B. lawaiʻa, he Mū Kākela pôpeku: Kawaihae, kiʻi a me ka hana maika`i

Robert Dzheyms "Bobby" Fischer - Mū Kākela pôpeku mai a puni ke ao nei, ka 11th naita i loko o kēia hahau i loko o ke ao nei. Kekahi i waena o kona kānaka apau i mākaukau o ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole a me Introduction e hoʻomākaukau i ka hou 'ano o ka hooponopono manawa ma muli o ka hou ma hope o kēlā me kēia hahau ana. Similar Mū Kākela uaki e kapaia kona inventor - "Fischer uaki". Ka mea, i Palapala Sila Nui e ia i loko o ka makahiki 1990.

Keiki a me ka wa opiopio,

Born lawaiʻa - March 9, 1943. Kona makua kāne i ka lāhui Kelemānia, a me kona makuwahine Hawaiian a me ka poe Iudaio aa. I ka makahiki o nā makahiki, Bobby ola i ka pōʻino mua i loko o ke ola - o kona makua kāne e waiho ana i ka ohana. He hoi aku la i Hawaii, a me ka makuwahine a me nā kamaliʻi neʻe i Brooklyn.

Ka mua hana o ka pāʻani Mū Kākela hiki i ka makahiki o ka eono. Kaikuahine ka mea i ao mai Robert a me James paani ia koke i kekahi o kona kaikaina ka maoli tālena no ka hoʻolālā. Ma hope makahikiʻo ia i mau hou i loko o ka holoholona hihiu o ka Mū Kākela. Loaʻa nui o ka maikaʻi iaiyoe hoʻohana 'ia e aʻo mau' ōlelo (Paniolo, Lūkini, Serbo-Croatian, Kelemānia), a me ka ike o ka haole Mū Kākela moʻokalaleo aʻo Bobby i loko o ka palapala.

mua Competition

E like me ka teenager, lawaiʻa komo i loko o na mea he nui Competition. Akā, i ka mua hopena o ka leo nui i kona lanakila i loko o ka US Junior Championship (1957). A makahiki hope a pau hoalohaloha Bobby me ka inoa o ke kanaka koa o Amerika. Ka mea, ua ka mea mua i loko o ka mōʻaukala o 14-makahiki-kahiko aupuni champion. Akā, i kēia lanakila ka mea, he pono hoomaka i ka mea hou i ko lakou mau kânaka. I ka 1958, i ka makahiki o ka umikumamalima, Bobby lilo ka muli grandmaster i loko o ke ao nei.

A puni ka ia manawa he umikumamalima Fischer, ka Mū Kākela pôpeku a hiki i ka iwi, koe ke kula, e hoʻolaʻaʻia lā iā ia iho i ka loa Mū Kākela. Ka inoa o ka honua champion - ia kona loa nui moe. A Bobby pilikia i ka hele ana a hiki i kēia pahu hopu.

Eia naʻe, ohohia no ka haʻuki ua i kaupalena 'wale i ka Mū Kākela. Kēia hanana ke kanaka i kekahi limahana ma Hana, 'auʻau, eu? A me ka skating.

Ka manawa mua i ka uhai i ka Poʻokela Honua o 'Amelika Mū Kākela Fischer ho'āʻo i ka 1959. He ua kekahi o na i komo o ka hoʻokûkû contenders no ke ao nei inoa i loko o Yugoslavia. Akā, i kēia manawa, ua pilikia ka.

mua hewa

I ka 1962, ka mea e hiki mai ana moho hoʻokûkû paa ma Curacao. Kēia i ka hope hoʻokûkû mua lawaiʻa kaʻoluʻolu o eha-makahiki-lōʻihi. A laila, hou luku aku la ia, hoʻopau i ka ha o ka wahi. Ma keia mea, oia i loaʻa i kona mau kumu a me ka weheweheʻana. He manaoio aku i waena o nā komo ua nui loa âlapa pôhili me, mai ka Soviet Union. A ano o ka hee ana a i ole hiki i ka loi e Loiloi i ke kulana Bobby. A laila, ua ike ia ia mea,ʻaʻole i loko o na nā kānaka hoʻokūkū, a me ka inadequacy o kona akamai.

Ka hooulu ana o ka Mū Kākela 'oihana p

Ma hope iho o ia, ua lanakilaʻo ia i ka moʻo o ka nui lanakila ma ka loa 'ihiʻihi kahua kolepa o, e lilo ana i kekahi o na âlapa pôhili me ikaika loa i loko o ke ao nei. I ia manawa, Fischer - Mū Kākela, i ka aoao i paʻa i loko o Amerika, aneane 100% pau me kona poe e lanakila ana, no hoi Hoʻoikaika i ka ke ano o invincible i loko o kēia sport. Ma ka US Open i ka makahiki 1963, ua lanakila 'o ia me ka pololei result. Iloko o ka manawa mai ka makahiki 1960 a hiki i 1970, e alakai i ke kime o kona aupuni ma ka World nâ pâʻani 'Olumepika,ʻo ia malaila 65 pāʻani: 40 o i loaʻa iâ Gouveia ka 18 lawe mai i loko o ka kauo, a lilo wale 7.

