Uranium aniani. Products i ka uranium aniani (Hawaii photo)

Uranium aniani, vaseline, ohe - nā inoa o nā huahana me ka hou ana o ka kalameaʻai o ka uranium oxides. Radioactive huahana? Pehea ka mea i na nā huahana e no ke ola, ua i me ka hoʻohana 'ana o 92-ko hehee ai (ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papaʻaina D. I. Mendeleeva), ka mea e like me ia no ka mea'ātoma pōkā pahū? Ua huli mai i ke aniani ka'āina pilikia loa? A o ka mea ole?

He aha ka Uranium a me kona oxides?

Ka German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth i ka 1789 loaa i ka "hou metala"ʻeleʻele mea pōhaku o koʻu mau ma Ioahimshtal mines ma Bohemia (kēia Czech Repubalika), hōʻike no ka mea, e like me ka uranium. He me ka manao pono, manao iho la ia i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia maemae - e nānā i kēia mea mahuʻi ma Contemporary hua'ōlelo, āna i hana ai,ʻaʻole. No ke aha la "uranium"?

I wale ewalu makahiki mua, i ka 1871, Frederick Uilyam Gershel (German astronomer mea näna i hana maʻEnelani) loaa i ka hou Honua i loko o ka poe System - ka hiku. He umikumamalima manawa oi aku ma mua o ka nuipa o ka Honua. Herschel ka inoa o ka mea, Uranus ma hope o ka Helene mythological mana wahine o Gaia (Honua).

Wale kanalima makahiki ma hope, i ka 1841, Palani chemist Ezhen Peligo ho'āʻo ai i ka "hou, umikumamawalu ma ka lalani metala" kūpono Klaproth, keia'okesaside (i loko o ka haku mele 'ana - ka oxygen). Peligot loaa i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia hala ole, akā, i loko o ka moʻolelo o ka loaʻa o ka uranium mea,ʻaʻole ia i komo, a me Klaproth.

Aka, aneane hapalua o ka kenekulia i ka 1896, uranium ia i koi ia ma ka hana, a ma hope o ka loaʻa o ka radioactivity waiwai o ua hehee ai iā ia wale nō ka mea, ua hoihoi o nā kānakaʻepekema. Akā, a hiki i 1939, ka wā ka mea, i paʻi i ka hopena o ia mea ma luna o nukelea fission, ka uranium mea e hoohehee ai , noʻu wale no radioactive radium.

mōʻaukala lāliʻi

Hoʻohana 'ana i' Eulopa ka maoli uranium'okesaside e pili ana i ka mea mua kenekulia BC: Pottery shards uhi me ka lenalena glaze, loaʻa i hanaʻeliʻana o Pompeii.

Iloko o ka mea hulikoehana hana ma Italy ma Cape Posilippo (Bay o Napela) i loaʻa yellow mosaic apana i ka makahiki 1912. I hookohu aku aniani i loko o ka 'ole he kekahi pakeneka o ka uranium'okesaside. Ua loaʻa nā lā hoʻi i ka makahiki AD 79

No ka mea? Iecaianoaaiiie o enamel a me ka aniani mosaic i ka manawa ma Europe i laweia mai na mea i eliia, mai Africa.

E like me ke extant kumu i kākau 'ia mai China kūloko haku glassmakers i ike maopopo i loko o ka 16-17 kenekulia me ka hou o ka uranium i eliia, e haawi aku i ke aniani waihoʻoluʻu malu. Products i ka uranium aniani o kēia wā i ole ua loaʻa.

Natural metala oxides, a i pinepine pu ma ka pōʻalo o ke kālā i eliia ma Europe, i ike glassblowers - ho'āʻo e hoʻololi i keʻano o ke aniani ia ia i ka lōʻihi manawa kahiko.

Uranium aniani: i ka hoʻomaka o ka nani huakaʻi o na aina

Habsburg kala mines, Aia ma Bohemia, e nui ma kona ano maoli uranium i eliia _­ - pitchblende (uraninite). A, o ka papa, i ka haku glaziers i mau makemake e hoʻohana maoli kalameaʻai e loaa ka waihoʻoluʻu auaiaea. Ke kolu o ka hanauna o ka mamo aliʻi kaulana o Artists Riedel, Manuela Xaver Anton, i loko o ke kakahiaka nui umikumamaiwa kenekulia, ho okolohua me ka hoopiha ana ano o ke aniani huahana. ʻana i ka hou a hiki i ka'ōhui o ka uranium oxides loaa hue mai yellow i ka hohonu'ōmaʻomaʻo, a me ka uranium aniani ma lalo o nā kukuna o ka lā he omaomao iki malamalama e ala ana, a hoonoho iho la, a haawi aku la ia i kekahi ano o ke kilokilo pohihihi.

