Dzhonson Semyuel: A Kawaihae, hiʻona makakū, hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo

Semyuel Dzhonson - English manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni, biographer, essayist, haku mele a me ka lexicographer. Ua Ua manaoia kekahi o na huahelu nui o ke ola a me ka moʻokalaleo o ka XVIII kenekulia. Kekahi kumu no ka hiʻona, i keia la ke nânâ i Semyuel Dzhonson, - kaha puana'ī o ka mea kākau moʻolelo.

maʻamau vitae

Dzhonson Semyuel i hānau i loko o ka moku'āina kulanakauhale o Lichfield, ma Staffordshire, ma Michael Johnson 'ohana i komo i loko o kuai buke a me ka kālana, a me Sara 18 September 1709. Makua (a ma hope o kana keiki) ua prone i bouts o maaweawe, akā, i kona manao: ma ka manawa o ka hanau ana o Samuela, hookauwa aku la ia me ka makai nui. Dzhonson Semyuel ua he maimai keiki, a i ole manao e ola. I ka 1711, i ka makahiki o nā makahiki, ka mea, ua kokoke makapo, hapa 'ia' kuli, e loaa ana mai ka scrofula a me ka tuberculosis, ua laweʻia e ka Queen Anne a hiki i ka kekahi ma kona nano hoola iho la ia i ka poe mai. Akā, kupaianaha ho'ōla, naʻe, i ole hiki mai.

I ka 1716-ka m Johnson, ikepili koʻikoʻi, clumsy, aʻaʻole ma ko lākou mau makahiki, i heluʻia i loko o ke kula Lichfield. Ua Ua alai ai ma ka hoʻonaʻauao aku i akā, ikaika Dzhon Hanter, i kui lakou i ko na haumana, i ka mea e, ma kana mau olelo, e hoola ia lakou mai ka olokea. Hope o Samuela Hoopaa loa ia ina oia i ole, ua hahauʻia,ʻo ia makemake ole i loaʻa i kekahi mea. Eia naʻe, ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o Hunterʻo ia i aʻoʻia he Roma, a Helene, a hoomaka ae la kākau poetry. I ka 1725, i ka makahiki o ka 16 makahiki, mahina eono, he moku'āina Johnson i kipa i kona hoahānau Korenelio Ford, Ka Uluwehi O Ke a me ka ulupaia mua kumu i loko o Kamepelika. Aiaʻo ia i aʻo mua o ke ola o ka 'imi naʻauao a me ka palapala, ai' honua.

e pakele ai

I ka 1726, ua puka 'o ia mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe, a hele aku la i ka hana i loko o kona makua kāne bookshop. I ua he kuhihewa. Ke ola ana o Samuel Johnson i loko o ka mau makahiki e hiki mai ana ua olioli ole, akā, i ka mea ia manawa, hele aku la ia eagerly a Mahea aʻo Pelekānia a me ka panina moʻokalaleo.

I ka 1728, a me ka uuku hoʻoilina o kanaha paona haʻaleleʻia e kona makuahine ma hope o ka make ana o kekahi hoahanau, oia palaka komo ma Pembroke College, Oxford. Aia, aka, ua hikiʻole i ka hoolako ia lakou iho me ka lawa ka ai, no ka mea mea, a no na makahiki e hiki mai ana. Ua hoomaka iho la no hoi e hoike mai i na hoailona o ka maaweawe mea e holoholo ai iā ia no ke koena o kona ola. E like me ka hopena, e uku iki noonoo ana i kā lākou mau haʻawina a me ka 1789, ia mea paʻakikī mau naau, a ua hune, e hoʻomau lākou hoʻonaʻauao, aole ia i waiho Oxford, me ka loaa ana o ka palapala puka.

Ka mua puke

I unuhi 'ia mai ka Roma "Mesia" Pope, Johnson i i kona haʻawina, Ua paʻiʻia ma 1731, akā, ma ka manawa o ka poe ilihune, i ka aie, kaumaha, hapa' ia 'makapo a me ka kuli, scarred ma scrofula a me ka puʻupuʻu Samuel makau no kona sanity. Eia hou, ma December o ka ia makahiki i make ai i kona makua kāne, i bankrupt.

