Abiogenesis, a me ia na coacervates

ʻO kēia ka mea heluhelu i e ka poʻe kākoʻo iā ia no kekahi pähola 'ana o ke kumu o ke ola ma ka Honua - mai ka lewa e' Aeʻa pähola 'o ke ola mau loa o ka maikai ana. Akā, i ka mea heluhelu noʻonoʻoloi e ike i ka hapanui o nā kānakaʻepekema hoopili aku i ke alo o prebiotic wā i loko o ke kahua o ke ola 'ano apau loa - abiogenesis. A me ka papa kuhikuhiEʻimi naʻauao kulanui i loko o kēia mea o ka pähola 'o Oparin-Haldane kumumanaʻo paha coacervate kulu. He aha ka a me ka mea coacervates Hōʻuluʻulu pähola 'o abiogenesis i loko o ka evolution o nā mea a pau e noho ana - i loko o kēia' atikala.

Ke muli o ka makahiki

Hoaponoia coacervates pähola 'o Lūkiniʻepekema o ke kakahiaka nui 20th kenekulia, A. I. Oparinu. I ka makahiki 1924, ua paʻi i kona hana ma ka hopena o ke ao o ka pāʻoihana, paʻa kūhohonu loa kiʻekiʻe-hakakino i huiʻia. He ho'āʻo ai i ka mea i hana i ka hale hānai oo? O ke kiekie nā hoʻohui like o kēia mau waiwai, i ka poe i kaheaia ma ka coacervates kālaimeaola. He aha ia mea coacervate droplets - kiʻekiʻe-hakakino waiwai o ka lātoma (kumuʻiʻo) a e hana a puni ka "lākeke" o ka wai a me ka haahaa hakakino kaumaha i huiʻia.

Kumumanaʻo Oparin-Haldane

Kēia kaʻina ua kapaia ka coacervate coacervation. He aha ka ke kumumanaʻo o Oparin ka coacervates a endorsed i ka 1929 ma Pelekāne George, Haldane, a me ka mea i komo i ko lakou mau inoa i loko o ka inoa o prebiotic kemika, a me ka manawa o ke ola ma ka Honua. Kumumanaʻo paipai noho'na makaainana i ulu kiʻekiʻe-hakakino ke aloha 'ona i loko o ke kakahiaka kahua o ka lewa, a me ka lithosphere o ko mākou Honua.

Hoʻokolohua me ka primordial ai

I ka 1953, chemists Stanley Miller a me Harold Urey K manao, e kau i ka hoʻokolohua i loko o ka papa like ma ka haku mele 'ana a me nā kumu no ka prebiotic ma ka Honua. Ma ka alabata, e kau i ka läÿau, o ka methane, ammonia, hydrogen, a me ka wai i hou. Ma ka hele pono ma ka pāʻoihana (i ka 60 tausani i ka) pumping ka puʻuwai a me ka mahuahua o ka mahana i 80 kekelē Kelekia ma, loaa iho la lakou i ka helu o'amino nāʻakika, urea a me ka 'ē aʻe ke aloha i huiʻia. I ka makahiki 1954, India loaa ka chemist K. Bahadur aloha ka wā paku ole ia i Map. About ka pähola 'ana o prebiotic evolution a me ka mea coacervates aʻu i aʻo, a olelo aku la i ke ao nei a pau.

Gelatin i loko o ke aniani

He aha ka coacervates hoopuni ia manaʻo ma ka hoʻohuihui gelatin, albumin a nui aʻe ana Apapika a me ka wai. Initially maopopo pāʻoihana e turbid i mua, a laila ka mea, e lilo ōpū uuku lana ana ma ka pāʻoihana. 'O kēia ka loiloi mua coacervates. Ia i huiʻia hiki ke hana? Hookaawaleia (particles) e adsorb kela waiwai, a i ka maopopo mea kūkulu 'ole i ka hoʻoholo lākou individuality. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka Nine Inch evolution o ke koho ana o ka hou i ka pilina paʻa palapala, a lilo iho la ia i ke kumu no ka muli o ke ola 'ano apau loa.

Mai coacervate i unicellular

Ke iniiaiie moana ma prehistoric manawa he mea mua hapa 'ia' kaʻawaleʻana mai o ka papa o ka huna. kaʻana like lakou me ka Media pono hana (ka prototype o ka oi huikau pūnao), koke disintegrate a malama pono i ka manawa. Nā droplets ulu (mahuahua ma ka nui) a me ka mokuahana. A, ano, he mea ka 'ole o ke kiekie mea - wahi popo palaoa o ke ola, i mea hoʻomaopop' ana i loko o ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka hoʻololi kemikala a me ka palaho, ulu, ulu a me nā'ōlelo. Mai keia manawa, i ka hoʻomaka o ka Mokuna? Acaeoey o ke ola ma ka Honua.

Ka pilikia coacervate kumumanaʻo

A pau o keia mea maikai ma ka kumumanaʻo. Akā, hoʻowahāwahā i ka pomaikai ana o biologists i loko o kona e hooiaio ai, a pau ia i keia la a mākou i hana ai i loko o ka primordial ai, mamao aku, mai ka makemake i ke ola a me ke kelepona hele 'ole. ʻO kukulu ai ma 2008 ma ka 'Amelika biologist "protocell" a Japanese vesicle me kaʻili lahilahi, ke hiki, e puunaue (2011),' aʻole e hooiaio mai i ka pau ana o ka mea, ua ai nui ieeeea? O nā makahiki aku nei ma luna o mākou Honua. Pau kēia mau mea haawi wale i ka ai i ka? Ieoaeunoai hypotheses hiki aoao abiotic wā o ka evolution o ke ola.

hanana improbability

Pelekāne mathematician Fred Hall oaeuiinoe ka pahiki o accidental kumu o ke ola keena ma ka primordial ai. Lawa ia i ka olelo ia i loko o kona mau helu, oia ua mobilized ka holoʻokoʻa arsenal o kēia kamepiula 'ē aʻe. Ma kekahi maikaʻi rula, keia pahiki 1/10 * 40000. He He negligible nui, a ho'ēmi i kā ka likelihood o ia i hanana mea aneane ole.

paha hihia

Relativity akā, i kekahi i hōʻoki aku, a, e he mau luku examples kōkua i hōʻike pehea loa hiki ole i ka hua'ōlelo o nā makemakika nō ka hana. No ka laʻana, 100 000 makahiki ina kanaka ola ana, i mea 100% (ia mea, me ka a koe) i make i loko o ka pelane kui. Akā, me ka oiaio mea - ka pahiki o eo ka lottery i loko o ka US 'Ē Miliona ua helu pololei a me ia mea 1 ka 000. A 5200 American Valerie Wilson i ka 2002 a me ka makahiki 2006 ua lanakila i ka makana mua. A i 'ole kekahi kumu - ma Pulakalia i ka 2009, i lawe mai i ka hana a ka hoʻokolokolo' ana i ka lottery "6 o 41". A pau no ka mea, o ke koena unuhi o ka eha lā i loko o kekahi ka holo au ua haule eono'ālike huahelu. Ke pahiki o ia ka hanana - 3,61 • 10 ^-14. No laila, he mea hiki ole ke hanaia ma luna o mākou Honua.