Anatomia: Lumbar plexus a me kona lālā

I ko makou kino, aohe mea i hana wale - Mother Nature i malama o ka mea pono. Oiai, e like me ka hoʻomaopopo ma kekahi, he kino e like me ka mea i paiiaʻi na, ua o ka uuku waiwai, a me ia mea hiki ke noho i ka piha ola me ia. Akā, me ka ninau manawa mea,ʻaʻole e pili ana ia, a me ka pili ana i ka mea nui a Mānoa hoʻokani ma ka lumbar plexus, ole plexus lumbalis. Uaʻeleu, he lālā o nā aʻalolo a hāʻule pahū wale pelvis, a malaloʻaoʻao.

hoʻoʻino keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o kēia wahi e pū ma ka neuralgia, a uhi i ka haahaa hapalua o ke kino. Pinepine i ka mea ia manawa, aia no na eha. E maopopo maopopo pehea pathological keʻano o ka hanaʻana Pono e e kama'āina i ka'anatomia o keia oihana.

ka wehewehena

Lumbar plexus mea he ohi ana i kekahi mauʻano o nā aʻalolo. Ma kona ho okumu i ka hana mahiʻai muaʻekolu spinal nā aʻalolo. Kekahi kumuʻaneʻi hiki i hoʻohui pū 12 lala o ka thoracic a me 4 lālā o ka spinal nā aʻalolo. Nui Muscle olona, i ka wahi, kahi a ke lumbar plexus ka moana. Anatomia komo ai loaa i ke aʻalolo lala ma ke alo o ka transverse keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka lumbar vertebrae.

Mau nā aʻalolo i kuleana no kekahi mau māhele o ka innervation o Muscle olona, a me ka ili o ka peritoneum. Eia hou, ka mea e pili ana me ka ili honua o ka mawaho genitalia, ka medial ili o ka tibia, ka anteromedial kēia lākiō o ka uha. Total ma keia pauku, he mea kekahi mauʻano o nā aʻalolo a hāʻule pahū wale:

• iliohypogastric;
• ilioinguinal;
• femoral-moe;
• kīloi paʻewa;
• obturator;
• Femoral.

E noonoo oe i ka iki hou e pili ana i ka lakou mau a me kahi wahahee. Conventionally, na nä olonä a pau hiki ke maheleia i mau like nā pūʻulu.

Ka muaʻekolu nā aʻalolo

Iliohypogastric nā aʻalolo o ka lumbar plexus e hana ma luna o ka mua iwiaoao 12 a me kekahi lumbar nā aʻalolo lala. Mai ia mea, e hele ma ka psoas Muscle, a laila, e hele mai i loko o hui 'ana me ka mua ili o ka quadratus lumborum, i laila ma kahi o nā puʻupaʻa. E möakäka hou nā aʻalolo holo, mai luna a lalo, ka malama ana i kona kuhikuhi ana hoʻi i mua. Ma ke ala a hiki i ka iliac nalu permeates ka transverse abdominal nāʻiʻo a laila moe ma waena o ka mea a me ka na kēlā abdominal Muscle olona. A houʻaoʻao mea ia ma waena o ka kēlā nāʻiʻo elua.

I ka hohonu inguinal ke komo lima o iliohypogastric nā aʻalolo i komo iloko o ka na kēlā Muscle a me ka tendon ka laula papa ka mawaho kēlā Muscle. Mahope, ia na lala i loko o cutaneous appendages abdominal pā ma luna o ka pubic symphysis. Kona oihana nā innervation o ka hapanui o na nāʻiʻo o ka abdomen. I ho'āʻo nā aʻalolo i loko o kaʻili i loko o ke ki kala, lakou kikala, anterior abdominal pā pōhaku ma luna o ka pubis.

Kekahi lālā, i originates, mai ke alo mai o ke aʻalolo kumu, akā, mea iki haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka mea mua, i kapaia o ilioinguinal nā aʻalolo, kekahi pū i loko o ka lumbar plexus. Anatomia o kona poe kanaka, a me na wahine eʻokoʻa. A ikaika anal nā aʻalolo hele ma ka inguinal Canal, a mai hemo mai i loko o ka poe liilii, cutaneous lālā ma nā surfaces o ka uha kokoke i ka scrotal nā aʻalolo keena. Hope kuleana no ka innervation o ka ili o ka penis a me ka scrotum ma kauwahi. Women i ka ia hope o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana ua pili i ka ili ma luna o pubis a me labia lehelehe.