Mai 1830, i ka dynastic hope Yozef Ridel (Manuela ka keiki, ka mea i mare i kana kaikamahine), ma hope o këia hoʻokolohuaʻikepili-ma-kānāwai, ua ulu ka kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana? Iecaianoaaiiuo o yellow (okoa'ōniʻoniʻo), uliuli (i ka pouli) a Ruby uranium aniani. A hiki i ka makahiki 1848 (ka makahiki o ka make Yozefa Ridelya) auaiaea - vases, makaaniani, na kiaha, puzyrechki, pugovok, lei - wale māhuahua.

I ka Ia manawa, na haku Pelekāne hooku iho la ia i ka makana i kona alii wahine Victoria ipukukui, nā kala like 'ole o ka uranium aniani i hoʻopaʻa pepa paʻi kiʻi podttverzhdeno. Keia mea, oia ke kumu e manaoio i ole wale i loko o ka Lepupalika Czech, akā, i loko oʻEnelani, hana mai i ka hou haku beauty kohu aniani huahana.

Mea o ka uranium aniani: nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiuo

E māhuahua? Iecaianoaaiiuo puke ma Europa (France, Netherlands, Pelekiuma, England) i aniani mahalo a me ka kaila. Ka mea wale nō i kekahi i loko o ka Czech Repubalika Ioahimshtal mea kanu ma Bohemia a 1898 hua mai la i oi aku 1.600 tona o kekahi mau huahana o ka uranium aniani.

Mai 1830, hoomaka iho la no hoi Gusev kanu i loko o Rusia, e paka like huahana.

Yellow a me ka uliuli uranium aniani ua kŘpa a inexpensive. Hoʻohana 'ia no kona hoʻokuʻu barium a me ka kalipuna Blend me ka hou o ka potasiuma a me ka boron, a he mau wahi i ka oi, pili hoʻomālamalama.

A hiki i 1896 (loaʻa o ka radioactivity AA Becquerel) ka pōʻalo a me ka pono o ka uranium hooheheeia ole palena, ua he 'auhau wale e kaʻawale radium mai o ia mau mea.

hiʻona

Uranium aniani ma ke omo o UV pāhawewe hoolilo ikehu i kaʻokoʻa māhele o ka pāhawewe pae -'ōmaʻomaʻo. Eia hoʻi, i kēia haumāna pāhawewe ua hoʻopuehuʻia, e mau ana i ka hana 'ia mea ulana lole. Keia waiwai ua kapaia fluorescence. Kēia hiʻona Aʻole i pau pena melemele a me ka uliuli huahana, akā, wale uranium aniani. Photo kanaka ma lalo o UV pāhawewe a proves ka authenticity o ka ohi waiwai mau.

A noho pilikia kaiāulu?

Uranium aniani me ka degere kiʻekiʻe o ka fluorescence E komo mai 0,3 a hiki i 6% uranium'okesaside. Mahuahua o ka lehulehu o ka hoemi luminescence like hoʻi me ka maʻiʻo o ke alakaʻi i loko o kaʻoihana, akā, maoli ka radioactivity (pāhawewe).

E ke Kumu glassmakers, e like kela mea keia mea e ae a hiki i 1939, i i ike e pili ana i ka kaʻawahia o ka uranium a me kona pāhawewe p ÷ ino. 'Ana, no ka mea i eliia e noho lōʻihi me ia i loko o mea pepehi koke alakai i ka pinepine i ike ole mai, pinepine pau i loko o ka make ana o ka haku.

Akā, mai ka uranium aniani huahana haawi a pau ma luna o ka honua, a meʻaʻohe kekahi i manao ai kekahi discomfort a mai, i kekahi ia lakou. No ke aha?

Ka pāhawewe kiʻekiʻe o nā 'atikala i ka uranium aniani mea haʻahaʻa - mai ka 20 a hiki i 1500 Mr. / HR, ka allowable palena o ke kāʻei kua - 30 Mr. / HR. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi ia, ina he helu o ka uranium aniani' ikamu, oe i, e kūʻoe ma luna o lākou i noke aku no ka oi ma mua o umi makahiki, e loaa ka pāhawewe maʻi.

