E uhai i ka pua ana o Leningrad ma January 1943: ka mōʻaukala kūʻiʻo

No ka mea Wehrmacht kauoha loea launa 'ole o ke kulanakauhale ma ka Neva River ole wale ua he nui koa-KUMUMANAʻO NUI nui. Ma waho aʻeo i hoʻopio aku i ka holoʻokoʻa mokuna o ke awawa o Finland, a me ka make ana o ka Baltic'auwaʻa i alualu mamao-mea e holo ai propaganda mau hana. I ka haule ana o ka cradle o ka HoʻokahuliʻOiʻenehana ina ua kena ae la irreparable pono poino i ka holoʻokoʻa Soviet kanaka, a makemake me ka nui loa ke olonā wāwae o ka morale o ka puali koa. Ma ka noho luna ana o ka Red Army ua i kekahi koho: e hookaawale ia, a haawi i ke kulanakauhale me ke kaua. Ma keia hihia, no ka hopena o na kanaka a pau e ia a hiki loa aku lono kaumaha. Hitler manao e holoi i ke kulanakauhale i ka palapala 'āina i loko o ka literal ano o ka olelo.

Leningrad Ua loa hoʻopuniʻia Kelemānia a me ka Pinilana kaua September 8, 1941. Hoʻonani o Leningrad he 872 lā. Ma waho aʻeo i koa huahelu o ka poe koa, a me ka moku i loko o ke kaua huli mai oi ma mua o ekolu miliona kanaka - nā mea pakele mai Leningrad a me ka Baltic Hui Pūʻia, a kokoke wahi. Leningrad i ka blockade ua nalowale oi ma mua o 600 tausani. Ka sīwila heluna kanaka, o ka mea wale ekolu pakeneka i make ma ka bombing a me ka shelling, a make iho la i ke koena o ka pololi a me ka maʻi. Ua Ua evacuated oi ma mua o ka hapalua o ka miliona kanaka.

Ho'āʻo 'o ia e uhai i ka blockade i ka 1942

ʻO i ka darkest lā o ke kaua ho'āʻo e wāwahi i ka encirclement. Ma Ianuali 1942 i ka Soviet koa a hemo aku i kūpono 'e hoʻohui i ke kulanakauhale me ka wahi' o ka pelapela a '' kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Lubz. I kekahi hoao i loko o August - October, ma ke kuhikuhi ana o ke kauhale a me Siniavino Mga wahi i ku ai. Mau hana e hemo mai ma ka pua ana o Leningrad i lanakila. ʻOiai Sinyavinskaya kūpono 'a me ka nele, akā, i ua hoʻohokaʻia regular Wehrmacht i kēiaʻoihana kaʻa manao e hopu i ke kulanakauhale.

KUMUMANAʻO NUI elue

I ka make ana o Nazi kaua i loko o ka Volga River radically hoʻololi i ke koena o nā kaʻakālai koa i loko o ka lokomaikai o ka Soviet kaua. Ma lalo o kēia mau ana, i ka High kauoha, hapai ae la, e lawe mai i ka hana ma luna o ka deprotected'ākau kulanakauhale alii. Hana ana nā hana pili i koa o ka Leningrad, Volkhov fronts, ka Baltic'auwaʻa kaua, a me ka Ladoga Flotilla loaa i ka kivila inoa '' Iskra ''. E kākoʻo i nā hana'āina i ma lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea. Kū'ē lula mai Leningrad blockade, naʻe anoe, ia. Ma muli o ka nui miscalculations o ke kauoha Kelemānia. Hitler underestimated i ka nui o ka uku o ka hoʻomāhuahua o ke koe nō. Ma hope o huhū kaua i loko o ka Moscow wahi, a me ka hema o ka aina, mai ka Army Group 'North' ', elua i hoihoi kapa kila poe , a me ka nui loa o ka infantry huahelu, e hapa' ia 'offset i ka lilo ana o ke kikowaena pae. Ma ka hoʻomaka o ka 1943 ma Leningrad i ka poʻe komohewa ua i nui mechanized naehana, e ee i ka hiki hoouka o ka Soviet Army.

