Bel canto - heʻano hana o ka virtuoso mele. vocal aʻo. keaka mele ke mele

Lōʻihi laina o ka bila nä hopuna, melodic ala a me ka lokomaikai, kupaianaha leo a me ka hemolele e noho ai o ka maikai o ka virtuoso mele. Ma ka huli ana o ka XVI-XVII kenekulia malaila e mele ana, ke kula, i ke ao nei ae hana i vocalʻano hana i loko o Italy, kahi avid i fanciful hua'ōlelo Italians i ka inoa o Bela canto (Bel Canto) - ". Nani ke mele" Mai Mai exaggerate, omaka i ka hoʻomaka o kēia wā, ke heyday o moʻolelo keaka wale vocals, a me ka wahi ho omaka no hou kūpono 'ana o ke keaka mele' ano moʻokalaleo Ke.

Ke kumu o ke keaka mele ma Florence

Iʻikeʻia i loko o ka manawa au i ho'ākāka 'ia ke keaka mele mua aie lākou hānauʻana i lala o ka uuku pūʻulu o kânaka o kahiko oe, i hanaʻia i loko o Florence, a komo aku la i ka wahine mōʻaukala like me ka "Florentine Camerata." Fans o kahiko Greek pōʻino moe, e hoola i ke kahiko nani o ka 'ano moʻokalaleo, a no ka manao i na nā mea hana keaka mai i blab, a sings i nā hua'ōlelo hoʻohana kikokikona-recitative, melodious leo o ke ala apuupuu hoʻololi.

Nā hana mua kākau i loko o ka moʻolelo o ke au kahiko o Helene nā kaʻao o Orpheus, ua ka impetus no ka hanau ana o ka hou wahine ano moʻokalaleo Ke - keaka mele. Akā, lawelawe 'ana kona hapa o ka' Akelanika vocal māhele (arias), hoʻoikaika ihola ka poʻe mele, e seriously kamaʻilio i ke aʻo leo, a ua i ke kumu o ka nani himeni ana o ke akamai - Bela canto. Kēia hoʻohuʻu ka hiki i ka hooko broaching melodic koena ma luna o ka lōʻihi hanu ana ka malama ana i ka smoothness o ke kani ma kekahi wahine hopuna'ōlelo.

Neapolitan kula

I ka pau ana o ka XVII kenekulia i hana i ka Neapolitan keaka mele moolelo i i hope aponoia ma ke kahua nō o Bela canto. Ua i nā He ulu kumumanao Florentines, a me kona loli. Ma Napela, ka pāʻani i ka papa kuhikuhiE ke keʻena o ke kila mele a me ka mele, a me ka ole poetry, a haawi aku i ka nui kūlana a hiki i keia manawa. Kēia HOU relished i ka hoolohe ana, a kena ae la i ka makani o ke ohohia.

Neapolitan i ka haku mele structurally iho me ke keaka mele. Ka mea, ua i haalele i ka hoʻohana 'ana o nā recitatives, a i maheleia i loko o nāʻano: pu (pu ia e ka Hawaiian Orchestra) a me ka maloo, i loaʻa ka' ike a pau loa i loko o ka conversational ano ma lalo o pohihihi keia harpsichord chords, e malama i ka wahine leo. Vocal aʻo, a lilo OAXA no perpetrators, māhuahua hiʻona o ka 'Akelanika helu, i ke kinona o ka a i kekahi undergone i ka loli. Aia he typical aria, ma a na huapalapala ka hoike manao nui, ma ka pili ana i ka pilikia, aʻaʻole ma luna o ka muli o kekahi kiʻi 'ole ke ano. Kaumaha, buffoonery, pilikino, passionate aria o ka hoʻopaʻi - ka Kalaiaina o ka Neapolitan keaka mele piha i ola maʻiʻo.

Alessandro Scarlatti (1660-1725)

Poʻokela haku mele a me ka enthusiast Scarlatti hele aku la ia ma ka moolelo like o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ke kula keaka mele o Napela. He hana i na hana e oi aku mamua o 60. Ke 'ano moʻokalaleo mea keaka mele (keaka mele seria), hanaʻia e Scarlatti, a me ke kōkua o mythological paha mōʻaukala moʻolelo e pili ana i ke ola o ke kaulana huapalapala. Opera ke mele i uhi mai ia ma ka hana keaka hana laina a me recitatives i UAIAaIN e Aryans.

