Alexander Dovzhenko - Ukrainian screenwriter, ka luna hoʻokele: Kawaihae,ʻike hoʻokumu

Dovzhenko Aleksandr Petrovich i he nui hopena ma luna o ka Soviet hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Kona kapaʻia ma hope o ka manaʻoe kūkulu? Iecaianoaaiiuo o Nuioka ma. Akā, ka mea, ua i wale i ka wela a me ka playwright. Ma o kona'āina, i loko o Ukraine, ua ike no hoi oia i ka mea kākau moʻolelo, haku mele a me ka essayist. Dovzhenko ho'āʻo i kona lima ma ke akamai. Akā, i ka pomaikai nui loaʻa i loko o ke kula o ka screenwriting. kakau iho la oia i ka hana keaka, pōkole nā moʻolelo a me nā novels i loko o ke kaila o Socialist realism.

At Alexander Dovzhenko ua he pilikia hopena, a mākou e uhi i loko o kēia 'atikala. Honi ma ka Soviet aupuni, ka uwa maila o elua Stalin waiwai pio: a People ka Artist o ka RSFSR,ʻo ia iā ia i ka hana o ke kaua i loko o ka hala ma ka kekahiʻaoʻao me ka Red. Kēia mea iʻikeʻia ma ka poʻeʻuʻuku. Akā, i ka loa hoʻonaʻauao kanaka i loko o ka USSR heluhelu i kona "magnum opus" - "Enchanted Desna". A me kona mau loa ana nou-ana hana o ke kahua o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka manaʻoe kūkulu he "Honua".

kamaliʻi

E like me ke komoʻana i loko o ka? Aaeno? O hawaiano o Trinity Church Sosnitsa kūlanakauhale (e ka Apana mawaena konu o ka Chernigov māhele, Ukraine), Alexander Dovzhenko Ua hānauʻia ma luna o ka aina Vyunische August 29, 1894. New kaila, ua hoʻopili like i September 10.

Ka makua kāne a me kona makuwahine, he illiterate kauwa. Makua o ka wā e hiki mai kau wela, Petr Semenovich, ua he mamo o Poltava Chumakov, ka mea i noho ma Sosnitsa ka hola i loko o ka muliwai, o ka umikumamawalu kenekulia. Moʻokūʻauhau aʻaʻano o Dovzhenko hiki ke Hahai I i ka 1760s. Ua ua ike ia ka nui-kupuna kāne o ka mea kākau moʻolelo, Taras, ua he poʻe haku moʻoleloʻo nui. Keia haawina i ili mai iā ia a me ka uuku Sashko.

Ka 'ohana nona ka nui kuka o ka'āina, akā, noho iho la ma ka ilihune, no ka mea, o ka lepo ua infertile. O na keiki he umikumamaha hanau i ka hana-makahiki ola wale ekolu: Bellamy ia ia iho, me kona kaikaina a me kaikuahine Pauline Trifon. Pinepine ka make etched i loko o koʻu hoomanao ana i ka mea kuhikuhi. "I ka hale mau noho aliʻi ihola nō ia a me ka uwe ana," - i palapala hope. A e pili ana i ka poeticʻuhane o kona makuwahine, i aku la ia: "Ua hānauʻiaʻo ia i nā mele, akā, me ka a pau ke ola e hea ana, no ka mea, i nā keiki a mau loa aku."

aʻo

Ma ke kula haʻahaʻa ma Sosnitsa Alexander Dovzhenko i hoike mai maikaʻi loa hopena, a me ka makemake i ka ike. No ka mea, koʻu makua kāne hoʻoholo e hoʻomau nooaai? I kana keiki. He kuai lilo aku la i ka hiku o ka hapa o ko lākou mau'āina, a hiki i Bellamy ua hiki ke loaʻa i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana i loko o iniiaiie kula, a laila, i ka 1911, ua komo aku i ke kumu kiʻina aʻo Institute ma Glukhov. Kēia keiki kulanui Dovzhenko i wae ole, no ka mea, makemake e lilo i kumu kula, akā, no ka mea, ua haawiia mai i ka hoʻokuʻu 'ana i hoʻokahi haneri a me ka iwakālua rubles o ka makahiki. Ma ke kula,, halawai mai la me ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo me ka Ukrainian moʻokalaleo, i loko o kēia Russified hapa o ke aupuni a pau i lalo o ka pāpā. Ma hope o ka puka i hoounaia mai Dovzhenko, e aʻo aku i loko o Zhytomyr.