na manao, e olelo oe

Hana "Iskra" Ua hāpai aʻela i loko o ka Akuma ka o 1942. I ka hopena o Nowemapa,? Aaeaaaaony i ka ke keʻena luna o ka Leningrad Front ke keʻena luna, e hoomakaukau i ka hou kūpono 'a me ka Hopu o kaʻenemi apo ma nāʻaoʻao: Shlisselburgsky a me Uritskom. High, e kauoha aku i hoʻoholo, e kālele ana ma luna o kekahi, o ka hoʻokēʻaiʻana, kokoke-Siniavino Shlisselburg.

November 22, e kauoha aku imua i ke kumumanao o ke loan hana o ke kiaʻana i kāna koa o ka Leningrad a me Volkhov fronts. Ke hana i aponoia, Ua haawiia mai emi ma mua o ka malama, i ka hoʻomākaukau. Ka mea, ua nui e? Ii? Kūpono 'i loko o ka hooilo: kupulau swampland lilo impassable. No ka mea, o ka thaw hoomaka ana ma ka hopena o December uhai i ka blockade Ua hailona no na la he umi. Ua ua paipaiʻia e Stalin Ka kivila ka inoa o ka hana. Ka hapalua o ke kenekulia aku nei, VI Ulyanov, e pili ana i ke kino puka o ka Bolshevik Party, i kapaʻia ka nupepa "Iskra" me ka manao ana o ka hunaahi, e hoaa no ia mea i ka lapalapa o ke kipi. Stalin pela unuhi ae la ia i ka analogy, holoholo ana o ka hana ana kūpono 'ʻoihana kaʻa e hoʻomōhala i loko o ka nui KUMUMANAʻO NUI holomua. Ua mau'ōnaehana i hāʻawi i ka Ilamuku K. E. Voroshilovu. E kūlike o nā hana ma ka Volkhov Front i hoouna aku ai i ka Ilamuku G. K. Zhukov.

E hoomakaukau i ke kūpono '

I Dekemaba i ka poʻe hao wale intensively hoomakaukau no ke kaua. i ke koʻokoʻo ma All huahelu me nā limahana a me ka lako a pan i hoʻokahi haneri pakeneka, hoʻonui mai i ka 5 puni o ka ammunition no kela a me keia pa alima o na mea kaumaha. Leningrad i ka blockade ua hiki ke hoolako i ke alo a me nā mea a pau i ka mea e pono ai koa lako a pan a me ka lima uuku. A no kāʻaʻahu aliʻi o Laielohelohe,ʻaʻole wale nō hana kūikawā hana, akā, i poe kanaka, ka poe i pilikino hoʻohana Nails machines. Ma ka hope o na sappers i hooikaikaia mai na alahaka, a kūkulu hou poʻe. E hōʻoia i ka hiki i ka Neva i kūkulu ma kahi o 50 kilomika o nā alanui.

Ua uku ia kekahi noonoo i ka makaukau ana o na kanaka: ka mea, pono e e aoia e e kaua i loko o ka hooilo, i loko o ka ulu lāʻau, a hoouka mai i ka pa wahi, i hoʻolako pono me ka heluʻai a me nā pillboxes ikaika. Ma ka hope o kēlā me kēia hui, he hoonohonoho polygons simulating kumu o ka oleloia hoouka hoohalua ana. No ka Hopu 'enekinia, pakaua i hana kūikawā ino pūʻulu. Minefields ala i kūkulu. All luna mai a hiki i nā luna o nā poʻe o ke kauoha aupuni i hoʻolako me ka maemae kiʻi palapala, a mau kiʻikuhi. E hōʻuluʻulu hou ua hua mai la wale nō i ka pō, a ma ka hewa ka ino. I ka ha awina o ke alo-laina akamai. Ua Ua ua pono ka kūlana pale wahi o kaʻenemi pale. No ka ilamuku i kūkulu kaua lealea. Ka hope loa pae ua e hoʻomaka i ke ola-ahi kino. Ana, e hūnā au i ka laha ana o misinformation, a ua hānau mai ke kanana 'mahuka hua. Ka enemi ike e pili ana i ka? Oaony hoouka pono i kekahi mau lā. Eia ka hōʻoi 'i ka pilikia ma amau o ka ke Kelemānia a i ole i manawa.