Femoral-anal permeates loa o na psoas, a i puunaueia i loko o kona mau lala elua - ka 'īnea i a me ka'ūhā. Mea papa hele, ole kāhea maila e like me ka hua nā aʻalolo kauoha ia ilalo, a, me ka spermatic kaula hele ma ka inguinal Canal. Ma ke kāne, ka mea, ua pili me ka Muscle, i mea kuleana no ka hoala ana i ka hua, i kaʻili o ka scrotum, like hoʻi me ka fleshy iwi, a me ka ili o ka ili verhnemedialnoy hip-wahi. Women ka lumbar plexus ua hoonohonoho okoa - ke aʻalolo o kekahi mau me ka poepoe ligament o ka uterus o ka inguinal Canal, a laila, hoouna aku la i ka ili ili honua o ka labia majora.

I ka lua o ka lala o ka femoral keia, he pono ole panina huli ia a hele i kaʻaoʻao o ka mea mawaho iliac artery koke ma lalo o ka inguinal ligament. Aia ma lalo kona nā aʻalolo i hookaawale ai i loko o na lala ka uha ili ili honua.

Ka lua o ka ekolu nā aʻalolo

Aia ma lalo e helu 'ia ma nā mea a pau ekolu nā aʻalolo i ekolu nui lala. Kēia kīloi paʻewa, femoral a me ka obturator nā aʻalolo. Ka papa mua ua aia ma kaʻaoʻao o ka inguinal ligament. Ua hiki ia ma luna o kaʻili a me loko o ka sartorius Muscle, oiai ma lalo o ka connective'aʻaʻa wahī. ʻO nā aʻalolo He kuleana no ka pā lonoaʻili o kaʻaoʻao surfaces o na lākou kīkala he iki ae la trochanteric Hip iwi, a kokoke i ka kīloi paʻewa ili o ka femur.

Hoomau ana i ka wae pono ana i ka lumbar plexus ua hana, ia mea e pono ke hele i ke obturator nā aʻalolo. He hele ia ma ka psoas Muscle, nui kaʻoi loa, ma kona kaʻe, a loko o ka pelvic wahi. E pili ana i ka circulatory'ōnaehana, e hele pu me na oihana a pau a hiki i ka femoral māhele o ka obturator Canal, HEN Intermedia adductors. Ke aʻalolo Ua pili me ka hui o adductors, kukuli iho a me ka hip-ami. Nō hoʻi nā aʻalolo innervates i ka maka o ka waenakonu hapa o ka uha kokoke i ke kuli.

O nā mea a pau femoral lala o ka lumbar plexus o ka nui loa. Ua originates ma ka palena o ka lima o ka vertebra pūhaka i loko o ka inoa ia o ka Muscle olona. Hele ana me ke kīloi paʻewa maka o ka Muscle, ke aʻalolo o lalo ma waena o ka mea'ē aʻeʻelua Muscle pūʻulu: ka lumbar a me ka iliac, e hele ana ma lalo o ka hope iwi.

E hele mai ana ma lalo o ka inguinal ligament, e māheleʻia lumbar plexus nā aʻalolo i lehulehu lala i i pili i kaʻili a me nāʻiʻo o ke alo o ke ki kala, kukuli iho a me ka hip-ami.

hapa o ka pau

Lumbar nā aʻalolo a hāʻule pahū wale i kekahi hapa o ka'ōnaehana i kapaia "lumbar-sacral plexus." Na lala o ka lumbar, sacral, a me coccygeal oihana, ulana pūʻia me ka kekahi i kekahi, e lilo mau iniiaiie plexus: lumbar a me ka sacral. Mai ka mua kau mea kēia manawa maopopo, ka mea hiki ke hoolilo i kekahi ho'ākāka 'ana.