Ka mea kākau moʻolelo, a me kona manawa

Ka hoʻomaka o ka First World War, Alexander Dovzhenko, ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka pōkole Kawaihae i loko o keia' atikala ua ike like me ka jingo. He enthusiastically kiola hele ana i ke kaua koa me nā pua a me ka mau makahiki, hoomaka ae la e nana i ka hope, mai ke alo "me ka hilahila a me ke kaumaha." Ma ka Ia wā Dovzhenko hoʻokokoke mai ka Ukrainian aupuni liberation ana.

FebruaryʻOiʻenehana o 1917, oia no hoi perceives loa hoihoi. Hope poho, i loko o ka mea ana i wehewehe succinctly: "Ma ke kipi, au i i komo i loko o kēlā mau puka." A hiki i ke Kanawai War wawahi mai, Dovzhenko hele aku e hana manawaleʻa i ka poe kaua o ka UNR, a me ka pu a me ka Apana Serdutskaya regiment makani ino mai ai i ka Kiev "Arsenal". Umikumamakahi makahiki ma hope, i ka mea kuhikuhi kolo `nā hanana i loko o ka ho film, hōʻike pū 'ana i ka mea i loko o ia wahi ma ka aoao o ka Black Gaidamakov. No ka mea e hele mai ana e ka mana Skoropadsky Dovzhenko kuemi hope mai o ia Zhitomir. A hoʻi hou aʻela ia Kiev, lilo iho la oia i ka haumāna no ka Ukrainian Halau o Arts.

"Red" manawa Kawaihae

Ua i loko o nā twenties, Alexander Dovzhenko i loaa ole i loko o ka ke aupuni-bourgeois manaʻo. Mau makamaka, a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo Vasily Blakytnym alakai aku la ia ia Marxism honua. Ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i ka mea o ka mea kuhikuhi iho kākau ai i loko o kona moʻolelo pono'ī nova iho o ka 1939. He hui Borotbists. Nā lālā o keia aoao, alaila, hui ka Communist Party (Bolsheviks) o Ukraine. Ua pili aupuni affiliation Dovzhenko ae e noho koʻikoʻi kulana: Kakauolelo o ke Keʻena Kiev o Education, Head o ka 'Oihana Art. He hana i loko o ka Ukrainian Luna oihana o ka Plenipotentiary o Poland (1921), a me kaʻIliahi e hoohalike ai o ka Ukrainian Repubalika ma Germany. Kona noho ma Pelelina, ka artist Dovzhenko hoʻohana e lawe nā haʻawina a mai expressionist Villi Gekkelya. Ma Germany, ka artist-diplomat mare Barbara Krylova. Akā, e like me ka mea huli mai, i ka noho ua Borotbistsʻeleʻele, hehi iho no ka mea hou aupuni. Dovzhenko hoʻomanaʻo aʻela i ka Ukraine, a me ka 'auʻa' i ka aoao kāleka.

honua hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni

Mai 1923, Dovzhenko noho ma Kharkov - ke kapikala mua o Soviet Ukraine. B. E ho ohana Blakytnogo oia loaʻa cartoonist Nupepa "News VUTSVK", a me kekahi wehewehe o ka puke (i loko o nui, "uliuli Loko" Petra Pancha). I loko o kēia wā, ua pono converges me ka palapala, ai 'kaiapili "dea", i i nona ma ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

Alexander Dovzhenko, nona Film e loaʻa admirers nui hope, iʻaʻohe hoʻonaʻauao, i ka hoao ana i loko o ke kuhikuhi ia. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia i hoʻomaka e hana ma luna o ke kūkulu o Nuioka ma loko o Odessa. Kekahi o kana mau hana mua, ua outright manaʻo pīhoihoi "Red Army" a me ka pena "Ma ka ulu lāʻau."