Ka hoʻopololei o nā koa

I ka ho okumu ana o ka Leningrad Front like hapa o ka 42nd, 55th, 67th Army paa pale o ke kulanakauhale, mai ka lilo o ka hema-hikinaʻaoʻao o ke apo ma ka laina Uritsk - Kolpino, pono-kae mau mea o ka Neva - Ladoga. 23rd Army alakai kūlana pale ana ma kaʻaoʻao'ākau o ka Karelian Isthmus. Max koa mokulele o lakou o ka 13th Air Army. Ua Hopu blockade hoakaka ia pahu 222, a me 37 kapa kila. Front kauoha e Lutanela-General L. A. Govorov. Infantry huahelu me ka lewa kākoʻo 14-ko Air Army. 217 pahu poʻina nalu i kiaʻana i kāna i loko o kēia wahi. Volkhov Front i kauoha mai ai ma ka General K. A. Meretskov koa. Ke breakout kuhikuhi, ka hoʻohana 'ana me ke koe a me ka hoʻohana' ana e hōʻuluʻulu hou, loaʻa superiority o Manpower i loko o ka eha a me ka hapalua kona manawa, mea kaua -ʻehiku ka pīpīʻana, poʻina nalu - heʻumi manawa, mokulele - palua. Nuʻa pū a me ka papa wiliʻai ma Leningrad ua like me 146 huahelu no 1 ei mua. I kūpono 'mālama' mea kaua Baltic'auwaʻa kaua a me Ladoga flotilla (88 caliber pū mai ka 100 a hiki i 406 mm) a me ka mokulele'auwaʻa mokulele.

Ma Volkhovsky kuhikuhi pū nuʻa kaulua mai ka 101 a hiki i 356 huahelu no kilomika o. I ka huina helu o ka hahau ikaika, mai na aoao elua i 303 tausani koa a me nā luna. Ko kākou poʻe hao wale i ka Hopu o ke blockade, ua, e hoouka aku i kaʻelemakule paa Shlisselburgskaya-Sinyavinskaya wahi, a i kokua aku ma ka elima māhele i ka enemi aku i ke kulanakauhale he iwakalua-eono māhele o ka 18th Army (Army Group 'North') a me ke kahua o ka Pinilana papaʻehā ma ke kūkulu'ākau., Ua ke aupuni 'ehiku haneri pū a me nā papa wiliʻai. Hoʻohui 'ia Wehrmacht kauoha o General G. Lindemann.

Ke Kaua Shlisselburgsky kaʻe

Ma ka po o ka 11 ma luna o Ianuari 12, i hana maunakea Volkhov Front, a me ka 13th Air Army o ka Leningrad Front ka papakaukau bombing ma o ka mālama '-hoakaka Pahuhopu i loko o ka? Aaony breakout wahi. January 12 ma ka hapalua i hala eiwa i loko o ke kakahiaka, hoomaka ae la i ka mea kaua e hoʻomākaukau ai. Shellingʻenemi kulana mau ae la ia, elua no hora, a he umi minuke. No ka hapalua o ka hora mua o ka hoouka gunships hahai i ka paa i pale aku ia lakou a me ka mea kaua iuo aaoa? O na kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Ma 11,00 ka 67th Army mai ka Neva, a me ka lua o ka pa alima o ka hawewe, a ewalu na puali o ka Volkhov Front a hemo ka kūpono '. infantry hoouka kākoʻo mea kaua kī pūʻana, e hana i ke ahi au hohonu o kekahi kilomika o. Wehrmacht poʻe hao wale ku ka piena o, Soviet infantry ua lohi a me ka haoʻa.