A laulā huahelu o vocals i loko o ka nui keaka mele hoomaka koi i i ke kulike i operatic leo. Artists hemolele i ke akamai o ka himeni ana, eia nae i kekahi manawa, i kēia alakaʻi i he kūoʻo mea - kela mea keia mea o lakou makemake i ka haku meleʻiʻo i komo i ke keaka mele arias, e pono Ua kuapo i ka pono o ka leo. Ka hopena ua he lākou o unrelated i kekahi i kekahi 'Akelanika, no ka mea, o ka mea la ia mea e like me keaka mele seria "Concert ma ka lole".

Beauty a me ka craftsmanship

Kekahi makana o ke kula Neapolitan o ke keaka mele i loko o ka ulu ana o Bela canto i ka hana i loko o ornamental vocals (coloratura) Jewelry bila koho waihoʻoluʻu. Coloratura arias hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hopena, a kokua i ka Artists, e hōʻike i ka lohe ana i ka nui o ka ona leo. Big Lele, trills, ala papa koa, ka hoʻohana 'ana o ke kaʻina (repetition o ka wahine nä hopuna' ole melodic huli i loko o kekahi? Aaeno? A leo) - pela i mahuahua ai ka expressive koho waihoʻoluʻu hoʻohana ma virtuosos o Bel Canto. Ua alakai aku ai i ka mea i ka degere o ka loea launa 'ole o ka mea hoolea pinepine loiloi' ia e ko lākou pilikia executable coloratura.

Italian bila moʻomeheu nā wahi kiʻekiʻe koi. Ka leo o ka kaulana mele hoʻohanohano ma ka nani a me ka richness o ka leo. Vocal aʻo kōkua hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka hana ana' ana i kūpono, e loaʻa ai smoothness a me kona ÿike o ke kani i loko o nā papa koa.

Ka mua conservatory

Koi no ka Bela canto alakai i ke kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao kulanui mua ma i hoʻomākaukau i nā mele. Orphanages - Conservatory - lilo ae la i ka puolo kula mua o medieval Italy. Bel cantoʻano hana i ao mai ai ia ia ma ke kumu o ka Mohai, repetition o ke kumu. Kēia wehewehe i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā mele o ka manawa. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka mea, e ike mau haku, e like me Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643) a me Francesco Cavalli (1602-1676).

Haumana i haku kūikawā kino, e hoʻoikaika i leo, pepeiao aʻo, a i ia e hou, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ke mele 'ana i kūpono a me ka ulu hanu - nā mākau i mea no laila, e pono ai no ka Bela canto. Ua alakai aku ai i ka mea e, i hoomaka iho nooaai? I 7-8 makahiki i 17 makahiki o ka conservatory pā maiʻoihana hana keaka no ke keaka mele ke kahua.

Dzhoakino Rossini (1792-1868)

Kona helehelena Italian Bela canto keaka mele hoʻoholo i ke kū i ke au o ka? Acaeoey o ka wahine moʻomeheu i loko o ka hope ekolu kenekulia. Hiʻona'āina i loko o kona kūpono 'ana i ka hana o Italian haku mele George. Rossini. Rhythmic ikehu, ninau mai brilliance a me ka agility vocals mai ka waiwai timbralʻano o Artists, virtuosity a loaʻa kekahi mele kula. E like raspevnosti arias a me recitatives i loko o nā hana o Rossini koi piha ka hoʻokô '.

Melodizm Rossini wālua i ke ala panina iā Bela canto, wehewehe aku completeness nä hopuna akahai a me ka maemae ke ea o ka 'elele e kahe ala apuupuu keʻoli (cantilena) a sensuously ke kiekie ardor. Ua mea noteworthy i ka haku mele ike e pili ana i ke akamai o nā kāne mea mele firsthand. I ka wa, oia mele i loko o ka ekalesia papa hīmeni, a me ka adulthood, ma ka hou ana i ka palapala, enthusiastically wahi a vocal nā kiʻina aʻo, a hiki i kākau kekahi mau puke ma luna o ke kumuhana.

nā kiʻina aʻo

Italian keaka mele himeni ana, a lilo iho la ia i ka hōʻailona o ka Europa wahine moʻomeheu o ka XVII-XIX kenekulia, hele aku la i ka hana ana i loea kumu-innovators, ka mea i aʻo mele a ho okolohua me ka leo kanaka, e lawe mai ana i kona leo i ka oo. I ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o kā lākou hana epekema i no ia i loko o ka makaukau o na mele.