Ma ka ho okumu i ka sacral plexus (plexus sacralis) e kekahi hapa o ka mua lala, a holo, mai ka ha a me ka lima o lumbar a me ka mea mua i kolu o ka lālā sacral spinal nā aʻalolo a hāʻule pahū wale. Hekikai no lumbar plexus ua aia i loko o ka pelvis pololei i connective'aʻaʻa wahī piriformis. Ua ua poe ma ke ano o ka mānoanoa papa o triangular kinona, ka apex o i maka i Subpiriforme slit.

Ke kumu o ka triangle mea e pili ana pelvic puka. I ka Ia manawa kekahi o ka plexus ua aia ma ke alo o ka sacrum, a me ka mea 'ē aʻe - i loko o ke alo piriformis. Ma nāʻaoʻao ka mea, ua hoʻopuniʻia e wehe ai i connective'aʻaʻa. Like i loko o ka lumbar'āina, he mea i haawi i ke kaʻina o nā aʻalolo a hāʻule pahū wale i hiki e nā pōkole a me ka lōʻihi.

Pōkole sacral nā aʻalolo

Pōkole lala nā aʻalolo ho i ke kēia:

• gluteal (luna, a malalo);
• anal;
• maloko obturator;
• ohia-hoʻokino;
• nā aʻalolo huinahalike'ūhā Muscle.

Gluteal nā aʻalolo lumbosacral plexus e māheleʻia i loko o luna, a ma lalo. Me Kinohi mahu me ka gluteal artery Haʻalele i ka ka pelvic lua ma ka puka nadgrushevidnoe. Ke aʻalolo ua pili i ka poe liilii, a me ka meakino gluteal nāʻiʻo a me ka olona, e pili ana i ka fascia lata. Lower nā aʻalolo pu me ka artery e waiho ana i ka pelvic Subpiriforme ma puka, a pili i ka gluteus maximus Muscle. Akā, 'Aʻohe wai iaʻu, mai ia mea, ua pili i ka mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku o ka hip-ami.

Ma ka ia puka Subpiriforme pelvic lua koe ka pudendal nā aʻalolo, ma kaʻaoʻao hoʻi bypasses ka ischium, a hele pololei i ka ischiorectal fossa. Eia ka mea, ua hoʻokaʻawaleʻia i loko o ka lalo rectal a me ka perineal lālā. A, o ka mea mua e paa ana i ka mawaho sphincter o ka anus a me ka loira ili wahi. Oiai ka hope i kuleana no ka innervation o na nāʻiʻo a me kaʻili o ka perineum a me scrotum o ke kāne kino. Iki okoa hooponopono wahine lumbosacral plexus. Anatomia wehewehe aku i loko i ka perineal lala pili me ka labia majora.

Lōʻihi sacral nā aʻalolo

Lōʻihi lala nā:

• posterior cutaneous nā aʻalolo;
• sciatic nā aʻalolo.

Posterior cutaneous nā aʻalolo pau ana na lau i ka pelvis ma Subpiriforme puka, i lalo ma ka sciatic nā aʻalolo. Posterior femoral cutaneous nā aʻalolo kokoke i ka lalo kae o ka gluteus maximus ua maheleia i loko o ka lalo gluteal a me ka perineal nā aʻalolo lālā. I ka lalo lala innervates ka haʻahaʻa lakou kikala ili ili honua.

Posterior cutaneous femoral lala hele ma ka Groove Intermedia semitendinosus a me biceps femoral Muscle. Kona lala permeate fascia lata, a māheleʻia aʻela i uuku mai o ka loko o ka uha, a hiki i ka popliteal fossa.

Sciatic nā aʻalolo welau, he hapa o ka sacral a me ka lumbar plexus, o ka nui loa lala o na kanaka kino a me ka hewaʻiʻo kūikawā noonoo. Ma nā lua Subpiriforme nā aʻalolo Haʻalele i ka na pelvis, pu me nā aʻalolo (haʻahaʻa lakou kikala, ke keka, posterior femoral cutaneous) a me ka sciatic artery, kuhikuhi lalo. Pakike ma ka laina me ke kaumaha daimana-hoʻokino ia ma ke kua o ke kuli, ka mea, ua maheleia i loko o kona mau lala elua: o ka tibia a me ka fibula nohona ma.

tibial lala

Ua Ua kuhikuhi hoʻopapakū lalo i ka soleus golenopodkolennogo Kanal. Ma kona lōʻihi ke aʻalolo i hookaawale ai i loko o ka lehulehu o na lala. i kekahi o ia mau mea e pono ai no ka ekolu-alai ae bipi Muscle, ka mea 'ē aʻe kuhikuhi ana i ka lōʻihi flexor Muscle olona, manamana a me ka nui manamananui. Aia nō ka poʻe i i pili i lalo a me ka'ūhā nāʻiʻo.