I ka 1732, Johnson loaʻa ka doorman 'oihana i loko o ke kula kiʻekiʻe Market Bosworth. I loko o ka makaikai ana i Paminahama, oia halawai me Genri Porterom a me kana wahine, Elizabeth. ʻO kēia ka makahiki, e moe ana ma ka moe i ka manawa o ka mea e hiki mai ana o Laamaikahiki i hou hoa o Samuela dictated XII Pelekania hoʻokolohua o ka Farani unuhi o ka puke "Holoʻana i loko o Abyssinia," kākau i loko o ka XVII kenekulia. Pukiki Jesuit. Lilo mai ia i paʻi puke mua, a me Johnson la elima Guinea no ia.

mare

I ka 1735, i ka makahiki o ka iwakalua-kumamalima makahiki, Johnson mare i ka wahine kāne make 46-makahiki-kahiko Elizabeth kiaipuka. A uku aku ai, o kana wahine, a ua like me 700 paona, Samuel hoʻokumu i ka paulele i ka hoʻomana kula kēia kokoke Lichfield. Mawaena o na haumana, o David Garrick, ka mea i lilo i ka Mea Keaka loa kaulana o kona manawa, a me ka pili hoa o Johnson. By 1737 Academy hele bankrupt, a me Samuela hoʻoholo i ka hana i ka waiwai i loko o ka palapala, ai 'kula, hele aku la ia i London pu e Garrick.

hanaia'na

I ka 1738, oiai e noho ana ma London ma abject ilihune, hoomaka ae la Johnson e kākau no ka "Pai o ke keonimana," Edvarda Keyva. Aiaʻo ia paʻi "London" - Mohai o Juvenal ka satire ma decadence o kahiko Roma, no ka mea, i loaa he umi Guinea. Eia hou kekahi, a huiʻo ia me Richard Savage, kekahi Hune haku mele me ka dubious kūlana.

Ma waena o 1740 m + a me ka 1743 m, ka mea, ua hoʻoponoponoʻia e hoopaapaa hale kanawai "Pai keonimana". Makahiki ma hope, ua mahalo ia no ka hoike ana i kaulike.

I ka 1744, Richard Sevidzh make i loko o Bristol o ka hale paʻahao. Johnson kākau ihola "Savage Life" He kupaianaha no kona pono portrayal o ka ikaika a me ka nawaliwali o ka mea'ē aʻeʻano. Ke huahana ua ka mua Ana Aina, kākau moʻolelo, o Laielohelohe i ka noonoo ana o ka heluhelu lehulehu.

I ka 1745, ua paʻi "Heʻano o nā loina e pili ana i ka pōʻino" Macbeth. " ʻO kēia makahiki,ʻo ia pūlima i ka aelike me ka pae ana o ka luna hoʻopuka, a hana i ka 'oihana nui o ka i hoʻouluulu i ka puke wehewehe'ōlelo o ka olelo Beritania, i ka ua paʻiʻia ma Farani lala he kanaha o ka Palani Academy. He huli me kona "Plan hua'ōlelo" e helu Chesterfield, akā,ʻo ua loa mediocre pūpanapana. Ka hopena ua ke kēia ho'ākāka 'ana Johnson hua'ōlelo "haipule": "' O kēia ka mea nāna i kōkua, e kokua a me ka malama. I hookuu ia mea i ka manaʻoʻino i kākoʻo haughtily ma ka hoʻi no ka malimali. "

I ka 1748 a me eono mau kōkua neʻe i ka hale nui ma ka'auwaʻa Street Johnson, a la hana ma ka compilation o ka puke wehewehe'ōlelo. I ka 1749 ka mea iʻikeʻia i kona maaweawe hana "lapuwale o ke kanaka i manao ai," Garrick a me Johnson i ka pōʻino o ka "Irene" ma Drury Lane.

