Pehea nui i ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka microscope? I ka moolelo o ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka microscope

Microscope kapaʻia kekahi hanana mea hoʻololi i, e hoonui i ka microimages, a ana i ka nui o nā mea a mall me ka ho okumu i ike ma ka maka aniani. Kēia ulu He mea kupaianaha, a me ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka microscope ka loaʻano nui loa, no ka mea, me ka mea, aole e ole e kekahi mau mea o kēia 'epekema. Aʻaneʻi i hou au mamuli.

Microscope - e pili pū ana telescope uea 'i ua hoʻohana' ia no ka okoa hana. Me ka mea i hiki ke noonoo i ka 'ole o ka mea iʻike makaʻole i ka maka. Ua apono 'oe, e hoakaka i ka morphological kiko'î microformations, e like me ka Loiloi i kā lākou ka leo wahi. No ka mea, ke paakiki e noonoo ai i na pehea nui i ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka microscope, a pehea e loli i ke ano o ka hooulu ana o ka 'epekema.

Mōʻaukala o ka microscope a me optics

I kēia mau lā paʻakikī i ka olelo i invented ka microscope mua. Paha, i kēia pukana e hoi e hoʻomano kamaʻilio nui, e like me ka hana ana o ka crossbow. Eia naʻe, ma ka Akä naÿe i na mea kaua, o ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka microscope anei hanaia maʻEulopa. A o ka mea me kēia mea nō IKE OLE IA. Ka pahiki i ka mea i lilo i ka paionia Hans Jansen, he Hōlani haku no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o makaaniani, Ua kiʻekiʻe. Kana keiki, Zahariem Yansenom, Ua i ka hoakaka i ka 1590, i aku la ia, a me kona makua kāne i kūkulu i ka microscope.

Akā, i ka 1609, he ua no hoi kekahiʻano papa hana i hana i ka Galileo Galilei. He kapa ia occhiolino, a hōʻike mai iā ia i ka lehulehu Accademia Dei- Lincei. Maopopo ia i ka manawa hiki ke hoʻohana microscope mea i hōʻailona ma luna o ka puka o ka Pope hoʻokiwikā III. Ua Ua manaoio ia ia mea he hooponopono hou ana i ke kiʻi i loaa mai ma microscopic ninaninau. Light microscope (lua) Galileo Galilei oia o kekahi convex a me kekahi concave maka aniani.

Hou a me ka manaʻo ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa

Kela manawa, ma hope o 10 makahiki Galileo Cornelis Drebbel hana mea hou i hana muaʻole hana i ka lua microscope me elua convex nā aniani kaulona. A me ka hope,ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka hopena o ka 1600s, Kalikiano Huygens nui he mau-maka aniani eyepiece nenoaiu. Ka mea, i hua mai, a ano, e like nae ka mea nele i ka laula o ka hōʻike. Akā, nui importantly, a me ke kōkua o ke microscope i ka 1665 ma Robert Hooke study māhele o Cork oka i paʻa, ma ke nä känaka 'epekema i ike ai i ka ai-kapaia aeea. Ka hopena o ka ho okolohua i ka hoʻokomo 'ia' o "aeea" manaʻo.

Kekahi microscope makua kāne - Antoni van Levenguk - e hou-invented ia, akā, ka mea i kauoha aku e,ʻo ka noonoo ana o biologists i ka noonoo o kanaka. A laila, ua lilo i mea akaka i ka manaʻo nui o ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka microscope no ka 'epekema, no ka mea, ua hiki i ka hoʻomōhala microbiology. Paha, i mai la na mea maalea, me ka nui loa hōʻeleu i ke ana a me ka 'epekema, like loa me kanaka i ole ike microbes, ka mea i manaoio aku i nā maʻi ala mai, mai ka impropriety. A ma ka 'epekema noho alii ai ka manaʻo o ka alchemy a me vitalistic pähola' ana o ke ola, a o ka poʻe e ola ana i ka noho'na makaainana i ulu hanauna o ke ola.

Leeuwenhoek microscope

Ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka microscope mea i kū hoʻokahi kekahi hanana i loko o ka Middle Ages 'epekema, no ka mea, aloha aku i ka mea hiki ke loaʻa nui o ka hou' ikamu i ke kūkākūkā 'epekema. No hoi, he nui theories e hina no ka mea, o ka mea microscope. A i loko o kēia e piʻi like nui e Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. He ua hiki ke hoʻoikaika 'i ka microscope no laila, i ka mea e leie aku oe e ike i ke keena ma ka au mamuli. A ina e noonoo, ma kēia pōʻaiapili, i maoli o ka makua kāne o Leeuwenhoek microscope o kēiaʻano.

lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe 'ole

Ka loa mālamalama microscope Leeuwenhoek i ka una honua me ka maka aniani i hiki hoonani mea nānā pinepine ae la oia. Kēia papa a me ka maka aniani i ka Tripod. Ma ia ia, ka mea i kaa ma ka papamoe papa. Mana ana ma luna o ka maka aniani, e hoomalamalama, a aia ma waena o ia a me ke kukui lapalapa ho'āʻoʻia, ka mea, ua hiki ke ike i ka mea koʻohune keena. Ma ke aha ka mea mua mea a Antoni van Levenguk hoʻokolokolo ua plaque. Ma ka mea, i ke nä känaka 'epekema ia, he nui mea e kahea aku a ka mea i hiki ole.