I ka noonoo ana o nā kumu i pakele ole trifle. Nā haumana aʻo i nā mea huna o ka noa a me ka maʻalahi mele hanu. Vocal aʻoʻana i ka lōpū kani ka leo, pōkole melodic nä hopuna a ololiʻanuʻu, e ka mea e hiki ai ke hoʻohana i ka olelo ana hanu, wehewehe aku e kokololio a me ka hohonu ka hoʻoulu ukali e he kali hoʻi koʻu exhalation. O ke kino papahana e hanaʻaʻahu kani pōʻalo ma kiʻekiʻe a me ka haahaa? Aaeno?. O nooaai? Mua o ka aniani me ia ma ka laulā maʻamau novice Artists - excessive lehalehu t, ka 'aoʻao a me ka Makamae lehalehu t' aoʻao o kumakaia kāʻili 'ana i ka hana o ka vocal i hoʻomākaukauʻia. Ua Ua waiho e malama i ka noa, ku pololei a me ka hoʻohana 'ana i minoʻaka kani loaʻa i akaka a me ka pili.

New ke mele 'ana i kūpono

Complex vocal, hana keaka a me ka staging nā hōʻike, i o ke kahua ma mua o ka poʻe mele ho'āʻo. Music Hōʻike 'o ka pā ao o nā huapalapala, a lilo iho la i integral hapa o ka nohona ma Waimanalo kiʻi i ka leo. Kēia Ua maopopo nō ia i loko o nā keaka mele o Ioane. John, a Rossini, Verdi, o kona hana ia i ke ala hou ana o ka Bela canto kaila. Panina School ua manaoia oluolu ana o ka Falsetto no ka memo kiʻekiʻe. Naʻe, i ka hana keaka hoowahawaha mai ia i hoʻokokoke mai - i loko o ka'ōlohe wiwo loa o ke kane Falsetto komo i loko o ka aesthetic dissonance me ka mea naʻau 'ia nā pōpō hana. Mua i kela kapa o ka paepae puka o keia leo Farani Lui Dyupre, ka poe i hoomaka e hoʻohana i ke ano o ke kani-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, e kukulu ana i physiological (hou o ka larynx) a me ka phonetic (i ka'ōlelo i loko o ka "mau-hoʻokino" wahi) maomeka no ka hoomalu ana i ka vocal i hoʻomākaukauʻia, a me ka ua a laila ua kapa "Hoano eo". Ua ua ia e hana i ka hapa luna o ka audible huahelu me ka hoʻololiʻana i ka Falsetto.

Dzhuzeppe Verdi (1813-1901)

Nānā 'operatic vocal nō, hiki ole ke circumventʻaoʻao o ka huahelu, a makakū hoʻoilina o ka nui Italian haku mele George. Verdi. He hoopahaohao a hooponoia keaka mele, hoʻolauna i ka moʻolelo Akä naÿe no a me ka manaʻo kū'ē. I ka mua o na i ka haku mele i loko o ka Anoanoaaiii-o ka'āina lā, ke kahua i manao ai a me ka hana ana i kaʻeleu loa. I kona keaka mele Kīwala'ō ia hoʻi a me ka antithesis, kupikipikio Emotions a me Akä naÿe no, hui pu'ōlohe wiwo a me ka mundane. Oia ka hookokoke dictated hou e pono ai no ka vocalists.

Haku mele pilikia o ka coloratura, a'ī maila ia trills, o ka lokomaikai a me ka memo gruppetto i hiki ke lilo i ke kumu no ka keʻoli. Ma na palapala o ka aneane i moemoeā nā mea hoʻonani, noho wale nō i loko o ka Soprano, a ma hope loa iho i nalowale mai ke keaka meleʻai. Men aoao ma ka climax i hooholoia ma ka UPPERCASE_OR ka hoʻohana 'ana i nā hōʻike mua ano "uhi mai ma ke kani." Artists baritone aoao i e ana aʻei ka hana o ka vocal nakeke o ke kiʻekiʻe tessitura (kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻena wahi o ka mea kani-pili i ka himeni huahelu), dictated ma ka manaʻo o ka mea naʻau moku'āina o nā huapalapala. Kēia i alakai ai i ka muli o ka houʻia - "Verdi baritone". .ʻike hoʻokumu Verdi, 26 nani ke keaka mele, i loko o ka hale kiaka La Scala, ia ka rebirth o Bela canto - oe i lawe mai ai i ka manao maikai, e noho ai leo.

