Church marquee ma Rusia: ano he kumu hoʻohālike

High, hiki mai kahi mamao hipped luakini e noho ana i ka loa e pono kinona no ka hana i loko o Rusia. ua ola a hiki i kēia lā he nui na kia hoʻomanaʻo i, a nō, heʻe piʻoloke ihola iauaeoia oo? ecia a me kona nani. O ka wahi o ka Kalaiaina i pāʻani i ke kūlana i loko o ka kahiko halelewa a me ka luakini i ole hana no ka nui 'ohi' ia. ʻumikumamāono a me ka makahiki kenekulia i ka loa hoʻomāhuahua ai no ka muli o ka hoihoi 'kia hoʻomanaʻo i. No ka laʻana, Vasiliya Blazhennogo Hale Pule Nui (Hale Pule Nui o ka nonoi aku ma ka Moat) ma Moscow ma Red Square, i kukulu ia i ka 1552, a hāliu aku i kāna nānā aku i ka hopu ana o Kazan. Other halelewa ekalesia Rusia hiki apuepue paʻi me ia ma ka nani a me ke kaulana.

kuhikuhipuʻuone

Ma ka 'ōlelo o nā mea a pau o ia i kūkuluʻia e pili ana i ka ia. Napoo busela, i i kau mea liʻiliʻi octagon - kākoʻo no ka mea octagonal halelewa, piʻi wale ana i ka lani. Aka hoi, kēlā kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone lawe mai i ke kukulu ana i kekahi mea okoa hoi, no ke aha la i elua'ālike luakini. Ingenuity Ua kāheaʻia loa pinepine i loko o ka likeʻole ma o ka likeʻole o nā māhele i loko o ka mea hoʻonani.

Ka makamake nui i hoopaa mai ai i nā mea a pau hipped luakini - i ka wa e kaawale aku o nā kia,ʻo ia hoʻi, ke 'ole holoʻokoʻaʻanuʻu ma luna o ka paia, no laila, ke akea halelewa iʻaneʻane hiki ole. No laila, no keia kumu, ka mea i hele pu ole nui palahalaha pohaku halelewa Hale Pule Nui Hou Ierusalema hoailona. A laila, ka mea i UAIAaIN ma ka malamalama lāʻau a me ka unuhi i ka hao, a me ka luakini kū, hauʻoli kanaka puni.

Papa?

Over ke kenekulia hipped luakini, e halii mai i lohe nui i loko o ke aupuni. Akā, hele mai la ka ekalesia mihi o makua'lii Nikon i ka 1653, ma hope a ke kaila ua me he kapu. Church marquee ma Rusia oki ia e kukulu. Malia paha he outright pāpā i ka hana i ua. Akā, no ka mea ua i kukulu ia ma hope o nā nā mea hoʻololi o Nikon pohaku ekalesia marquee. Ma ke kūkulu'ākau, e hoʻomau e kukulu halelewa ma laau ekalesia liilii, a me ka bele hale kiaʻi e like me ka pau 'ana koe hanohano ma mua o ka Hekikai o classicism.

Eia naʻe, nui mau ola makou mahope o examples o ka lāʻau kuhikuhipuʻuone, halelewa laau ekalesia ma ka hou e komo ai, a haehae, a me ka lāʻau kū-hoʻokahuli aupuni abandonment undergone he nui ke kālā, a kokoke nalowale. Aia mau, nae, hoomalu mokupuni ma ka aina, kahi a na kahiko hale kūʻai. A hiki aku au i hele mai hoʻi i ka hiʻona o Lūkini kaila (huli mai, naʻe, feria), Hip kuhikuhipuʻuone me ka mea i ola ae la ia ia ma ka hopena o umikumamaiwa kenekulia. Eia naʻe, ua nui okoa, mai ko lakou mau mua i kēia mau hale. Halelewa ekalesia o ka 17th kenekulia huli mai e e hiki ole i ka replicate, a oi loa aku hoi i ka loa mua, iʻikeʻia ma ka huli ana o kaʻumikumamālima, aʻumikumamāono nā kenekulia.

mau mooolelo

Keʻano o ka hipped pommel mea kuhikuhi no i ka mea i i kūkulu Lūkini ekalesia i kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka hapanui hoopaaia i kekahi mau hanana. Halelewa ekalesia o ka 16th kenekulia hou a oi hohola hala loa i luna. Russian ekalesia kuhikuhipuʻuone ulu ia, mai na vaults o hoʻololi. Ke kuhiakau i na mooolelo o ka pōhaku kuhikuhipuʻuone me ka mua - lāʻau - ua noho unproven, aʻaʻole he pololei. Ua hiki ke ho oholo wae mai haʻawina o nā hale mua - Church o ka pii ana ma Kolomenskoye (1532 Vasily III) a me ka ekalesia o ka mea mahuʻi o ke Vologda Posada (1493). He ka loa'ōlelo examples o ka hana ana o ka pohaku halelewa ekalesia.

