Mea kākau Fransua Rable: Kawaihae a me na hana

Fransua Rable (makahiki o ke ola - 1494-1553) - ike humanist mea kākau mua mai Palani. He loaa nā hualoaʻa a kaulana i ke aloha i ka puke "Gargantua a me Pantagruel". Kēia puke - he encyclopaedic kia o ka pakebona ma Farani. Hoomalau ana i na asceticism o ka Middle Ages, hoʻokaeʻili a me ka bigotry, Rabelais ma ka grotesque kiʻi o ke ano, lana ma nā loina, hōʻike mai ka humanist ideals ano o kona manawa.

kahuna Trees

Rabelais Ua hanau ia ma Touraine i ka 1494. Kona makua kāne i kekahi waiwai landowner. Around 1510, Francois lilo i novice ma ka hoailona. He lawe i hoohiki ai i ka 1521. I ka 1524-mika i loko o Rabelais i confiscated Greek puke. Ka mea i Orthodox theologians i ka laha ana o Protestantism hana kupua o ka Helene 'ōlelo, ua noʻonoʻo heretical. Oia e haawi mai i ka manawa e hoakaka i kona Kauoha Hou. i Francois, e hele i ka Benedictines, oi tolerant ma keia manao. Naʻe, i ka 1530, ua hoʻoholo ihola e waiho iho ilalo i ko lakou hanohano, a ke hele aku i Montpellier e noiʻi i laau lapaau. Here i ka 1532 Rabelais paʻi i nā hana o Galen a me Hippocrates, ka mea kaulana healers. Nō hoʻi, ma Montpellier ka mea, he mau keiki mai o ka wahine kāne make. Ka mea, Ua legalized i ka 1540, he edict o Pope Paul IV.

'inikua ha awina

Rabelais Ua 'ae' ia e ka naita ma kahuna i ka 1536. He hoʻomaka hou aku lapaau. François i ka 1537 ua lilo i ka 'inikua kauka, a haʻi'ōlelo ma luna o ka' epekema ma ka Kulanui o Montpellier. Eia hou, oia ua i ka pono'ī kauka i Cardinal Jean Du Bellay. Rabelais palua kii onohi i ka cardinal ma Roma. Francois wa e ola ana patronized e influential nā loea kālai'āina (M. Navarre, G. Du Bellay), e like me kula kiʻekiʻe 'clerics mai o ka Liberal (KS). Ua hoolaia Rabelais ma keʻano o nā nīnūnē e hiki ke lawe mai i ka puke o kona puke.

Ka puke "Gargantua a me Pantagruel"

Rabelais loaʻa i kona oiaio ana i ka 1532. Ike lea i ka "hanohano puke o Gargantua", François hoopukaia ma ka Mohai o kona "mau" o King dipsodov Pantagruel. Ka lōʻihi inoa o na hana o Francois i hali i ka inoa o ka Haku Alcofribas i supposedly i kākau i kēia puke. Alcofribas Naze - he anagram haku o ka palapala o ka i kapaia, a me ka inoa o Rabelais. Kēia puke ai ua hoohewaia'ku e ka Sorbonne no obscenity, akā, me ka hoolohe oluolu ia me ka ohohia. Ka kakou kamailio ana o na kanaka nunui i loaa na mea he nui.

I ka 1534, i ka humanist Fransua Rable i hana mai i kekahi puke me ka like lōʻihi inoa, a wehewehe e pili ana i ke ola o Gargantua. Kēia hana e hahai i ka ke kūpili o ka mea mua, e like me Gargantua - ka makua kāne o Pantagruel. I ka 1546 ua kekahi, i ke kolu o ka puke. Ua Ua kakauinoa ia mea,ʻaʻole he pseudonym, a me kona mau inoa Fransua Rable. Sorbonne i hoohewa ae ai i keia hana no ka hoʻopiʻopiʻo. Kekahi manawa, ua, e hūnā mai ka hoomaau Fransua Rable.