I loko o nā lāʻelua o kaua, i ka mamao ma waena o ka hoʻokikina pūʻulu hoemi ia i mau kilomika. Just eono lā ma hope o ka hoʻokikina me ka ho okumu ana o ka Soviet Army ua hiki e hoʻohui i loko o ka wahi o ka noho hana ', helu 1 a me ka helu 5. Ma January 18, i hookuu ia Shlisselburg (Petrokrepost) i ke kulanakauhale, a mao o ka enemi, a pau e pili ana i ke kahakai o Lake Ladoga wahi. Ka laula o ka aina ala hele i ma luna o nā wahi likeʻole o ka 8 i ka 10 kilomika. Ma ka lā o ka uhaʻiʻana i ka blockade o Leningrad ike loea aina loulou i ke kulanakauhale me ka 'nā moku'āina' '' ka mea i hoihoi hou ia. United Group 2nd a 67th puali ho'āʻo unsuccessfully e möhala i ka pomaikai ana o ke kūpono ', a hoʻonui i ka bridgehead a hiki i ke kūkulu hema. Na kēia kanaka Kelemānia i lawe mai i kā lākou me ke koe. Ma January 19, he umi lā ma pilikia pauku o ke kauoha Kelemānia i airlifted elima papa, a me ka nui loa o ka mea kaua. Ke kūpono 'i loko o ka wahi Siniavino hānupanupa. I mea e malama i ka lanakila mau kihi, ka poʻe hao wale, hele ma ke kūlana pale. Ua hoomaka auwaha kaua. Ka oihana lā o ka hana mea ma 30 Ianuali.

I ka hopena o ke kūpono '

E like me ka hopena o ka Soviet poʻe hao wale o ka Wehrmacht i nei ke hoʻi mai ke kahakai o Lake Ladoga, akā, ua i ke kulanakauhale no loko o ka mua ciia. Ka Ua Hopu o ka blockade i ka hana '' Iskra '' hōʻike i ka waiwai nui o ka oihana koa kiʻekiʻe kauoha manaʻo. I ka make o ka enemi koa ma luna o ka pā 'āpana pepa papa hoʻolaukahi ami hoouka mai o ka mawaho, a me ka mawaho ua lilo ia i precedent i loko o ka wahi lulu nō o ke kaua. Ua loaa i ka puali koa nui ka hoao ana i ka hoʻokō 'ia' kūpono 'ana i loko o kekahi, ka Lāʻau wahi i loko o ka hooilo. Lanakila ka enemi pona pale'ōnaehana hoike i ka pono no ka hoʻokolokolo pono hoʻolālā o ka hoʻokō 'mea kaua i ke ahi, e like me ka hana ana neʻeʻana o nā huahelu ma ka hakakā.

poho o na aoao elua

Just pehea koko o na kēia ho'āla kaua, e like me ka casualty huahelu. 67th a me 13th o ka Leningrad Front Army lilo pepehi, a hana eha aku la 41,2 tausani. People, a me ka irretrievable poho nui i 12,4 tausani. People. Volkhov Front nalowale 73,9 a me 21,5 tausani. People niioaaonoaaiii. ehikuʻenemi poe i anaiia mai. Kelemānia ka pōʻino nui i oi aku mamua o 30 tausani kanaka, deadweight -. 13 tausani kanaka .. Eia hou, e like me Nā Kia o ka Soviet kaua la ma kahi o eha pū a me ka papa wiliʻai, 178 mīkini pū, 5,000 pūlaipela, he nui ka nui o ka ammunition, hoʻokahi haneri a me kanalima hi. mau Hou Loa kaumaha poʻina nalu i pio e T-VI "Kika".

nui ka lanakila

Hana '' Iskra '' e uhai i ka blockade loaʻa ka makemake i nā hualoaʻa. Iloko o kaʻumikumamāhiku lā o ke alanui a me ka alahao laina lōʻihi o kanakolu-ekolu kilomika i ua waiho ma ke kahakai o Lake Ladoga. Feberuari 7 ka mua huakaʻi hiki ma Leningrad. Ua Ua hoihoi hou ia i ka napoo lako hou o ke kulanakauhale a me ka koa huahelu, ua mahuahua lako hou o ka uila. Keoni a ka wai lako. Nui hou i ke kahua o ka sīwila heluna kanaka, hanalima hana, a me ke alo i pili ai o ka Baltic'auwaʻa kaua. Ma ka kēia mau mahina o ka makahiki , mai Leningrad i evacuated i ka hope wahi oi ma mua o ewalu haneri tausani civilians.

