Alexander Sumarokov: A Kawaihae "makua kāne o Lūkini hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni"

Aleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov, kona Kawaihae ua inextricably ua hoʻopili i ke kūpono 'ana o ka aina moʻomeheu o ka XVIII kenekulia, ua manaoia e ia i ka "makua kāne o Lūkini hale kiaka." He ia i malamaia me playwright a me ka librettist. Kona na makana i loko o ka Lūkini moʻokalaleo, e hoala no ka mea, o kona poetic hana ma o ka hou kiekie i ka manawa. Kona inoa ua hele i lalo i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Rusia.

Ke keiki hooilina i ka kahiko aliʻi inoa

November 25, 1717 ma Moscow i loko o ka ohana o ka hae Peter Sumarokova keiki, ka mea i kapaia o Alexander. Like he nui na keiki a ka mea kahiko maikai mauʻohana, oia, i kekahi o ia mau no a hiki i ka genus Sumarokov, kā lākou mua aʻo a me ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' ana o ke keiki ua ma kona home ma lalo o ke alakaʻi o nā kumu a me na kumu i hai 'ia e kona mau makua.

Ma kēlā mau makahiki, opiopio noblemen na mea he nui, e haawi aku ana kāu mau koho ana i ka oihana koa 'oihana. Au ua i koe a me Alexander Sumarokov. Kawaihae o kona kuokoa ola hoʻomaka me Paliuli a hiki i ka makahiki o ka umikumamalima ia i komo i ka Land Gentry mau pūʻali, wehe i loko o St. Petersburg i na kauoha o Empress Anny Ioannovny. Loko o kona mau pāʻo ia i ka hāhai ewalu makahiki, a maanei no ka manawa mua i hoomaka ai e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina moʻokalaleo.

Cadet mau pūʻali, a me ka mai ana mai 'oihana

I ka manawa o ke kuka nei lakou i loko o ka Cadet mau pūʻali piʻi wale mea kākau kākau poetry a me lyrics, hoohalike ma na hana o Farani, kākau, a me kona compatriot Vladimir Trediakovsky. Kona mua poetic ho okolohua e poetic EKOLU. O ka halelu. Eia hou, e hāpai mai kauoha o ko lākou mau hoa - kākau ma ka aoao o congratulatory ode a pau i loko o kēlā mau makahiki o ka Empress Anne Ioannovne, a ua nui loa ma ka ano.

I ka 1740, i waena o ui puka mau pūʻali o ka ilamuku ua Alexander Sumarokov. Kawaihae hākālia nō ia i kona ola i loko o kēlā mau makahiki, ua maikaʻi ma mua o ka manawa a pau. Ma ka iwakālua o ka-ekolu makahiki, oia hoʻolālā i loko o ka oihana o ke Kauna Munnich, koke i ka mua ponoi kakauolelo helu Golovin, laila, i ka mana Alekseya Razumovskogo. Akā, mamua wehe i ka 'oihana, oia hoʻolaʻa aku ai i oia ia ia iho i ka moʻokalaleo. Kona kiʻi i loko o kēlā mau makahiki - Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, kaulana ode a lilo i kumu hoʻohālike no Sumarokova aloha, a me ka hiʻona'āina i loko o ka huli 'ana no ka makakū aoao.

Ka mea mua loa-hewaʻiʻo lono

Eia naʻe,ʻaʻoheʻoiaʻiʻo artist hiki ole e māʻona me wale ka Mohai o ia hana ma kekahi aku, ia mea mau ischot iho kaila. 'O kēia mea Sumarokov. Kawaihae o kona makakū ola maoli nō i hoʻomaka ka wā, i loko o nā salons o ka hoʻonaʻauao aristocracy o St. Petersburgʻikea au i loko o ka likeʻole ma o ka papa inoa o kona aloha mele. Kēia 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke Ua koho ia e ka mea kākau mea ole accidental. Ua i ka mea nana i ae i ka loa hamama ana o ka manao o Alexander - he maikaʻi loa opiopio luna, piha ka pilialoha inā pilikia ka haumāna nona i kona mau makahiki.