Dovzhenko a UOAAaOON ia iho i loko o ke kūlana o ka mea kākau moʻolelo. Ma keia kahua oia hana he hula na keiki i kapaia "Vasya ka Reformer."

Ma ke kauoha o ka "Love ka hua" hui Dovzhenko me Danilo Demutsky, a me keia tandem kauoha ma ka Aʻole ua hoonoho no ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. Together ka mea e ho okumu i ka puu o ka hoihoi 'auka e paa ai.

Dovzhenko: hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni

Ka hana mua, i loaa ka iaia ua "Zvenigora". Ma keia 1928 pena haku hui Lyrics a me satire o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni moʻolelo. Ke ho film "Honua" (1930), kokoke koke ma hope o wehe i ke kala mai i ka hoolimalima.

Akā, ke kiʻi "Ivan" (1932) i lawe mai ai ma kahi kokoke iā ia me Stalin. Ka mea, hoʻopili like, ma hope o ka luna hoʻokele e loaʻa ai ka lohe ana i ka dictator. I ka 1939, Dovzhenko no ka pololei kauoha mai Stalin lawe "Ua maa no" ho film "Shchors". No keia leki kauoha koke loaa i ka lani kiekie loa ia nā kumu kāki.

Mai makahiki 1934, Dovzhenko noho ma Moscow, a uku nui noonoo i ka palapala, ai 'hana. Iloko o ka Apana World War,ʻo ia ke kuhikuhi mau documentaries, kakau iho la (essay) a me nā 'atikala.

hilahila

Koke i ka mana (oi loa aku hoi i Stalin) i ka downside. I ka 1943, Dovzhenko i kākau i ka screenplay no ka ho film "Ukraine i loko o ke ahi." Eia naʻe,ʻano'ēʻia, ma ka halawai o ka Politburo o ka CPSU (b), keia hana i ua malalo i ka defamation. Ke kōmi'ōkuhi ua he loa io loiloi a me Stalin.

I ka makahiki 1944, ka luna hoʻokele Alexander Dovzhenko Hapai lyrical Auana "Life mea i loko o ua pua i nā." Like vnasmeshku, ninau mai Aupuni oia i hoohuli i ke kiʻi no ka pono o ideological koi. Dovzhenko ho'āʻo i pono ia i hiki. E like me ka hopena, i ka pale mai ma ke akea nawaliwali kiʻiʻoniʻoni i kapaia "Michurin" piha o Promotional UAAIIeIIeX.

Pela hoi, aole minamina hou kona maka hopena i loaʻa i ka hana hope o ke kau wela. State mea "Goodbye,ʻAmelika!" Ua hapai ae nei i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka hana o perebezhchitsy States i loko o ka USSR Annabella Byukar. A hiki i ka pana hiki i ke kahua hope, i ka Kremlin hele mai i ka mea e hooki aku i ka hana ma ka pena.

Make ma ka aina e

Alexander Dovzhenko mua naau maluna ua no ma ka hanaiia'na mai o "Michurin." I ka pau ana o kona ola ka mea, ao mai la ia ma ka VGIK. He makemake e hoʻi i Ukraine, akā, i ole e haawi ia ia i 'ae e hana ai i ke Aupuni.

Dovzhenko? Oaony moʻolelo hana - e kākau i ka puke "Golden puka". Nō hoʻi i loko o kona wā e hiki mai manao ua e kākau i kekahi kōmi'ōkuhi kiʻi "poem o ke kai". Ma ka lā mua o kēia huakaʻi i ka ho film, make aku la ia o ka naʻau hoouka. He Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia ma Novodevichy pā ilina ma Moscow.