Ke kū hoʻokahi o ka microscope Leeuwenhoek pepehi iho at ia. Loaʻa ka wā o ka ke keʻena kükohu aʻole e haawi kbps kiʻi. A, i ke alo o nā nā aniani kaulona wale māhuahua mā. No ka mea, i oi aku mamua o 150 makahiki, a hiki i ka hui microscopes, mua hoʻomohala e Galileo a me Drebbel, hoomaka ae la e haawi aku i ka ia kiʻi kona mea e like me ka mea Leeuwenhoek. Iho Antoni van Levenguk ua nō,ʻaʻole noʻonoʻo pono i ka makua kāne o ka microscope, akā, ma ka akau o ka ike aku i haku o ka microscopy o kanaka maoli a me mea aeee.

Ke hana mea hou i hana muaʻole a me ka holomua o ka maka aniani

Ke loa manaʻo o ka maka aniani mua ola i loko o ka wā kahiko Roma, a Greece. No ka laʻana, ma Helene ma ke kumu o convex makaaniani e hoʻokele i kuni i ke ahi. A ma Roma, ua lōʻihi ike mākou i ka waiwai o ka ipu aniani piha i ka wai. Ka mea, e leie aku oe, e hoomahuahua i ke kiʻi, eia nae aole i na manawa he nui. Hou kūpono 'ana o ka maka aniani ua i ike, naʻe ka mea, ua ike e holo nei ma luna o ka honua ke ole e ku.

Ua ua ike ia i loko o ka 16th kenekulia, Venice ua lilo i hana i ka pono o nā makaaniani. Ike maopopo ana i keia mea na mea e pili ana i ke alo o machines no ka wili aniani, i 'ae' e loaaʻi nā aniani kaulona. Nō hoʻi, he mau Nails'ōnohi manaʻo aha aniani keleawe a me nā aniani kaulona. No ke kilo o kēia mau hana a pau e pili ana i Leonardo ka Vinci. Akā, ma mua i kanaka hana me ka kiʻiona aniani: i ka 1268 Rodzher Bekon i aku i ka manaʻo o ka e pili ana i ka telescope. Hope ia i hoʻokō.

Ka mea, ua maopopo i ka mea kākau o ka maka aniani, aole ia e pili i ka kekahi. Akā, ka mea, ua malama a hiki i ka manawa like me ka optics i ole komo Karl Fridrih Tseys. I ka 1847 kāpenaʻo ia ma luna o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o microscopes. A laila, ua lilo ia i kona poʻe i alakaʻi i loko o ka ulu ana o ka 'ōnohi makaaniani. Ua ole a hiki i kēia lā, e waiho ana no ka papa kuhikuhi hana. Kōkua 'ana me ka mea a pau i ka poʻe i hana Panel a me camcorders, rifle scopes, huahelu finders, telescopes a me nā manaʻo.

ka hoʻomaikaʻi microscopy

I ka moolelo o ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka microscope impresses me kona piha mahele. Akā,ʻaʻohe emi hana hoihoi 'o ka mōʻaukala o ka hou hou' ana i microscopy. hoomaka mākou e hōʻike hou ʻano o nā microscopes , a? iie manao, i paha ke ia, e heleʻoi. Ano, o ka manao o ka hoʻokō 'ua i wale i ke ao ana o microbes, akā, i ka noonoo o ka liʻiliʻi eiiiiiaiou. Onymi nō nā lātoma a me nā'ātoma. Ua i loko o ka 19th kenekulia, ua hiki e makaikai i na mea o ka X-Ray Ka Ikepili mea. Akā, 'epekema koi aku.

No laila, ua i ka 1863,ʻImi Loa Henry Clifton Sorby polarizing microscope i ua hoʻomohala no ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o meteorites. A ma ka 1863, Ernst Abbe hoʻomohala i ka kumumanaʻo o ka microscope. Ua Ua ua ana ia ma luna o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o Karla Tseysa. Kona mau hoa a pau ma keia ua hoʻomohala ai i ka ike oihana alakaʻi i loko o'ōnohi manaʻo.

