Biotic aʻe, Maluna o biotic aʻe

Ka hua'ōlelo "biotic" (mai ka Helene - biotikos) translates i ke ola. He mea nui i ka manaʻo o "biotic ololi". Ma ka loa nui ano o keia waeʻano sf Kû ke ka 'ia paha o nā kūlana a me nā mea kiko'î ola hana kūpono i' ana pili i ka nui mana o ka meaola. Ke kaulana Soviet nä känaka 'epekema a me ka zoologist VN Beklemishev hoʻolaha a pau biotic? Aneie aʻe i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE pūʻulu eha:

- topical aʻe - ka poe i pili i nā loli i loko o ka papa wale;

- trophic - kēia mau mea o nā kumumea i emi iho i ka olelo o ka ai meaola;

- fabricheskie - kumumea characterizing fabricheskie ke kamaʻilio ma i kekahi 'ano o ka meaola hoʻohana i kekahi' ano meaola (a me na hapa ona paha metabolic huahana) me ke kūkuluʻia;

- foricheskie - pili i ka neʻeʻana o ka meaola o kekahi ano o ka meaola o kekahi? Ueo.

Nō kāu, i ka hana o nā kumumea manaoia hoikeia i hana kūleʻa ma waena o meaola i loko o ka meakino, a me ke keiki a ka mea mana ma luna o kekahi i kekahi. An nui hoike ana o ka hana biotic ololi o ke ala a pau a pau meaola aloha ia i ke kaiapuni. Keia kanawai ua oi haka hōʻike biotic ? Aneie aʻe.

Ma ke kauoha o ka hana kūleʻa ma waena o meaola, kūhohonu loa 'ia, ka mea, o ka pilina e hiki ke maheleia i loko o nā moʻopuna a me kaʻauhau'ēʻaʻe. Eia hou, i ka hanohano hoahanau intraspecific a me ka interspecific. Ma ka hihia mua, ua noonoo ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN a me kona hopena i waena o nā lālā o kekahi? Ueony, a i wehewehe aku e intraspecific Competition a me ka pae 'ole a me ka nuipa aʻike manaʻo. Interspecies ka pili ma, e like me ka rula, ua nui ka nohona a me ka noonoo i ka loa laulā laulā o ka hana kūleʻa. Mau hoahanau, no ka mea, o ko lākou 'ano, e hoʻolaha i loko o kēia mau' ano:

- neutrality - i kēia 'ano o ka pilina i loko i ka biotic ololi hoʻoholo i ka loa'ākilikai (mai i lawe mai i kekahi pono a ino) ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o meaola;

- sinoykiya - i kēia 'ano o ka pilina, ma a me kekahi' elele o kekahi 'ano o ka meaola hoʻohana i kekahi no ka meaʻai lākou mau wahi i noho ai, me ka haawi ana i ka maopopo ia ia ka poino. Kēiaʻano ua i kapa kvartirantstvom paha cohabiting;

- Competition - keia mea hoʻokahi wale nō antagonistic pili i hana ma waena o meaola i loko o kekahi mau 'kaianoho koholā, a interacting me kekahi i kekahi, a me ia kaiapuni. Aia Ua kauoha paio no "he wahi ma lalo o ka la", no kaʻai, e malumalu ai, a me nā kumu waiwai i;

- mutualism - i ke 'ano o ka interspecific pili ma i ka biotic ololi ke kumu wale "ae pono" ke kākoʻo'-ola ana o ka meaola;

- protocooperation mea he ano o ka pili ma i ke kino, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa no kekahi manawa, hiki ke ola ole kekahi i kekahi me ka poho nui loa aku i kona ola ana;

- ma Commensalism biotic ololi hoʻolako ia i AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o meaola i loko i kekahi o ia hoʻohana he okoa like me ka hale ole ma o na la nui poino. An kumu hoohalike i e ka koʻohune makana i ka nui loa i loko o ka gastrointestinal'āpana o ke kanaka;

- amensalizm - 'ano interspecific pilina, wehewehe aku e ia kekahi AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN, ai ka' ino, kena ae la ia e kekahi meaola i kekahi, ia mea indifferent;

- heʻano o ka pili ma i meaola e ola ana ma ka lilo ana o nā meaola i nā palapala i ka hope, i kapaia parasitism;

- predation.

E like me ka rula, a pau ano o antagonistic kona piko a hōʻoia i ka mālama 'ana o? Ueo populations, a kōkua ma muli o kā lākou mau populations.