Akā,ʻo maoli kaulana i lawe mai iā ia i i wahi ma ka pā hale i loko o 1747 i mea e poetic hana keaka "Horev". I ka Ia manawa ia i paʻiʻia, a lilo iho la ia i loaʻa ai i ka nui lehulehu, a i kona inoa i kapa nationally. Ma hope iho o ia, no hoi ma ke kahua, hana mau apana, i ke kumu o ka a ua Sumarokov. Kawaihae o kāna hana i hele mai, mai ia manawa a hiki i ka hou kiʻekiʻe - ka mea, lilo i ka 'oihana kākau moʻolelo.

Rich makakū ola Sumarokova

I ka 1752 ua he nui kekahi hanana. Empress Elizaveta Petrovna kakauinoa i kekahi kauoha i lawe mai ai, mai Yaroslavl poʻokela moʻolelo keaka wale kiʻi o kēlā mau makahiki F. G. Volkova, a noi aku la ia ia, e hoonohonoho Rusia ka mua paʻa keaka, kona mea kuhikuhi i hoonohoia Sumarokov.

Pōkole Kawaihae o ia wale nō i loko o kekahi mau hua'ōlelo e haawi aku i ka manaʻo o ka invaluable na makana i i i kēia kanaka i loko o ke kahua o ka Lūkini kahua o ke ola, akā, i loko o ka hoomanao ana o ka hanauna, ka mea, ua hookoeia mai ai, e like me ka "makua kāne o Lūkini keaka", a me keia e olelo, Ua oi akamai ma mua o kekahi'ōlelo.

Kona makakū hoʻoilina o unusually ka laula. Nui paha ia e hoole i ka pōʻino nui ewalu i hele mai, mai kona peni, he iwakalua-ekolu comedies a me ke keaka mele libretti. Eia hou kekahi, Sumarokov haʻalele i ka nui hoailona i loko o nā palapala, ai 'kihapai. Kana mau hana i pai ia ma luna o nā 'aoʻao o ka kālaiʻike puke pai "malama palapala", a ma ka 1759, hoomaka ae la oia e hoolaha kona iho Magazine "Hard-e hana ana i nalo hopeʻeha." Ma mahope makahiki o ka pai ana mai i hoiliili lehulehu o kona mau poem a me na olelo lapuwale.

I ka pau ana o ka haku mele ka ola a me ka hoʻomanaʻoʻana o ka hua

Kino alakaʻi Sumarokov lawe mai mua 1761. Ma hope iho o ia, ua ola ia i kekahi manawa i loko o ka paukü, a laila, i ka 1769, neʻe akula i Moscow. Eia ka mea, he kue nui i ka luna o P. Saltykov, ma kaʻaoʻao i hookipa ka Empress. Kēia kumu o ka haku mele 'ehaʻeha o trauma a entails nui kālā pilikia. Akā, ma muli naʻe o ka pōpilikia, i loko o nā seventies,ʻo ia, e like me ka noiʻi, kākau i kona maikai mau hana, e like me "Dmitry ka Pretender", "Vzdorschitsa" a he nui 'ē aʻe. He make ma luna o October 12, 1777, a ua kanuʻiaʻo ia ma ka Donskoy ilina ma Moscow.

Mamo maopopo mahalo i ka pono o keia kanaka i ka Fatherland. I ka mea kaulana kia "Ka Wā Kaukani o Rusia" i waena o ka mea koʻikoʻi mōʻaukala huahelu o ka moku'āina a me ua poe e Alexander Sumarokov (Hawaii photo o ka mea heluhelu ke ike ma kaʻaoʻao). Ma kana mau palapala la hanauna o ka haku mele, ka poe e noho ana i ka nani a me ka haaheo o ko mākou moʻomeheu, a ua lilo ia i kona moʻolelo keaka wale na hana i ka puke no ka wā e hiki mai playwrights.