Kona Kawaihae paha ma ka puke ma ka 1548 o ka ha o ka puke, mea,ʻaʻole i paʻa. Full manaʻikeʻia i loko o 1552. I keia manawa e hoahewa ana i ka Sorbonne i i hooki. Kēia puke hele mai pāpā o hale kanawai. Aka hoi, i ka moʻolelo i Hamau i ka influential hoa o Francois. Hope, o ka lima o ka puke i hele mai i loko o 1564, ka mea kākau o ka make ma hope. Ka hapanui o noiʻi hoole i ka manaʻo i ka mea e e komo i loko o ka hana o Fransua Rable. Loa paha, oia mooolelo ka storyline i ana kekahi o kana poe haumana.

akaaka puke noiʻi kūʻikena

Roman Francois - he maoli puke noiʻi kūʻikena o kaʻakaʻaka. Ua loaʻa nā mea a pau ano o ka Comedy. Mākou mea i oluolu i ka loiloi i ka maalea irony erudite mea kākau o ka 16th kenekulia, e like me ka mea o ke kahakaha lōʻihi mai oki e nei. Naʻe, i ka hoolohe Fransua Rable, oiaio a puni pepehi i ka moʻolelo e pili ana i ka hale waihona puke o St. Victor, ma ke kumu o ka parody (a pinepine obscene) kuikui aku la na inoa o ka hoonoho o ke Middle Ages: ". Codpiece hoʻohana", "ka laau o ke ola", "ka maikaʻi ano o ka tripe" a me ka ¶ AL, ka noiʻi e hoailona oukou i ka medieval puke kātuna ano i kuhikuhi pili me ka poʻe moʻomeheu. Naʻe, i ka hana aia no kekahi poe o ko lākou mau 'ano apau loa i hiki ke noʻonoʻo pono "loa", hiki ke hoala mai i ka poe akaaka i kekahi manawa. Mau nā, i ka nui, na mea a pau e pili ana i ka kanaka physiology. Ua koe ka ia i kekahi manawa. Naʻe, i loko o ka papa o ka mōʻaukala loli pili i physiological oihana. Ma 'ana, ma ka mooolelo o kanaka moʻomeheu o kaʻakaʻaka i loko o ka oi loa depicted "nā kiʻi o ka lalo stratum" (Ua hāʻawi mai i kēia ho'ākāka' ana Lūkini haumāna M. M. Bahtin). ʻike hoʻokumu Fransua Rable pili kēia hahai keia moolelo, i hiki ke kapaia ambivalent. Ia mea, i kēia mau kiʻi evoke akaaka, hiki o ka "ilina nona, a ola ae la ia" ma ka ia manawa. Naʻe, i loko o ka hou manawa, ka mea, ua hoʻomau, e ola ana ia i loko o ke kula o ka haʻahaʻa Comedy. Aia mau nō nui he kūoʻo oʻApelila ia Panurge, akā, pinepine ka mea, hiki i haiia ae la maluna a oi a emi pololei unuhi i ka hoʻohana 'ana i nā hua'ōlelo me ka wiwoʻole i hoʻohana Rabelais.

Ka hope makahiki o ke ola ana o Rabelais

Na makahiki hope o ke ola ana o Fransua Rable lāʻau malumalu ma ka mea ikea ole. Makou i ike i kekahi mea no kekahi e pili ana i kona make ana, akā, na epitaphs haku mele e like me Per De Ronsard a me Zhak Tayuro. Ka mua o kēia, ma ke ala, kani loa'ē, a me ka leo mea,ʻaʻole mea manuahi ia. Ua o kēia mau epitaphs iho o ka hoonohoia'na i ka 1554. Noiʻi manaʻo i loko o 1553, make iho la Fransua Rable. Kona Kawaihae Aʻole e hoʻolako ike loea ike, a hiki no i kahi āna i kanuʻia i kēia mea kākau moʻolelo. Ua Ua manaoio ia e kanu i kona poe i koe i loko o Paris, ma ka ilina o St .. Paul.