honua kaapuni kana

Easy a me ka leo hone vocal kaila hiki ole ke mālama i loko o na palena o kekahi moku'āina. Ma lalo o kona kaʻume i nā huli loa oʻEulopa. Beautiful ke mele hoopio i ka honua moʻolelo keaka wale ke kahua, a alakaʻi ai i ka hooulu ana o ka puolo ma Europa moʻomeheu. Hana operatic kuhikuhi, i kapaia "belkantovoe". Style, kipaku i ka palena o kona palapala noi, a hehi i loko o vocal mele.

Virtuoso e hoʻonui i Chopin (1810-1849) synthesized Polish hoolaʻi poetry, a Italian keaka mele iā Bela canto. Dreamy a akahai heroine ke keaka mele J. MACH (1842-1912) piha belkantovym kaʻume. Hopena kaila ua ai nui i kona aoao ma ke mele i ka oiaio nui, HEN, mai classicism e romanticism.

hui hana 'ike loea

I ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka Lūkini Classics ua lilo he nui haku mele M. I. Glinka (1804-1857). His orchestral palapala - sublimely lyrical, a ma ka mea ia manawa monumental - piha Melodies, a i nānā 'a me ka mooolelo o kanaka mele, a me belkantovaya sophistication o Italian arias. ʻO ko lākou hoʻomaopop 'ana i Cantilena ua like me ka melodiousness ia kaliʻana Lūkini mele -ʻano hōʻoio, a expressive. Ke predominance o ke mele ma luna o ke kikokikona, vnutrislogovye oli (mele accentuation o kaawale syllables), i ka leo 'oe a, e pili ana slowness hoʻoikaika - keia a pau ma na hana o M. I. Glinki (a me nā Lūkini i ka haku mele) strikingly harmoniously hui pu me na mooolelo o Italian keaka mele. Fado, e like me ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni, pono "Lūkini Bela canto" inoa.

Ke repertoire o na hoku

Maikaʻi loa Ikalia Bela canto au i pau ai i loko o ka 20-ies o XX kenekulia. Ke koa, a me ka hoʻokahuli aupuni upheavals o ka mua hapaha kenekulia i kela aoao o ka normative i loko o ka pilialoha keaka mele o ka manaʻo, ka mea i UAIAaIN e neoclassicism, a hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ma ka mau o ka impressionism, modernism, futurism, a me na mea e ae. Aka kaulana operatic leo i i hooki i ka pili ana i na masterpieces o ka Italia panina mele. Art "nani ke mele" brilliantly waiwai A. V. Nezhdanova a me F. I. Shalyapin. Unsurpassed haku o ka himeni ao ao o ua L. Sobinov, a ua kapaia ma hope o ka Bela canto i loko o Rusia. Great Maria Callas (US) a me ka hoʻolilo 'ana o ka "leo o ke kenekulia" inoa nā hoapili Dzhoan Sazerlend (Australia), he lyric ano Luciano Pavarotti (Italy) a me ka unsurpassed nui uila Nikolay Gyaurov (Pulakalia) - kā lākou nō i ka nānā' ana ma luna o noʻeau a me ka aesthetic kumu o Italian Bela canto.

ka hopena

New LIKE i loko o ke mele i ole i hiki ke Pu alohi belkantovoy Classic Italian keaka mele. Young hula imi mai i nā'āpana malamaia i loko o nā palapala o nā haku o ka hala makahiki 'ike ma luna pono hanu, mau hoewaa, kiʻi kaula a me nā intricacies o na balota. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole he palaualelo pili. Mākou ua hoano e hoolohe manawa ala pono ai noʻu e hoolohe i ka laekahi 'ano o ka Classic hana a plunge i loko o ka nui? Aiaiiuie pokole hemolele nō o ke mele. Paha ilaila waiho i hoao e unravel i ka mea pohihihi o ka Bela canto o ka kŰia - ana i loko o ke au pāpā i wahine leo a me kāu mau koho a kane kiʻekiʻe? Aaeno? Hiki e hanau keʻoli kauoha, ola na kenekulia, a huli i ka pololei oe'ōnaehana, e waiho ana i ke kahua no kekahi mau kenekulia, ke aʻo o ka oihana mele.