Ka loa ikepili koʻikoʻi pau i komo i loko o ka sacral a me ka lumbar plexus, e pili ana i ka mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku o ke kuli hui, interosseousʻili lahilahi o ka lalo,'ūhā, kuʻekuʻe wāwae, pale iwi. Ka nui lala o ka tibial lala ikepili koʻikoʻi o ka medial cutaneous nā aʻalolo o caviar. Ua haalele mai ia lala, a hoouna aku la ma lalo o kaʻili 'ilikai a me ka ulana pūʻia me ka caviar cutaneous nā aʻalolo, i ka huli mai, mai ka, he pono ole peroneal nā aʻalolo.

Ka hopena o ka hoʻokuʻi pū o nā maʻi elua o ke kahua o ka sural nā aʻalolo. He mua paa i kaʻaoʻao o ke kuʻekuʻe wāwae, a laila, holo ma ke kīloi paʻewa palena pau o ka wāwae. I keia wahi mea, ua kapaʻia ka kīloi paʻewa dorsal cutaneous nā aʻalolo kuleana no ka innervation o ka ili, i loko o kēia mau mea.

Total peroneal lala

Ua hele iki aku i ka'ā'ī o ka fibula i loko o ka wahi, kahi a ka popliteal fossa. Hoomau ana me ka lumbar plexus a me kona mau lala, e pono ke kūʻai 'ana i kumumanaʻo ana ma keia wahi i ka hope māheleʻia i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE mau lālā:

• superficial;
• hohonu.

ʻilikai nā aʻalolo e kō ana. He mea kuleana no ka innervation o ka pōkole a me ka lōʻihi peroneal nāʻiʻo. I haalele keia kai, nā aʻalolo hele i kaʻaoʻao hope o ka wāwae, kahi ia i hookaawale ai i loko o ka medial a me ka waena hope ili panina.

Ke medial nā aʻalolo lako ikepili koʻikoʻi ili hoʻiʻaoʻao o ka wāwae kokoke konaʻaoʻao maka, a me kaʻaoʻao hoʻi o ka ili 2 a me 3 o ka manamanalima. No ka cutaneous innervation hope oʻaoʻao surfaces 3, 4 a me 5 hoʻopili like i ka palapala lima cutaneous nā aʻalolo pau ana.

Deep nā aʻalolo komo ka mua puka intermuscular septum tibia, a pu ma ka homonymous artery ke kome ia. nā aʻalolo i hookaawale ai i ka pae ana o ka lalo wāwae no kekahi mau a hāʻule pahū wale i hoʻohui i ka tibialis anterior Muscle a me na nāʻiʻo loa o na manamana. Ka hola ma ka palena o ka mua hana intertarsal nahā i rearmost nā aʻalolo i mau lala i innervate i ka ili honua o ka manamana lima 1 a me ka 2.

pathological wahi, i hiki

Kekahi o ka loa e like me ka maʻi puʻuwai ua luku lumbosacral plexus, a ua pili me ka iniki aʻaihue o ka sciatic nā aʻalolo. Ma keia hihia, no ka nui loa nā aʻalolo ua'opihia, e kauoha ana i ka wāwae o ka eha ikaika. Ua aneane mau ka pathology ia lŘlŘ wale ma kekahiʻaoʻao, a kākaʻikahi ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka mau-kapakahi palapala. Ke kane hapalua o ke kanaka i hana ua ua hoʻopili i ke kaumaha physical hana, mea i loko o ka kiʻekiʻe kamepiula wahi.

