'aminoʻakika 'ole. Definition a me ka Mea Maluna o ka'amino nāʻakika

Mawaena o ka nuiʻano o maoli waiwai'amino nāʻakika i kekahi wahi. He pono i kā lākou loaʻa kekahi cia nā ma ka kālaimeaola a me ke aloha kemika. Ka mea, ua i mai'amino nāʻakika komo o ka poe noonoo ole a me ka luna 'nā lātoma o nā polokina, a nō ka hookumu ana o kela a me keia a me kela ano keia ano o ke ola ma ka Honua. Ia mea no keia mea, i 'epekema ua uku noonoo nui i ka hoʻopaʻa' ana o nīnūnē e like me ka'aminoʻakika 'ole, ka waiwai, a me ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo ana. Nui waiwai o kēia mau i huiʻia ma ka lapaau, ma ka mea i hoʻohana like lāʻau lapaʻau hoomakaukau. No kela poe kanaka, ka poe i seriously komo i loko o ko lākou mau ola kino, a alakai i kaʻeleuʻaoʻao o ke ola, kumuʻiʻo monomers i kekahiʻano o kaʻai (no laila,-kapaʻia haʻuki kino). Kekahi o nā 'ano i hoʻohana i loko o ke aloha kemikala kemika like feedstock i loko o ka hana o ka kemikala olona, - enanth a me ka nylon. Me oe e ike, he'aminoʻakika Radio he kūlana loa nui nā ma ke ano maoli, a me ka kanaka hui, no laila, nānā i ia i loko o aku au mamuli.

Hiʻona o ka 'ole o ka'amino nāʻakika

Hui o keia ano, ua amphoteric ke aloha waiwai, oa ke komo nā ooieoeiiaeuiuo nā pūʻulu, a no laila, ho'āʻo pālua waiwai. Ma 'ana, i loko o nā nā lātoma keia hydrocarbyl radicals pili i ka NH _2'amino pūʻulu a me carboxylic pūʻulu COOH. Ke Nine Inch reactions a me nā waiwai e hana e like me ka'aminoʻakika kumu, peheaʻakika. Isomers o ia hui ua hoikea mai oia, ma muli o ia i ka loli 'ole nā māhele hoʻonohonohoʻia o ka kalapona iwi, a me'amino kulana, a me ka Mea Maluna o'amino nāʻakika me ka nānā' ia me ka nānā i ka mall hiʻona a me ka waiwai o ka hydrocarbon'ano'ē. Ua hiki ke lawe i ka palapala o ka pololei a me ka manamana ai ke kaula gula, a no cyclic hale.

'ōnohi ha awina aminocarboxylic nāʻakika

All monomers o polypeptides a me kā lākou 20 laha 'e noho i loko o ke kino o ka mea kanu, holoholona a me nā kānaka, i L-'amino nāʻakika. Ka hapa nui o ia no ka asymmetric kalapona'Ātoma, haliu ae la ia oiai kaʻapuni i ka polarized malamalama mea nana i ulana i ka hema. Elua lātoma isoleucine a threonine - i mau ia kalapona nā'ātoma a me aminoaceticʻakika (glycine) - aohe mea. 'amino'ōnohi ha awina Mea Maluna hoʻomano hoʻohana i biochemistry a hakakino kālaimeaola i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ke kaʻina hana o ka unuhi i loko o kumuʻiʻo biosynthesis. Interestingly, ka D-palapala'amino nāʻakika ole kekahi hapa o ka polypeptide kaulahao o nā polokina, akā, e noho i loko o ka mea koʻohune membranes a me metabolic huahana o fungi, actinomycetes, i ua, i ka mea, e loaʻa ka mea, i loko o maoli antibiotics e like me gramicidin. I biochemistry maopopo waiwai me ka D-palapala māhele 'ole e like citrulline, homoserine, ornithine, pāʻani nui i kūlana ma ka reactions o ka halepaahao pūnao.

He aha ka zwitterions?