Akā, koke hele mai i loko o 1931 - o ka hana ana o ka huina'ine microscope. He lilo iho la i ka houʻano o ka mea, hiki oe i ike nui aku ma mua o ka malamalama. Ia aole i pili photons i ka X-Ray a me polarized malamalama, a me na electrons - kahi (particles) uuku ma mua o ka loa na mea Ion. Ka mea, ua i ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka lolouila microscope ua 'ae' e hoʻomōhala histology. Ano, ua loaa ia ia ka noiʻi piha paulele i ko lakou mau manao e pili ana i ka halepaahao a me kona organelles maoli pololei. Eia naʻe, wale nō i loko o ka makahiki 1986, ka mea nāna i hana o ka huina'ine microscope Ernst Ruska i i hookoia ka Nobel uku. No hoi, ua i ka 1938, Dzheyms Hiller kükulu i ka EYI huina'ine microscope.

New ano o microscopes

Science, ma hope o ka pomaikai a pau o na mea he nuiʻepekema ua ulu hikiwawe loa. A no ka mea, ke AIM dictated ma ka hou realities, ua i ka pono, e kūkulu i ka lahui ikepili koʻikoʻi microscope. A ua i ka 1936, Erwin Müller ua hanaʻia kahua ea puka noonoo. A ma ka 1951, e hua mai la i kekahi mea - he kahua ion microscope. Kona aliʻi nui, no ka mea, o ka mea mua manawa ae kānakaʻepekema, eʻike nā'ātoma. A i hou i ka mea ma ka 1955, Jerzy Nomarski e hoʻomōhala ana i kaʻimi naʻauao kumu o ka palena pau 'ākeʻakeʻa Akä naÿe microscopy.

Ka hoʻomaikaʻi i ka Hou Loa microscopes

Ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka microscope mea ole nae he pomaikai, no ka mea, o ka ikaika Ion a photons kekahi, ma ka liluwelo 'ia, a laila, pono i ke kūpono kiʻi, ma ka rula, ia mea,ʻaʻole paʻakikī. Eia wale i kekahi mea o ka hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mea e like ai o ka microscopy ua nui maoli. A ma hope o kēia mau hopena aʻepekema i hanaia o ka-holo nuipa a mea kālailai, i kapaia o kaʻimiʻana ion microscope.

Kēia mea apono 'oe e scan i'Ātoma ia kaawale, a ua loaa ka ike e pili ana i ka ekolu-dimensional' ole o ka lātoma. Together me ka X-Ray Ka Ikepili , keia iaoia e me ka nui loa hōʻeleu i ke kaʻina hana o ka 'ike o na waiwai i loaʻa ma ka ano. A ua i ka 1981, ka mea i hoʻolauna ma ka kaʻimiʻana tunneling microscope, a ma ka makahiki 1986, - ka'ātoma ikaika. 1988 - i ka makahiki o ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka kaʻimiʻana electrochemical microscope tunnel. A me ka loa hou a me ka loa maikaʻi kēia mea o ka Kelvinʻimi ikaika. Ua? Ac? I ka makahiki 1991.

I manaʻo ai o global nui microscope hana mea hou i hana muaʻole

E hoʻomaka ana mai ka 1665, ka wā Leeuwenhoek hoʻoili ma ka aniani aaioee a me ka manufacturing o microscopes, i ka hana i Hawaiʻi a ua lilo hou huikau. A kahaha ana e pili ana i ka manaʻo nui o ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka microscope, ia mea pono e noonoo i ka papa e piʻi like microscopy. Pela, ua hana ae, e noonoo me nā hīnaʻi manu, a i ka kekahi impetus developmental kālaimeaola. Ka mea ua laila ae, e ike aeea organelles, e ka mea e hiki ai e hana i ka halepaahao 'ole kumu.

A laila, i ka microscope ae e ike i ka lātoma, a me ka'Ātoma, a me ka hope o ka noiʻi, ua hiki ke scan lākou surfaces. Eia hoʻi, ma ka microscope, e hiki e ike i ka huina'ine ao o nā'ātoma. E like me na electrons hoʻoneʻe i ka mämä holo o ka malamalama a puni ka Kora naʻEsau, alaila, manao keia huna mea pau ole i ke Akua. I loko nō o kēia, ka mea mea pono e maopopo ka manaʻo nui o ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka microscope. Ua hoomakaukau ka manawa i kekahi mea hou i ka ike i hiki ole ke ike i ka maka. O ka honua mea kupaianaha, ka study o i i lawe ke kanaka i kaʻiʻo nō o kēia e piʻi like i loko o ke kālaikūlohea, kemika a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. A ia mea waiwai a pau i ka hana.