I ka lapaau, ua haawiia keia i ka maʻi i like sciatica, ma kaʻike, hiki e hoʻolaha i sciatica , a me sciatica. Kēia inoa hele mai, mai ka olelo Helene, o hua'ōlelo «ishia», a 'o ia hoʻi "noho." Ke sciatic nā aʻalolo ma Roma ua kapaʻia ai - nervus ishiadicus.

symptomatology

I ka papa kuhikuhiE symptom i wahi e hoʻolilo i ka'ōlelo lumbar plexus e ikaikaʻeha lākou kīkala a me nā wāwae, a hiki ana i loko o kekahi mau hoike ana. Pinepine, i ka wa a keiaʻeha mea, no ka ikaika i ke kanaka haalele i ike. Ma nā hihia, i kaʻeha hiki e ke ahi, hou ae la oia a oki ano. Ua mea i hiki symptoms:

• Ka pololei kulana mea,ʻaʻole e hiki ke hilinai aku ma luna o ka poino wāwae a me ka moe ana i ka nana i ka nohoʻana ma kūlana.
• Pain mai ka hapanui i ka po, o ka oi aku e hana i loko o ke anu ino ma hope.
• Ma kekahi mau hihia, o ka pathology ua mua ike ma kaʻaoʻao hope o ka uha, a laila, hele mai ai i ka uha mua a me ka wāwae.
• Inā e lōʻihi e ia i loko o ka ia kulana (e moe ana, e noho ana), ka eha, piʻi pū, ia mea i akaka ma lōʻihi hele.
• Kiheʻana, me ka puʻu,ʻakaʻaka, hoi, hoʻonāukiuki eha.
• Ma ka loaʻa 'ka mea kūpono hoomakaukau ai ma hope o emi koenaʻeha ho'āhewa wale kekahi i ka malo.

Pinepine ae like nō spine lumbosacral plexus i komo i loko o make hewa a me ka hiki ke alakai i gait ka pioloke, a i sweating o na wawae. Oe ke i haha aku i ka tingling a kuni ka waiʻona ma o ka wāwae, a malalo wawae. Pinepine i ka mea ia manawa ma muli o ke ano kukuli mea kokoke hiki ole i ka hoʻohei. ʻO ia ke ke olelo mai e pili ana i na manamana a me nā wāwae, a 'aʻole i ka ao ka.

lapaʻau '

Ho oholo i ka poino o ka sciatic nā aʻalolo e kōkua maopopo lapaʻau kiʻi, a wehewehe i ka hoomanawanui i ka? Eaia i ke kauka. Kekahi akamai, e hai i ka hoʻololi 'ano o ka tendon reflexes, a me ka pā lonoaʻili ma kaʻaoʻao e i ka hoʻomanawanui complains. I kekahi manawa, i ka loiloi mua ninaninau 'Aʻole i' ae i ka pololeiʻike, o ka maʻi i waho. Ma keia hihia, ua pono nā haʻawina, i waena o i mea:

• X-kukuna;
• Me tomography;
• MRI;
• ultrasound;
• radioisotope scan NineManga.com o ka spine.

Ma muli o ke HI, i mea he oi piha X-Ray iaoia, i hoʻololi iki i loko o ka spine hiki ke 'akomi i.

Akā, ma kekahi hihia, i ka wa a keia ao ua contraindicated, ke kauka prescribes MRI o ka lumbosacral plexus.

lapaʻau

E kiʻi pohaku uinihepa, o ka pathology io i kekahi o nā'āpana hana e - makeʻe kulana a operative. Akā, mau hoʻomaka me ke ano mua, i ka loaʻa o ka laulā o kekahi mau hanana. I ka huʻi sciatica paipai moe koena ma luna o ka paa mattress me ka palena iki o ke physical haʻawina a me kaʻai. Oe Pono e hoʻohana mahana,ʻaʻole spicy,ʻaʻole paka a me ka ole Grill, ka hapanui o ke kinowai ai (ʻai nō hoʻi Nā Kopa a me ka waiū porridge).

Uluwehi O lapaau komo ai i ka hooponopono ana o ai ', i hoakaka ia ma ka hele kauka. A hiki i ka eha hoʻomaka e kai, e hōʻike physiotherapy. All kino i wae ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o ka maʻi.