Cessation o ka uranium aniani manufacturing

Ma mua o ka Apana World War, uranium mea i pili physicists. Wale i ka 1939, ka wā i ke kükohu i? Ac? Kaula naoh, ka hoʻokuʻu 'alahula mau dala o ka ikehu, nānā' ana i uranium hoomaka ae la e kūkulu i kekahi kumu hoʻohālike o ka nukelea pōkā pahū. A laila, ua pono e hoʻomōhala hoʻokomo kālā o ka uranium na mea i eliia.

uranium aniani? iecaianoaaiiuo ia i papani ai hoi i aneane 50 makahiki o ka iwakalua kenekulia.

All uranium hoʻokomo kālā nā hualoaʻa a i kakau, a ma Enelani ma Manufacturers 'vaseline aniani "i hopu ole wale maka mea akā, i pau nā huahana.

I ka lā, i ka uranium aniani ua hua mai i loko o ka palena haʻahaʻa mea i loko o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, a me ka Lepupalika Czech. E like me ka make hoʻohana depleted uranium, kūpono ma ka enrichment o ka uranium no nukelea wahie. Oihana a i ka uranium aniani, e like me nā huahana, ia mea, ke'ōlelo mai loa ai pipiʻi, oiai ka mea, koe he mahalo.

Pehea e hooholo i ka uranium aniani?

Inā pono nānā i nā lāʻau kūpeʻe o ka mea kahiko (Soviet manawa) mau kīʻaha i loko o koʻu kupunawahine mau sideboards, i loko o ka'āina, i loko o ka attic, e hiki ke loaʻa yellow a uliuli ka aniani moakaka bola, a e paha glow ma ke kakahiaka lā. Artifacts i lilo yellow a uliuli paʻakai shakers, ashtrays, vases, makaaniani, pihi, lei, he kahiko eelenye puka (window) i lawelawe,.

Iʻuku lele wahi kanaka i nā mea a pau o ka luna. Kuai ana, e hiki ke lilo i ka mea nona ka ono rarities.

E hōʻoia i ka mea o ka uranium aniani 'ikamu, ia mea e pono ai me ka UV kukui, a me ka Geiger loan. Pono no laila, hana maoli Waihona Noʻeau.

uranium antiques

Aie i ka mea i ka uranium aniani i hua mai i ka nui na mea, i ka heluna kanaka i koe i ka nui helu o na apana o melemele a me ka uliuli. Ma kekahi hihia i mea o ka mōʻaukala hoihoi, i kekahi manawa, - kahiko, collectible.

Vases i ka uranium aniani i loko o ke keiki Kahua keʻena ma luna o nā mea he nui, i loko o kekahi styles, mai ka Biedermeier (umikumamaiwa kenekulia) i ka Art Deco (iwakalua).

No ka Waihona Noʻeau o ka uku kuala kekahi figurines o nā holoholona a me nā manu, mai ka uranium aniani, hue a me nā ipu, tableware - papa, saucers, saucers, na kiaha, nā pūʻulu no ka waina.

Uranium huahana ma ka US

In English-olelo ana'āina, hele mai uranium aniani ma ka iwakālua kenekulia ia e kapaia "wai paraffin" no ka mea, o ka mea ano similarity i ka eponymous maa mea poni. Aniani, koe wale no ka akaka, he lenalena a me ka uliuli, he subspecies - ka carnival (me ke kala inserts), kaumaha aniani (nā huahana, nānā 'ole o ke kaila, nolaila ia i kuu i loko o ka US i ke kaumaha Great), ke ano (opaque haikea yellow), jade (opaque kona maka uliuli), Pulumi (opaque me ka malu o ka haikea a pink i yellow).

Where'ē aʻe hoʻohana kumukanawai a mai ka uranium na mea i eliia?

Na ₂ U ₂ O ₇ - paʻakai uranate - pena hoʻohana me he lenalena pigment. No ka pena porcelain a me ka pālolo (glaze enamels) ma kaʻeleʻele,ʻeleʻele, omaomao a me ka melemele'ōniʻoniʻo i hoʻohana uranium oxides o kekahi degere o ka'okesaside. Uranyl nitrate Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ke kakahiaka nui iwakālua kenekulia i loko o nā kiʻi - e hōʻoi' maikaʻi 'ole, a no ka tinting, dyeing' oluʻoluʻeleʻele.