Mea kumu a me ka Ekalesia o ka uwao ana ma Medvedkovo kahi maopopo haʻi kuhikuhipuʻuone kaila me ka halelewa kahi o ka Dome. Kēia luakini ka mea i like loa me ka nui he nui-alai ae St. Basil ka Hale Pule Nui Vasiliya Blazhennogo a me ka mea pono o ka oi kekahi hōʻikeʻano. He hoi loa ano o ka mea kaulana Lūkini hipped luakini: uwao (mamua Trinity) Church o ka Alexander hooponopono (1510), i ka Hale Pule o Uglich "kupanaha" (1628), Moscow ma Putinki hānauʻana o ka ekalesia Virgin.

Medvedkovo

ua kūkuluʻia kēia luakini ma ka kiʻekiʻe lepo, palaoa (iho malaila Znamenskaya ka hooilo ekalesia), i mālama i ka mea holoʻokoʻa ka leo o ka quadrangle, i nā kihi o ka a i pau ma ka mea uuku Dome. Ma ka quadrangle mea he 'ano haʻahaʻa malamalama octagon me ke kumu o ke kuhikuhi mai la lakou pohaku halelewa. Nā huliāmahi o ka quadrangular a me ka octagonal squat, paa a me ka hale lole? Ieoaeunoai haawi i ka hana aloha, a kokoke e lele ana, no ka mea, i ke kiekie o ka halelewa kokoke oi ma mua o ka holoʻokoʻa malalo o ka luakini. Hale ilalo, hoʻopuniʻia e mau papa, a he mau like-Chapel - Nine poe hoike aku ia, a Sergiya Radonezhskogo.

Ma ke ala, no ka manawa mua i loko o Rusia hoʻokahi-hina quadrangular hipped hale i haawiia maiʻaneʻi. Ma ke kuahu o ka hale, ai kainuʻu pū me ka kūikawā mokuna, kona pohihihi nunui-haku mele 'ana ma muli o ia, ua kīkoʻo akula hikina apse o ka ekalesia lalo. Kokoshniki, waiho i loko o lalani ma ka luna o na paia o ka quadrangle, a ma muli ia o ka hale lole, a ma luna o ka ho'āliʻi aku iā haʻi mokuna Ua kuapo pyramidal kūkulu o ka hale, konaʻahaʻaina, wehena i loko o ka lewa, a elevate i ka uhane nani. A luakini, mai ke komohana mai, e like me ka bunk kākoʻo aupuni a pau kaila bele hale kiai, hoomakaukau hou i loko o nā 1840s.

moʻolelo

Pilikia e hiki mai i ka manawa paha e pau ano o maoli au i na ino, uao ai 'ma kaʻauamo, a me ka Swedes, no laila, i ke aupuni, ka manaʻo politika a me ka-yeiiiie? Ana o ka moku'āina i ka hardest. Halelewa ekalesia ma Moscow, a me ka mea a pau aupuni, e kūkuluʻaneʻane malie iho la. Stone hale, e like me ia, oki loa. Wale iwakalua-kumamalima makahiki, Rusia Ua hiki i ka lawa 'ilikai no ka resumption o ka pōhaku kuhikuhipuʻuone. Holo nōhie, ma hope o ka 1620 o ka hale i ka puana mua ano o nā hale.

A nui koke hahai ma ka mihi ana o makua'lii Nikon, ka wā o ka halelewa o na ekalesia hou "pono i loko o ka huakaʻi." Nikon makemake Dome o ka ekolu a elima mokuna. I ka 1655, ma Vishnyaky i loko o ka hana ana o ka luakini ma ka noho luna ana o na makua'lii o na Chapel elua i pau ole pali oia a me ka poepoe poo, eia nae o ka papahana āpau i komo i mua.

Stolpoobraznoe like me ka mua

Here, mua o nā mea a pau aʻu i hana ole i ekalesia mihi a me nā mea a pau i ka mea kahiko, a me ka makemake o nā mea a pau i ka Byzantine makua'lii, me keʻa-Dome mea i manao ai. Oiai ka ekalesia marquee i loko o Rusia Ua oi reminiscent o Western Kokika:ʻano, hooikaika keu aku, hale kiai kuhikuhipuʻuone kia-ekalesia.