Ma waena o 1750 a me 1752 makahiki no elua pule, oia ua hana elua haneri oi ma mua o (essay) "Rembler". I ka 1752-ka m kana wahine make. Mau makahiki ma hope, Johnson hoi i Oxford, i kona wahi i halawai ai me Thomas Wharton, i ka wā e hiki mai haku mele laureate. ʻO kēia ka makahiki, a me ke kōkua o Uortona Semyuel pakele ka papahelu o ka haku o ka ma Oxford. I ka hookahi makahiki i kona nui English Dictionary i hope pau, a paʻiʻia, aʻoiaiʻo ia ua no ilihune loa, me kona mau palapala, ai 'kaulana i definitively hoʻokumu. I loko o kēia wā, ua lilo ike lea ia me ke keiki Iosua Reynolds, Benneet Langton a me Tofamom Boklerkom.

I ka 1756, Dzhonson Semyuel kākau ihola, "nā noi no ka hou paiia o Shakespeare", a, nae, i hōʻike mai a hiki i 1765. He i hoomau i kona hana me he kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa, ka luna hoʻoponopono a me ka compiler prefaces. Ia ia i hopu no ka aie, me ka uku pānaʻi i Semyuel Richardson. Ma waena o 1758 a 1760, ua palapala mai i ka moʻo o ka pepa (essay) "Bummer." I ka 1759, o kona makuwahine o Sara make, a me ka noho ana ma ka gloomy naʻau i loko, palapala iho la oia i ka pono ma na olelo lapuwale "Rasselas" e uku, i mai la oia, i ka hoʻolewa.

hoi aku

I ka 1762, ma hope o kona ka piʻiʻana a hiki i ka noho aliʻi o King George III, Semyuel Dzhonson, kona puke e nui makahiki i hoihoi ole mai au ia ia i kona makemake, e loaa i ka hoomau ana o 300 paona o ka makahiki. Naʻe, i ka hookohu o ka alahao keena hookipa, hale ua nui pioloke, no ka mea, ua i kākoʻo iā ia, no ka Tory aoao, a, hoʻomanaʻo i ka hainā a me ka Whigs, ho'ākāka 'ia i ka hua'ōlelo "hoomau" i loko o kona puke wehewehe'ōlelo like "uku i na kauwa no kumakaia i kona aupuni." No ka mea manawa mua,ʻaʻoleʻo ia i loko o kona ola, hoʻoikaika ihola e hoola i ka mea e pono ai, a eia nae o kona ike ua mea kupaianaha, a me inevitably ino-kālai,ʻo ia lilo kekahi o ka loa kaulana i loko o ka malu kiʻekiʻe o ka palapala, ai 'liona. A i kekahi mau o ka Haawina Mua O Ka hālāwai mai me ia ma ka palapala, ai 'ahiahi, kaheaia kähähä strangeness o kona mau huahelu, me he mea i kekahi ano o na kupu nui mai na wahi nahele no hoi o Aferika, Johnson i ike ia oia tamed, a hiki keʻo Kūhiō.

I ka 1763, oia mua halawai James Boswell. I loko nō kona Hawaiian kêia kanaka (Johnson kānalua Hawaiian - ma keia hope i kona kaulana i ka ho'ākāka ': "ota - ia ka hua liilii, a ma' Enelani e ai lio, a ma Kekokia na kanaka"), ka mea, e a pomaikai i kekahi i kekahi. I ka 1764 ka mea, ua hookumuia oia "ka palapala, ai Club" kona mau lala ka i Reynolds, 'Edemuna Burke, Garrick, Boswell a me Johnson.