Ke liberation o Leningrad mai ka blockade ma January 1943 ua he kī koke i loko o ka hoomalu ana o ke kulanakauhale. Soviet poʻe hao wale i loko o kēia wahi, ua lilo hopu i ka KUMUMANAʻO NUI Initiative. Ua Ua eliminated pilikia hui Kelemānia a me ka Pinilana koa. On January 18 - i ka lā o ka uhaʻiʻana i ka blockade o Leningrad - ke kulanakauhale ana i ka pilikia wā o ka hoʻokaʻawale. Ka holomua pau 'ana o ka hana i ka nui ideological manaʻo nui no na kanaka o ka aina. Aʻole ka kaua nui-pālākiō o ka Apana World War huki mai i ka noonoo ana o ka waiwai pili aupuni o ka moana. US Pelekikena Theodore Roosevelt hoalohaloha i ka Soviet alakaʻi me koa i ka pomaikai, a me ka noho ana o ke kulanakauhale, hoouna mai i ka palapala, a ua ae i ka nui o ka mama, kā lākou indomitable fortitude a me ka ikaika.

ka uhaʻiʻana i ka blockade o Leningrad Museum

Ma ka confrontation laina kukulu ia e hoʻomanaʻo mau ai i loko o iaiyoe o ka lono kaumaha a me ka'ōlohe wiwo hanana o ia mau makahiki. I ka makahiki 1985 ma ka Apana Kirov o ka aina kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Marino i weheia diorama '' E uhai i ka Hoʻonani o Leningrad '. Ia mea i loko o kēia wahi January 12, 1943 i ka 67th kaua huahelu i kela kapa o ka Neva ma ka hau, a wāwahi ma kaʻenemi pale aku ia lakou. Diorama 'Ua Hopu Leningrad blockade' ' ho i ka pena ma ka nui o 40 8 mika. Ma ka canvas depicts nā hanana o ke kaua ma luna o Kelemānia pale aku ia lakou. Ma mua o lole substantive manao, me ka hohonu HEN, mai 4 a 8 mika, recreates he ekolu-dimensional nā kiʻi o ka paa nā kūlana hana, kamailio ana o ka auwaha, koa lako a pan.

Ke kuʻikahi, haku mele 'ana pictorial canvas, a hoopuni iho manao hana weliweli alo kanawai. Ma ke kapa o ka Neva mea he kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka '' wawahi i ka blockade '. Kia hoʻomanaʻo i kēia He pahu T-34, kaa ma ka pedestal. Kaua kaa ke kome e like e hoʻohui i ka Volkhov Front. Ma ka wehe 'āpana i loko o ke alo o ka iau i hōʻike lako a pan ma ke kaua.

I ka hope loa punohu o ka blockade o Leningrad. makahiki 1944

Piha ana o ka hoopuni ana i ke kulanakauhale i wale o ka makahiki ma hope i ka hopena o ka nui-me ka unahiʻole Leningrad-Novgorod Kūpono '. Nā poʻe hao wale o ka Volkhov, ka Baltic a me Leningrad fronts luku aku i ka papa kuhikuhiE koa o ka 18th Army o ka Wehrmacht. January 27 ua i ka kūhelu lā o ka weheʻaneʻane 900-lā ka hoʻopuniʻana. A 1943rd Ua hoʻopaʻa 'ia i loko o ka historiography o ke Kaua Honua II i ka makahiki o ka Hopu o ka blockade o Leningrad.