Ant- wao nahele: ma kona ano maoli 'āpana

Ant- wao nahele - i ka nui a me ka anu i loko o ke ao nei, wehewehe aku ka nui fluctuations i loko o ke ana wela a me ka aneane piha e kaawale aku ai ii iai. Ua Ua Aia ma ka hema o ka Honua, loa? Iaeoe? I ka ono o ka'āinapuniʻole - Antarctica.

Cool Honua ka nahele no hoi ia

Desert kanaka a pau evoke ahahui me ka wela, i ka nui aouli o ke one a me ka uuku laau uuku. Naʻe, i loko o ke ao nei, aia no na ano o ke anu - ka mea, 'o ka Arctic a me ke Anuhema waonahele no hoi ia. E kāhea aku iā ia no laila, no ka mea, o ka mea paa hau uhi, a kaumaha hau. Aie i ka mea haʻahaʻa mahana lewa hiki ole aua ona, no laila ia mea loa maloo.

By kimu nānā akula au i mea hoʻomaopopo iā mākou sultry hema, e like me ka Sahara, no laila,ʻepekema, a haawi mai la ia i ka inoa "anu wao nahele".

Cii o ka Arctic a me ke Anuhema nahele no hoi ia - o ka mokuna o ka 'âinapuni a me nā mokupuni a puni ka North Pole (Arctic) a me ka hema (Ant-), e pili ana, niioaaonoaaiii, i ka Arctic a me ke Anuhema climatic cii. Ka mea, i haku o ka hau, a me ka pōhaku i kokoke lifeless, akā, ma lalo o ka hau, kńnaka loaʻa microorganisms.

Antarctica

Ke Ant- waonahele mea 13,8 miliona cubic mika sq., Ka mea o ka wahi o ka hau'āinapuniʻole, i ua aia i loko o ka South Pole o ko ke ao nei. Ma nāʻaoʻao ka mea, ua holoiʻia e kekahi mau moana: o ka Pākīpika, 'Akelanika a me Indian, e haku i nā kapa o ka hau.

Ke Leeuwerikplein kulana o ka Ant- nahele no hoi ia e lilo ai Antarctica, nānā 'ole ma o ka pelapela a āpana wale, akā, i ka mokupuni, Aia a puni ia. Aia ka hoi o ka ke Anuhema Peninsula, jutting mai i loko o ka moana hohonu o ka ia inoa. Ma ka mokuna o Antarctica moe Transantarctic Mountains i mahele i ka'āinapuniʻole i loko o 2 māhele: hikina a me ke komohana.

Western hapalua ua aia ma luna o ka anuu a me ke Anuhema mea mauna kiʻekiʻe'āina o kahi o 5 km. Ma keia aoao, he mau lua pele, kekahi o ka a - Erebus - hana, mea ma luna o ka moku i loko o ka Ross kai. Ma Hawaiian wahi he mau oases, he wahi hau. Mau papu liilii, a me ka mauna i kapaia o nunataks, i ka wahi o ka 40 tausani. M., Aia ma luna o ka Pacific kahakai. Ma ka pelapela a loaʻa mau o ic ?? a me ka muliwai e hōʻike wale i loko o ke kauwela. Totalʻepekema loaʻa 140 subglacial o ic ??. Wale kekahi o lakou, aole ia i pa ahau - Lake Vostok. Ka hikina hapa - ka mea nui ma ka ?? eoi? A me ka coldest.

Mea pōhaku kumu waiwai i mea i loko o ka hohonu o ka'āinapuniʻole: na mea i eliia ferrous a me ka 'ole-ferrous ke hooheheeia, Mika, graphite, charcoal, he mea ike i ka uranium me ke koe, ke gula a me ka diamonds. Ma lalo o nā mea mahuʻi o nā kānakaʻepekema, kanaka hulihonua, eia hoʻokomo kālā o ka aila a me ka kinoea, akā, no ka mea, o ka mea kalakala aniau, hoʻouku kūmole mea,ʻaʻole hiki.

Ant- wao nahele: ke aniau

Ka aoao hema nā moku'āina 'a, ua hanahana loa anu aniau, i mea ku pono i ka ho okumu ana i ke anu a me ka maloo ea lua i pele. Antarctica ua aia i loko o ka Ant- aniau ciia o ka Honua.

Winter mahana hiki ke loaa ole -80 ° C i loko o ke kauwela - -20 ° C. Ua oi oluolu loa kahi e kū nei i ke ana wela i loko o ke kau, kīnā -10 ° C, i mea ku pono i ke ano maoli kŰia i kapaia "albedo" - manaʻo o ka wela mai o ka hau 'ilikai. Ka mooolelo haahaa wela i hoʻopaʻa 'aneʻi i ka 1983, a ua like ia -89,2 ° C.