Samuela i ka 1765 ma lalo o kona editorship paʻi Shakespeare me ka nui a me ka insightful foreword, a loaa ka honorary Kauka o Law Sciences ma Trinity College ma Dublin. He halawai pū ai me ka waiwai Henry, a Esther Trail, a e pana aku au i loa o kona manawa ma luna o ka mea e hiki mai ana heʻumikumamāono makahiki (hailona no e kamailio ana, akā, e hana i ka ikiʻike hoʻokumu). Johnson hookahi Hakau: "Free kākau wale chumps."

I ka 1769 Boswell, e lilo ana i ka loio i loko o Edinburgh, mare, a noho i loko o Kekokia a 1772 la. Ma waena o 1770 a me ka 1775 Johnson, kuu i ka moʻo o ka ikaika, akā, characteristically categorical kālai'āina pepelu. Ma 'Aukake 1773, naʻe ka mea, ua mau hoʻowahāwahā Kekokia, o Samuela i ka Haliʻaaʻela ka manaʻoo mākou huakaʻi i Boswell ma ka Hebrides. Ma July 1774 Johnson Trail hele i Wales. I ka hookahi makahiki, Oliver mea hana gula, kekahi o na mau wā, ka mea ana i mahalo nui, i ka make, a me ka mea kākau manaʻo, he weliweli pohō.

Semyuel Dzhonson Patriot

A laila, ua palapala mai i ka pepelu "Ka Patriot", i nema aku i ka mea, nana aku la au e like me ka wahahee patriotism. Ke ahiahi, April 7, 1775, oia famously mai la ia patriotism o ka hope puuhonua o ka scoundrel. Kue i ka mahaloia manaoio, keia olelo pili ole i ka patriotism i mau, akā, no ka hewa ana o ka makahiki, John Stewart, Earl o Bute a me kona poʻe kākoʻo a me ka poe enemi, e pāʻani ana ma luna o kona mau 'ole-English kumu. Johnson kū'ē i ka pakiko-kukalaia Patriots i mau, akā, mahalo i ka "oiaio" patriotism.

hoolapanai

I ka 1775, ua paʻi i kona "Holoʻana i ka Western Islands o Kekokia." I ka hookahi makahiki, Johnson loaa kekahi honorary degere, mai ke Kulanui o Oxford, i pono me ka Trail kipa France (i loaʻa i ka ino Kekokia). Samuel lawe wale reacted i kaʻOiʻenehana American, hōʻike no ke kipi colonists like "me ka heihei o convicts." I ka 1776, kona la e hele ia Oxford Boswell, Ashbourne a me Lichfield, ma ka ua bareheaded ku ma ke kuai huinahalike i loko o ke alo o ka hale, a neo? Aaiiai? I ka poʻokela o kona makua kāne, e malama pono ana i ka " 'aʻe' ana o filial piety" hana 50 makahiki aku nei. I kēia mau lā ia i na hale o ka Museum o Samuel Johnson.

Ka hope makahiki o kona ola

I ka 1778, ua loaa iho la i ka 24-makahiki-kahiko Fanni Berni, koke lilo i ka holomua mea kākau "Evelyn". ʻO kēia ka makahiki, David Garrick, he haumāna kahiko o Johnson, a me kona pili hoa, make iho la, a me Samuʻela i hou naueue. I ka 1781, ma hope o ka lehulehu ākea o ka puke "ola ana o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia haku mele o", make Genri Treyl. Aku la o Samuela ia Bateseba i kana wahine kanemake, a ia hele ana, e mare me ia. I ka 1783, nae, hoomaka ae la e deteriorate, a me kona ola ia i ae mai i ka hahau ana. I kekahi makahiki, he uuku loaʻa hou, wāwahi me Mrs. Trail kona manao e mare Gabriel Piotstsi kona wa i hoike.

Dr. Semyuel Dzhonson, ka mea i poino mai ka gout, asthma, edema a me ka nani, ike i ka makau o ka make, i lilo ai, e loaʻa iā ia, akā, hālāwai maila me ia bravely like hālāwai a pau na ke kālā i loko o kona ola. December 13, make aku la ia ma ka makahiki o ka 75 makahiki. He Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o Westminster Abbey ma 20 December.