I ke kakahiaka nui seventies, hoomaka ae la oia e hōʻike aku i nā hualoaʻa. Ka aoao a me ka maikai âlapa pôhili i loko o ke ao nei i loko o nā moho Hoʻokûkû 1971,ʻo ia puka 'o ia me kekahi' ano kūkaʻi result - 85% o nā kumu.

Bobby Fischer - ka Mū Kākela pôpeku me ka scandalous pūʻulu

Kēia kanaka i hui i ke nānā makana Mū Kākela, a he kuko, ua akamai a me ka scandalous. He ua mau a me na wahi a imi iho la e kau iho ma luna o nā nā kānaka hoʻokūkū, koi pomaikai. He pinepine hele ai a hiki i kue i ka rula, ka hana lima demonstrative ho'āhewa wale ma luna o ka organizers o ka Competition a me nā kānaka hoʻokūkū. No ka laʻana, me he lālā o Interzonal ma Sousse i ka makahiki 1967,ʻo ia categorically nō ia, ma ke kumu o ka haipule manaoio, ka mea hiki ole paʻa ihoiho ma Friday a me Poaono hiki wale pāʻani ma hope o ka hora ehiku o ke ahiahi. Nā organizers hele aku la e halawai me ia, a me kona haʻalele 'ana o ka ihoiho ma e like me kēia mau koi. Eia naʻe, ma keia o kona "mau manao wale" ole no nae. He hou koi i ke koena o ka aoao ma ka Poaono, hoi, hoomaka iho la wale ma hope o 19,00. Kēia awkward noi, o ka papa, ua hooleia, ma hope a Bobby Fischer, ka Mū Kākela pôpeku me ka scandalous ano, a i "kuha" i nā mea a pau'ē, a mai hōʻike mai no ka ihoiho mau. E like me ka rula, mau aoao nele aku la ia ia, manao iho hoʻolaʻa, ma muli o kona hoole ana e komo hou i loko o ke kahua.

Lawaiʻa hoike poʻokela hualoaʻa, pela hoʻolimalima i ka manaʻo i waena o âlapa pôhili. Akā, i ka mea ia manawa, ka mea, ua pinepine ae la oia hoohewaia no ka i hawawa koʻu, extravagance a excessive koi ma luna o kona kino. Ma fairness mea e e kaulana ia mea, a mahuahua nui koi o nā ana i na rula, a me ka nui o ka uku, ua ka pilina i ka hana o ke kahua ola a me ka pomaikai ana o âlapa pôhili. Ma kekahi, e like me ka hopena o mau noʻonoʻo loi e lawaiʻa i ua hoʻomāhuahuaʻoe i kekahi mau manawa o ka uuku ka nui o ka makana loko o ka Poʻokela Honua. Nā hoapili pinepine haole i kapa ia "mākou hui," me ka ike i kona UOAAaOON i ka Mū Kākela ua mahaloia.

honua champion

Ma ka Poʻokela Honua ń i loko o ka makahiki 1972, paʻa i loko o Reykjavik, ma Fischer hoʻokani me Boris Spassky, ua lanakila 'o ia me ka heluʻai o 12,5: 8.5.

Eo ka ń me Spassky i ka hope kūhelu ń hoʻokaniʻia e lawaiʻa. Lanakila i ka inoa o ka mea hou champion, hoomaka ae la oia e pāʻani kākaʻikahi, a laila wale nō ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa 'aoʻao. Hana ma nui kahua kolepa o ua ole hou. People a puni ia, i kekahi i oi aku aggravation o newfound haʻaheo champion. A ua lōʻihi ka eha, a manao e pili ana i ka manawa kūpono o ka pio alakaʻi ai i ka mea i Fischer - Mū Kākela pôpeku, ka mea hiki ole i hou, e hooluolu i ko lakou mau kânaka he nani loa ka lanakila, ma ka mea, iho mai ka mamao.

No ke aha la e hana ana i ka ÷ ń me Karpov

Loa ma mua o ka ń me Anatoliem Karpovym ke aliʻi koa i waiho aku i ka nui helu o ka olelo (o 64) a hiki i kona hui a me ka hana. Ka hapa nui o ia poe o ka hoʻokahi wale nō mea hiki maoli, eia nae he nui wale ka mea, ua 'ike. He nui iho la ia i ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka laʻana i kekahi o ia mau mea: Fischer koi i ke komo ana i ke keʻena, ma kahi he mea he ń, a pau ka OAXA pana headgear. Aia no hoi ua poe kumu, i mea maopopo ma ka kue me ka hoʻokumu me ka hana pono i ka manawa o keia ano keia ano o ka Competition. A pau i kēia paipai i ke ala B. Fischer, ka Mū Kākela pôpeku, ka poe i ole ae i ka manao o kona make, ho'āʻo i ka loko i ka ń me ka hoa paio i hiki e ikaika ma mua o ia.