Ka nui o ke kimu - ka palena iki ma kahi o 200 mm o no ka makahiki a pau, ka mea, iloko wale o ka hau. O ke kumu ho i ka lōʻihi anu, a dries ka ona mau, aʻo ka mea e hiki ai, e hea aku i ka wao nahele, ke Anuhema ma ka driest wahi ma luna o ka Honua.

Ke aniauʻaneʻi o ka okoa: ma ka waena konu o ka'āinapuniʻole emi kimu (50 mm), he anu ka makani ma luna o ka mokuna o ka emi mālama nui (i ka 90 m / s), a me ke kimu mea, ua 300 mm o no ka makahiki. ʻepekema manaʻo i ka huina o ka paʻahau ka wai e like me ka hau, a me ka hau ma Antarctica ka 90% o ka huina honua me ke koe o ka wai.

Kekahi o ka mea nui 'ano o ka wao nahele - he ino. Here ka mea i hiki wale hau, a me ka makani ka mämä holo i ka hehee ai ka 320 km / h.

Ke kuhikuhi ana mai ka piko a hiki i ka pelapela a kai mau ana o ka neʻeʻana o ka holopapa ka hau o ka hauneneʻe o uhai aku i loko o ke kau wela, ho okumu i apana o ka icebergs i 'Aeʻa i loko o ka moana.

I ka nui o ka'āinapuniʻole

Antarctica mea i paʻa nā kupa, e like me ka kūwaho hoʻi ka mea, aole ia i hui ole ia me kekahi moku'āina. Ma ka palena o ka wao nahele Ant- mau mea wale noiʻi wahi kahiʻepekema i komo i loko o ke aupuni 'noiʻi. I kekahi manawa, he mea oo? Enonei-? A nii? Huakaʻi.

Ua hoomahuahua ia ka helu o ka noiʻiʻepekema, e noho ana ma ka noiʻi wahi, i ke kauwela manawa i 4 tausani kanaka i loko o ka hooilo -. wale 1 tausani like i ka mōʻaukala mooolelo, i ka mua noho 'aneʻi, ua Amelika, Norewai a me Beritania whalers, ka mea i noho ma ka mokupuni o South Georgia, akā, me. 1966'ō koholā, oia banned.

Ka holoʻokoʻa ?? eoi? O ka wao nahele Ant- - he icy mumule, hoopuniia e nui aouli o ka hau, a me ka hau.

Ke biosphere o ka hema'āinapuniʻole

Ke biosphere ma Antarctica ua maheleia i loko o kekahi mau cii:

• mokuna o ka pelapela a me na mokupuni;
• ula la aia ae la i ke kai;
• nunataks wahi (mauna kokoke i ke koa "maluhia", ka mauna mau mea i loko o Victoria Land, a pela aku ...);
• hau pepa wahi.

Ke richest flora a? Aaoa mea malina ciia, ma i ola holoholona, a he nui loa ke Anuhema. Ka mea,ʻai nō ma luna o zooplankton mai ka wai kai (krill). Land mammals ma ka'āinapuniʻole mea,ʻaʻole i nā mea a pau.

Ma nunataks a Hawaiian oases hiki wale ke ola koʻohune, lichens a me ka līoho, na ilo, a copepods, i kēlā wā i kēia wā lele i loko o ka manu. Ka loa maikaʻi aniau ciia - ka Ant- Peninsula.

nō honua

Mea kanu Ant- nahele no hoi ia hai aku i ka mea e, he mau miliona o ka makahiki aku nei, i ka wa o ka'āinapuniʻole o Gondwana. Ano ka mea, e kaupalena 'ia kekahi mau laha' o mosses a me lichens, a, e like me nä känaka 'epekema, ua oi mamua o 5 tausani. Nam.

Ma ka flowering mea kanu Peninsula, a puni mokupuni loaʻa, a me ka wai oases ola uliuli-uliuli līoho, a hana i ka pńpa, a hoouhi i ka lalo o ka Reservoir.

Ka helu o lichen? Ueony oia hoi 200 i, a me ka limu hoi e pili ana i 70. līoho nō kāu noho ihoʻoukou i ka maloo, i ka wa a ka hau thawing a me ka ho okumu ana o ka poe liilii, na moanawai o ka wai, a me ka mea hiki ke keʻano o ke kala, i hana ai he ao alohilohi i nunui-i nā pōpō mau kiko i kohu LAWN, mai kahi mamao aku.