No ka laʻana, no ka Ekalesia o Ioanna Predtechi ma ke kauhale o Djakovo (Moscow) a me ka Ekalesia o ka hoopahaohaoia'na i loko o ke kauhale o Ostrov (Moscow māhele 'āina). Ua i kūkuluʻia i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka umikumamaono kenekulia, a me ka ua ma mua ma ka mau kia-type hale halelewa. I hiki ke malama i ka hana a me kekahi o ka loa kaulana ekalesia, bele hale kiaʻi "Ivan Veliky", kūkuluʻia i loko o ka hanohano o Ioanna Lestvichnika ma ka Kremlin i ka 1505.

examples

Launch Podkolokolny me ka pae belfry, kukulu pono ma luna o ka luakini, manao halelewa o ka hale i 'aʻole' aʻohe. Ua ua i loko o ka papa o ka helu ana i okoa kuhikuhipuʻuone pāʻoihana, he ku okoa ana nui i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, a nō loaʻa kokoke manawa Slim stolpoobraznye maha.

No ka laʻana, o ka luakini o ka Uhane Hemolele kaolo (1476, Trinity-Seregio Lavra), Kolomna St. George Bell Tower (mamua, - i ka luakini o Arhangela Gavriila, 1530 makahiki), i ka Ekalesia o St. Simeona-Stylites (Danilovsky hoailona, Moscow, i ka 1732, kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka puka Hemolele), elua i ka puka o ka luakini i loko o ka Donskoy hoailona, i ka ekalesia o St. Seregio o Radonezh (Novospassky hoailona bele hale kiai), i ka ekalesia Feodora Stratilata Hemolele koa kaulana (Menshikov hale kiai, Moscow, ka umikumamaiwa kenekulia) a me na mea e ae.

hōʻailona

Stone HIP kuhikuhipuʻuone mea like i loko o shape laau, i kēia kaila prevalent, mai ka wa kahiko a hiki i ka keia lā. Uaʻikeʻia, e like me nāʻoihana aliʻi, pono ma Eia kekahi laʻana o ka wahie. Eia naʻe, ina no mall kumu Dome halelewa i auou caiaiai ma ka hana ana o ka hale i hanaia o ka lāʻau, i ka hana pohaku hiki ole e pili ai me ka manao. Kaupalena naʻe, ka mea, ua i ka makemake e hoolilo aku i kekahi kiʻi - conviviality, hooikaika i luna. 'Aʻole wale nō i loko o ka mokuna akā, i loko o ke kapikala, elongated silhouettes o ka laau luakini, he mau loa hookipa ana, a ua pâʻani' o ia mau i ke kūlana alakaʻi o.

Ma ka HIP kuhikuhipuʻuone hoʻolako i ka hohonu semantic haawe ana: keia mea i ke ala a hiki i ke aupuni o ka lani, a me ka pili ana o ka huinahalike (ka hana honua) me ka kaiapili (hōʻailona o ka loa). Poi - ka huinahalike, symbolizing ka honua, octagon - a pau mau mea o ka lewa ma luna o nāʻaoʻao o ke ao nei, eia kekahi heʻewalu-kuhikuhi mai la lakou hōkū like me ka hōʻailona o ka Malia Puʻupaʻa la, a me ka walu o ka lā - nā kapu helu o ka wā e hiki mai kenekulia. Halelewa o ka ho'āliʻi aku iā haʻi luakini - heʻohana kiʻi ala forefather Iakoba, i ke ala a hiki i ke Akua.

Kolomenskoye a me Alexander Sloboda

Trinity Church o ka Alexander hooponopono (e - uwao) - hale alii o Prince Vasily III luakini. I pili i ka lā o ke kapili no ka lōʻihi manawa, he mau hoa pāonioni ma, akā, nā noiʻi Hoʻouna 'ia i ka 1510. Prior i keia, i ka hale lole ekalesia loa mua i noʻonoʻo i ka pii ana ma Kolomenskoye (1532), a ua i kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka mea hookahi luna nui.

He oiaio no, o ka mea nui loa masterpiece, akā, ka mea, ua i ka mua. Ua kūkuluʻia nā hale i loko o ka mō'ī i ka Manor pehea iki courtiers. A me ka pii ana lilo i kia hoʻomanaʻo i loko o ka hanohano o ka hanau ana o ka hooilina - i ka nui o Ivana Groznogo. Mea nana i hana i ka mea kupaianaha Ensemble i loko o ka Alexander hooponopono ua noʻonoʻo i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o Italy - New Aleviz, mea kākau o ka mea mahuʻi Church, hoi, o presumably ka Italia - Petroc Minor.