Hou, monomers i nā polokina i haku o ooieoeiiaeuiuo pūʻulu i amines a me carboxylic nāʻakika. (Particles) -NH ₂ a me ka launa pū 'COOH pu loko o ka lātoma, i hiki aku ai i ke keena paʻakai, i kapaʻia bipolar ion (zwitterion). Kēia wehewehe i ke kipi 'ole o ka'amino nāʻakika o ko lākou kiʻekiʻe akamai, e pāʻani aku me ka Polar nā'uheheʻe, e like me ka wai. Ke alo aku o na mea i papa (particles) ma ka pāʻoihana ke kumu o ko lakou conductivity.

He aha e α-'amino nāʻakika

Inā ka'amino pae i loko o ka lātoma mea ma ka mua kalapona'Ātoma, helu mai ka carboxyl wahi wahi, ua'aminoʻakika pili ana i ka papa o ka α-'amino nāʻakika. Ka mea, kūlana 'he alakai wahi i loko o ka Mea Maluna, no ka mea, mea mai kēia mau monomers, a kūkulu a pau biologicallyʻeleu kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma, no kekahi laʻana, e like me nā'ūhū, hemoglobin, actin, collagen, a no laila, ma luna o. D. ka' ole o ka'amino nāʻakika o keia ano, e hiki ke noonoo i ke kumu hoohalike o ke glycine, i ka ia i ua hoʻomano hoʻohana ma neurologic hana like me ka malimali hoʻomākaukau no ka iapaau ana o mehana ano o ke kaumaha a me ka neurasthenia.

International inoa o keia'aminoʻakika - α-glycine, ka mea, i ka'ōnohi L-shape a me ka mea proteinogenic, i komo i loko o ka unuhi 'ana a me ka hapa o ke kumuʻiʻo macromolecules.

Nā polokina a me kā lākou kūlana ma ka pūnao o monomers

He mea hiki ole e hoi i noonoo ai i ka maʻamau functioning o ka meaola o mammals, a me ke kanaka, me ka hormones, oia hoi o ka kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma. Ke Nine Inch 'ole o ka'amino nāʻakika i loko o ia mau mea, keʻae i kā lākou mau no a hiki i ka α-pepa. E laʻa me, triiodothyronine a me ka thyroxine hua mai la ia e ka thyroid gland. Ka mea hooponopono i ka pūnao, a ma kona keena i synthesized mai α-'aminoʻakika tyrosine. i loaʻa i ka noʻonoʻo a me ka luna 'nā polokina like me ka 20 nui monomers a me kā lākou nā mea loaʻa. Ke prothrombin, i regulates koko coagulation, Ua noho carboxyglutamicʻakika ma ka myosin (Muscle kumuʻiʻo) 'akomi i methyllysine, ka'ūhū peroxidase - selenocysteine.

'aiaola waiwai o nā polokina a me kā lākou mau monomers

E noonoo pono i ka 'ole o ka'amino nāʻakika a me kā lākou Mea Maluna, e kālele ana ma luna o ka gradation ma muli o ka hiki' ole hikiʻole o ke kumuʻiʻo monomers synthesized ma keena. Alanine, proline, tyrosine a me nā hui i hanaʻia i loko o ka naoh o ke ea kuai, a me ka tryptophan, a ehiku'ē aʻe'amino nāʻakika i ke kiʻi wale nō me ka ai i loko o kā mākou kino.

Kekahi anakahi o ka pololei a me ka 'O ke kaulikeʻai o ka nui o kanaka hokii o ke kumuʻiʻoʻai. Ka mea, e ia ma ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka hapahā o ka heluna nui o ka ai i loaa mai ma ke kino no ka lā. He oi loa nui ana na nā polokina na i loko o kona haku mele 'ana valine, isoleucine, a me nā nui'amino nāʻakika. Ma keia hihia, ua kapaia piha nā polokina. Lakou komo i ke kanaka kino, mai kanu ai, a ai i loaʻa fungi.

Monomers lakou ia lakou iho nui nā polokina hiki ole ke synthesized ma mammalian keena. Inā ka 'ole o nā lātoma o'amino nāʻakika, a ua paʻa mau mākou i noonoo, ua hiki ke ike i ka mea no ana i kekahi mau papa. No laila, valine a me ka leucine i aliphatic puke, tryptophan - a hiki i ke onaona'amino nāʻakika a me threonine - i ka hydroxyamino.