Loaʻa wale 2 laha 'o ka flowering mea kanu:

• Pearlwort Quito, no ka ohana Caryophyllaceae. He he mea uliuli a pau i loko o ka "cushion" kinona, hoʻonaniʻia me nā pua uuku o keʻokeʻo a malamalama-yellow Hue o ma kahi o 5 knm.
• Ant- lauoho uliuli mai o ka mauu ohana. Ua ulu i piha lā, ka mea tolerates anu, ulu mai ka 20 knm.

Animals ka hau waonahele no hoi ia

Na? Aaoa o ka Ant- mea ilihune loa no i ke anu aniau a me ka nele o ka ai. Animals noho wale i loko o nā wahi ma kahi e, aia no na mea kanu a me zooplankton i loko o ka moana, a ua māheleʻia i loko o 2 pūʻulu: ano honua kahi a me ka wai.

Lele ana nā mea kolo e ole, no ka mea, o ka mea ikaika anu ka makani, ka mea hiki ole kiʻi aku i ka lepo. Eia naʻe, loaʻa nō oases o lepeta, a me ka wingless nahu a me springtails. Wale i loko o kēia māhele 'āina ola wingless midge, o ka nui loa'āina holoholona o ka Ant- wao nahele - ia Belgica Antarctica ka nui o 10-11 mm o (Hawaii photo ma lalo nei).

Ma freshwater Reservoir i loko o ke kauwela oe hiki ke 'imi i ka haʻahaʻa? Aaoa, e like me ka pono me rotifers, nematodes a malalo crustaceans.

Animals o Antarctica

Ke? Aaoa o Antarctica mea i loa ai i kaupalena 'a me ka mea i hiki maiʻano nui i loko o ka Hawaiian ciia:

• penguins 17? ueony: Adele, imperial listen AL;.
• sila: Weddell (loa 3 m), a me ka cynomolgus predatory sila-leopadi (m ka 4, o kaʻili ua nā pōpō mau kiko), kai liona, sila Ross (hāʻawi vocal);
• Lakou noho ana ma ka moana'ō koholā e hanai ana oia i crustaceans liʻiliʻi, ka iʻa a me ka hau;
• jellyfish nui, hiki 150 kg kino kaumaha;
• kekahi manu Ua noho 'aneʻi ma ka kauwela, e pili ana i ka lālā punana a me chicks: gulls, albatrosses, keʻokeʻo kolea, pelikana, nui lio, petrels,'ākau pintail.

Ka loa 'elele nā holoholona laha' - he penguin, no a ka loa, he pono ole imperial noho ana ma luna o ka mokuna o ka pelapela a. Kiekie, ke hiki i kēia mau uʻi kanaka (160 knm), a me ke kaupaonaʻana - 60 kg.

Kekahi 'elele o ka manu lehulehu - Adelie penguins, i ka mea uuku o ka i ulu mai ai i 50 knm, a he kaupaona no i oi aku mamua o 3 kg.

Ke kaiaola o ka Ant- a me kona ola

Hawaiian hau nahele no hoi ia, a me ka anu wai o ka moana a puni Antarctica, ho i ka ke kaiaola noho ma ka noho meaola e ola 'aneʻi no na tausani o ka makahiki. Ke kumu nui ai o ka holoholona - he phytoplankton.

Aie i ka lalana ana ia ia, a me ka hauneneʻe hau nā paʻi hua ma Antarctica ke kiʻekiʻe a emi ana, neʻe maila kokoke i ke kahakai. Ice shelves e heheʻe auaneʻi i nā, ke kiʻekiʻe oʻilikai i ka lepo, e pili ana i ka oi maikaʻi nā papa hana no ka kanu populations. Eia naʻe, i ka muli o non-kanaka maoli e kanu i? Ueo mea i kāhea ia ma luna o ka'āinapuniʻole.

Ke kaiaola o Antarctica a me ka Ant- waonahele e pono ai, e hoʻopakele 'ia mai kaʻikeaʻana mai o "malihini"? Ueony o ke ola ana, no laila, kela kanaka keia kanaka i hele mai iʻaneʻi i nä känaka' epekema a me ka oo? Enonei-? Alahele OAXA lapaau. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka flushing i wahi, a me ka luku ana o māhele o nā mea kanu a me spores.

I kulike ai me ka 'aelike i kakauinoaia e 44'āina o ko ke ao nei, ma luna o ka mokuna o Antarctica banned koa ana a me nā ho'āʻo ma, ma ka Vol. H. nukelea, radioactive neoneo hoʻolilo. Wale ae noiʻi.