guillemots, puffins, waders, ma ka mokuna o ke koena sila, walruses, Polar bea, musk bipi. E hiki no hoi loaʻa lemmings a me na ilio hihiu hae e pio ma luna o lākou.

typical tundra

Tundra aniau, i pili i keia subzone Ua hoi loa kalakala, akā, ua like kā i ka Arctic waonahele, oia no softer. Summer mahana ke hiki i 10? C, ka hooilo -50? C. Ka hau uhi He pāpaʻu, a anuanu. Hao ke hoʻomaka i loko o May, hooilo hoʻomaka ma October. I ke kauwela mahina e hiki snowfalls, ka hoʻopiʻi e permafrost, ua nui na kahawai, puddles, ic ?? a me nā wahi lepo wai. Ka mea, he lepo a me ka oluolu, e neʻe ma sleds. Winter Ua wehewehe aku e ka makani a me nā snowstorms ikaika. Kanu uhi mea paa, ia meaʻano nui mosses a me lichens.

Ma ka hema, e hiki ke loaʻa haʻahaʻa-ulu scrub blueberry, hihiu rosemary, cranberries, Cassandra. Ma na kapa o ka muliwai, a ic ?? hiki ke ike sedge ka nalu, dwarf wilou , birch, alder, iunipera. Ua Lūkini tundra aniau kŰlń ao a hiki i ka aoao hema a hiki i Iulai 10 isotherm. Ma kēia mau i hoʻohalahala ka noho mau Polar pueo, ptarmigan, caribou, na iliohae, lemmings, weasels a me nāʻalopeke. Ma kekahi wahi, he mau Moose.

Artic waonahele smoothly i loko o ka lua o ka subzone aniau. Tundra aniau ma North America mea okoa mai ka Lūkini. E like me ilihune lepo (peat-gley, gley tundra, permafrost bog), ikaika makani a me ka kiʻekiʻe anu ua ole ae e hoʻomōhala kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻena kanu, a kūkulu i ke kumu kahua. Naʻe, i ka wa i uhiia me ka limu a me lichen, i wahi e hanai ai no ka dia ma Amerika, a ma Rusia.

nahele-tundra

Ke kūkulu hema o ka ?? eoi? Ee, ke aniau lilo kai mehana o. Ke ana o ka makahiki ka limu, lichen a me ka haʻahaʻa-ulu mea kanu, a e hoomaka ana i ka hōʻike wahi me ka loloa laau - keia ua kapaia he tundra huliau ciia. Ua hiki ma ka pau ana o North America a me Eurasia - mai ke kola Peninsula i Indigirka. Tundra aniau i loko o ka iiaciiie-ciia e leie aku nā flora a? Aaoa i nui ākea.

Winter mahana hiki hua 40 kekelē Kelekia ma, i ke kau -? 15 C. Makahiki kimu wale 450 mm o ihoiho. Snow uhi meaʻaʻahu, maluna o ka honua e pili ana i 9 mahina. Ii iai Ua oi ma mua o ke omoāea, no laila lepo puleʻAmelika, peat-gley, peat bog, ma kekahi mau wahi o gley-podzolic. No keia kumu, he hailona o ic ??, e halii mai.

Mai kanu 'ē aʻe ma mua o ka typical ano o ka tundra, ma laila nō' aila kaa, spruce, Siberian larch, warty birch. Muliwai i ka hoʻie emi ole ma ke aniau. Manawa a hiki i kēia lāʻau haʻahaʻa-ulu ma ka mokuna komo i loko o ka tundra. I typical tundra, eia ka laha 'like keʻokeʻo manu, shrews,ʻalopeke.

mauna tundra

He He okoa iiaciiie? Ciia, a ia lŘlŘ ma kiʻekiʻe altitudes i loko o nā wahi a pau o ka papu, ka LāʻauʻAla, hoopuniia ma pali a me nā kualono. Mountain tundra mea, he pono ole i loko o nā mauna o ka Akau-hikina o Rusia, hema Siberia, Tibet, ma ka Pacific mokuna o North America, i ka Hawaii o ka Davis pilikia, ma ka Kanakaole laulā, Alaska huahelu, a no laila, ma luna o.

tundra aniau i loko o nā kuahiwi ua wehewehe aku ma ka makani ikaika, haʻahaʻa mahana, permafrost, o ka nele o ka hau i ka hamama wahi. Ua hoʻomaka subzone o ka ululaau palena a me ka welau ma ka palena o ka hau laina ma luna o ka piko. Kokoke i na kedera loloa ulu laau uuku o ka wilou, a alder. Ua kokoke i ka luna kiʻekiʻe, ka mea i oi aku i ka wahi, uhi me ka mauu, hapa-laau uuku, mosses a me lichens.

I loko nō o ka hoʻohalahala aniau o ka tundra, keia wahi ma kona ano maoli o ka waiwai imi mea hihiu ana lepo. Ua mea i loko o kēia mau ana ke ola a me ka KamakawiwoʻOle i nāʻano o nā flora a me? Aaoa i mea ole i loaʻa i loko o nā wahi. Kekahi o ko lākou mau? Ueo i makemake ai e like me ka miomio. Eia hou, i ka tundra mea waiwai i loko o kumu waiwai, ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o i ka hoʻoulu makahiki, hoʻowahāwahā ke aniau.