St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo

No keia mea he nui oo? Attraction ole wale ma Moscow, akā, i ka pau aupuni, i kēia hale lole ekalesia Pono e hōʻike nui au mamuli i hiki. Kazan Khanate Ua hee, a ua hanaia i loko o ka hanohano o keia kia hoʻomanaʻo, a hiki i kēia lā mea he hōʻailona o Rusia, a me ka unsurpassed kia o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone. Hale Pule Nui o ka uwao ana ma ka Moat i kūkuluʻia eono makahiki (mai 1555), a ua huli unusually, a hiki ole ma ka honua maikai. Mua, e neo? Aaiiai? Ka Trinity Church, a me nā kūlana pale moat ma ka Kremlin, a ua piha wale i ka 1813. Ma kona wahi ka manawa he necropolis a me ka Ilina o.

Owai ua Vasiliy Blazhenny, kanu pono e hiki mai ana ma Trinity Church ma ka Red Square? Keia Moscow whacky, hāʻawi me ka haawina o ka clairvoyance, nāna i wānana nui au i na ino, a me ke ahi nunui i ka 1547, ka wā i puhi aku ai kokoke i ka pau ana o Moscow. Iho Ivan Grozny koʻi kaua a me ka makau o Vasiliya Blazhennogo, i mea no ke aha la lakou i kanu lakou ia ia me ka hanohano, a me kaʻulaʻula lilelile nani nui ua. Eia hoʻi, he helu koke waiho i ka luakini, a i hope Neʻe i ka mana o clairvoyant mea naaupo, no ka mea, o kona lua kupapaʻu koke ma hope o ka hoʻolewa, hoomaka ae la na hana mana - e ho'ōla kanaka, e nānā, i ka oopa i ka hele, a ku mai lolo.

O ka lanakila ewalu

Kazan hoomaka ae la i ke kai eʻe, a pau i loko o ka lanakila no ka manawa mua, nō kāu Lūkini ma keia wahi ua loaa ia pio ma hope pio. Ivan i ka mea weliweli loa ia i ka hoʻohikiʻana - ina e haule Kazan, kau ma luna o ka Red Square o ke Kiure luakini ma ka hoomanao ana i ka lanakila. Aʻo ko ka olelo hoopomaikai loa.

Ke kaua ua lōʻihi, a ma hope o kēlā me kēia lanakila o Lūkini i na mea kaua i kūkulu aʻe i ka Trinity Church ka ekalesiaʻuʻuku i loko o ka hanohano o ka haipule kona lā i coincided me kona pulakaumaka nui. Ma hope o ka lanakila hoʻi o Ivan Grozny, kahi o ka ewalu hou laau ekalesia hoʻoholo e kau mai i ka nui pohaku - ka loa kaulana ia no ka nui loa kenekulia.

Legends

Beautiful luakini, e uhau ana i hoʻolimalima i ia i ka nui loa o keʻano o ka moʻolelo i lawe mai na mea a pau iʻaneʻi mea pono,ʻaʻole hiki. Mea maʻa mau, ke alii Ivan ka weliweli hoolimalima mau haku Barma a me Postnik Yakovlev. I mea ka mea, ua hoʻokahi kanaka - Ivan Yakovlevich Barma ma ka inoa, akā, inoa kapakapa ke Aku. Aia ka he moolelo i ma hope o hoomakapoia ka hana o ka mō'ī nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone no laila, i ka mea, aole loa a me ka wahi mea i kekahi mea hou nani ua i kukuluia keia luakini. Ehia na hana o ke akamai o keia Kaao ua palapala! Eia naʻe, ia mea ole.

Aia mau palapala, a me ka loa i ka helu nui, ma hope o ka Hale Pule Nui o ka uwao ana Aku kūkulu i ka Kazan Kremlin. Po mea hiki e nani, paha, akā, wahi'ē aʻe. O ka holo ana,ʻaʻole e like me St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo, i mea kū hoʻokahi, akā, i ka hana nui o ke kuhikuhipuʻuone. Eia hou kekahi, ka mea i ikeia i loko o ka lima o ke Aku kūkulu o ka Annunciation Hale Pule Nui (Moscow Kremlin), mea mahuʻi Hale Pule Nui, St. Rotehama Church (Sviyazhsk - nā), i ka Ekalesia o St. John no Bapetite ma Dyakovo. Ua hana nui ma hope All mau maha.