Ka papa champion i hoʻokumu i ke kēia mau koi no ka mea hihiu rula: ka mea, e mau mai i 10 eo lealea,ʻaʻole helu kauo; ka helu o nā 'aoʻao ma kekahi alanui e ole e hooponopono; ina ka manual He 9: 9, e waiho ana no ka inoa me Fischer.

I ka ka mea mua i elua mauʻai o ka ń lōʻihi like 'ole ua hiki ole ke kilokilo. He hiki ī hope no kekahi mau mahina, a makemake e unacceptable. Nolaila, he Komisina iloko olaila o alakai hoa o ka piliwaiwai hoʻoholo ihola i ka 6 lealea eo e e lawa. He aha Bobby "hooweliweli" ma ka hoole ana o ka Mū Kākela kalaunu, a me ka ÷ ń me Karpov. Eia, ua i na organizers concessions. Ka helu o nā pāʻani eo i hoala mai ai i ka 9. wale kekahi koi a ua pono ia mea, noonoo absurd a kaulikeʻole, i ole e hālāwai. Mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka bila kanawai. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ina kaʻeleu mooolelo o 9: 8 i loko o ka lokomaikai o Karpov, alaila, e loaa i loko o ka aʻe hihiu ia i maopopo leʻa pono i ka loaa, i ka mea, i ke noi, e ake e loaa o 2 pāʻani oi ma mua o na boa champion.

Ma muli o, Fischer no hōʻole i ke ń, no ka mea, ua nalowale kona Mū Kākela kalaunu. Anatoly Karpov hai champion, a me ka lawaiʻa ka hana no ka lōʻihi manawa kūkākūkā i loko o ka Mū Kākela kaiapuni.

reclusion

Bobby Fischer - ka Mū Kākela pôpeku (e nānā ma lalo Hawaii photo.), O na kanawai hea mai ia he eccentric ano, ma hope o ka pilikia ka külike me Karpov ua hou 'ole i loko o ka kūhelu Mū Kākela Competition. Ua ua ike ia i loko o 1976-1977, oia i hoike i ka makemake, e hoopaa i ka ń me ka boa champion Karpov, a i lawelawe 'ia naʻe ma luna o ka mea. Akā, ka mea, ua i holomua, a me ka halawai i ole lawe wahi. Ua ua i ike i na âlapa pôhili me Enrike Meking, Svetozar Gligoric, Viktor Korchnoi a me Jan Timman, ua i hoihoi i ka lawaiʻa me Loaʻaʻia ka loaʻaʻana, akā, no hoi me ia i nā pāʻani 'aʻole hiki.

Ma ka hopena o seventies, ke kaomi hai ia Fischer hui he haipule, noloko mai "World Church o ka mea nana i hana." Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka nele hopena o ke ao nei, ka mea i wānana kona luna, hele mai o ka papa.

Ka hope makahiki o ke ola a me ka make

A hiki i 1992, Fischer aneane i i hou i ka inoa o ka Mū Kākela i loko o ka ahakanaka. I ka hookahi makahiki koke e like ai i ka manaʻo o ka Yugoslav kalepa moni e pāʻani i ka ń me Anatoliem Karpovym. Fischer loaa ia, akā, e like me ka hoʻomaopopo ma na kiʻiʻoniʻoni, nā haku o ke akamai, ua like kā i ka mea i ka mea, ua kakaʻikahi i loko o nā 1970s, ua hoole mai markedly.

Ma hope o ka lanakila i ukali ia e ke Temepela, clashes me ka oihana auhau, a me ka US State Oihana. Ka mea, ua lawe ia lawaiʻa 'ana i loko o ka ń, hoohaumia i ka wahine embargo, a he loko o ka' auʻa laulā o Yugoslavia, hai ka United States. Nō hoʻi,ʻaʻoleʻo ia i uku auhau ma e lanakila ana. Ma hope iho o ia Bobby i hana ole e like ka ewaewa ole i olelo mai ai e pili ana i ka 'Amelika aupuni. E like me ka hopena, ka mea, i hele mai ia i ka mea i kona palapala holo'āina'ē i ua hoopau. Ka wā ma hope o kaʻoiaiʻo ia e ho'āʻo e kiʻi ai i ka Hui Pūʻia,ʻo ia i hopu, a ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi no 8 mahina i loko o ka hale paʻahao.

Ma hope o kona hoopaaia, i noho i loko o'Āina Hao, ma Reykjavik. Make Bobby Fischer - ka Mū Kākela pôpeku, kona Kawaihae ua piha i na mea okoa a me ka contradictory hanana, mai ka hakuʻala hoʻokō 'ole' January 17, 2008.